Rotorua is a New Zealand parliamentary electorate, returning one Member of Parliament to the New Zealand House of Representatives. It was first established in 1919, and has existed continuously since 1954. The current MP for Rotorua is Todd McClay of the National Party,[1] who won the electorate in the 2008 general election from incumbent Labour MP Steve Chadwick.
| Rotorua | |
|---|---|
| Single-member constituency for the New Zealand House of Representatives | |
 Location of Rotorua within Bay of Plenty | |
| Region | Bay of Plenty |
| Major settlements | Rotorua |
| Current constituency | |
| Current MP | Todd McClay |
| Party | National |
Population centres
editIn the 1918 electoral redistribution, the North Island gained a further three electorates from the South Island due to faster population growth. Only two existing electorates were unaltered, five electorates were abolished, two former electorate were re-established, and three electorates, including Rotorua, were created for the first time.[2]
The initial electorate, which was formed through the 1918 electoral redistribution, had a long coastline along the Bay of Plenty, and incorporated, beside Rotorua, the towns and villages of Whakatāne, Taupō, Tokoroa, Putāruru, Mangakino, Edgecumbe, Tāneatua, and Murupara.[3] In the 1922 electoral redistribution, the electorate lost some area to the Bay of Plenty electorate, and a larger area to the Waikato electorate.[4] The 1927 electoral redistribution saw Rotorua become landlocked, with the Tauranga electorate taking the coastline including Tāneatua and Edgecumbe, and Whakatāne going to the Bay of Plenty electorate. The electorate moved south and took in Lake Taupō, with Tūrangi just beyond the southern boundary located in the Waimarino electorate. The electorate also grew in the north-west, gaining the town of Matamata.[5]
In the 1937 electoral redistribution, the electorate shifted further south again. Matamata was lost again, and the peaks of Tongariro, Ngauruhoe, and Ruapehu now formed the boundary to the Waimarino electorate.[6] The 1946 electoral redistribution saw the Rotorua electorate abolished, with the Bay of Plenty electorate moving west and incorporating the town of Rotorua, most of the southern area going to the Waimarino electorate including the town of Taupō, and some area in the north-west going to the Waikato electorate including Tokoroa.[7]
The First Labour Government was defeated in the 1949 election and the incoming National Government changed the Electoral Act, with the electoral quota once again based on total population as opposed to qualified electors, and the tolerance was increased to 7.5% of the electoral quota. There was no adjustments in the number of electorates between the South and North Islands, but the law changes resulted in boundary adjustments to almost every electorate through the 1952 electoral redistribution; only five electorates were unaltered.[8] Five electorates were reconstituted (including Rotorua) and one was newly created, and a corresponding six electorates were abolished; all of these in the North Island.[9] These changes took effect with the 1954 election.[10] The electorate was again landlocked and much smaller than prior to its abolition. Significant settlements included Rotorua, Tokoroa, Taupō, and Mangakino, with Lake Taupō forming the southern boundary.[11]
Demographics
editOver forty per cent of the population of Rotorua is under the age of thirty, much of this because 37% of the electorate's residents are Māori, who are on the whole younger than the national average (22.7 years old versus a national average of 35.9).[12] There are also fewer voters earning over $30,000 per year, with the majority of workers coming from working class and semi-skilled professionals. Rotorua also has more unemployed people (6.5%) than most electorates, being ranked 52nd in the nation.
The country quota applied until 1945 and the Rotorua electorate was initially classed as fully rural. Based on the 1926 New Zealand census, the 1927 Electoral Redistribution determined that 24% of the electorate's population was urban. Based on the 1936 census, the 1937 Electoral Redistribution determined that 36% of the electorate's population was urban.[13]
The current Rotorua electorate is positioned in the Bay of Plenty region in the central North Island. It is dominated by the town of Rotorua, and also contains the Eastern Bay of Plenty towns of Kawerau, Murupara and Galatea, the last two of which are located on the outskirts of Te Urewera National Park. In 2008, its boundaries were extended to the geographical bay, with the addition of coastline stretching from a cluster of rural towns including Pukehina and Maketu to the outskirts of Te Puke.
History
editAn electorate based around Rotorua has been a part of the New Zealand electoral landscape since the 1919 election, with a gap from 1946 to 1954. Previously the town of Rotorua was in the East Coast electorate (from 1871), then the East Coast electorate again (from 1890), then the Bay of Plenty electorate (from 1893), and then (just) in the Tauranga electorate again (from 1911 to 1919).[14]
William Henry Wackrow was nominated in March 1922 as the opposition candidate for that year's election.[15] Wackrow withdrew in November[16] and was replaced by Cecil Clinkard, who lost against the incumbent, Frank Hockly of the Reform Party.[17]
Geoffrey Sim of the National Party won the 1943 election. When the Rotorua electorate was abolished for the 1946 election, Sim successfully stood in Waikato electorate instead.[18]
After the electorate was re-established through the 1952 Electoral Redistribution, Ray Boord of the Labour Party won the 1954 election.[19] Boord served two parliamentary terms and was beaten by National's Harry Lapwood in the 1960 election.[20] Lapwood served for six parliamentary terms and retired in 1978.[21]
Lapwood was succeeded by his party colleague Paul East in the 1978 election. East also served six parliamentary terms until 1996. With the advent of Mixed Member Proportional (MMP) voting in 1996, the Rotorua electorate was greatly expanded to include areas previously part of the Eastern Bay of Plenty and Tarawera electorates. Both Tarawera and Rotorua were safe National Party electorates, and in the ensuing battle for the nomination, the two incumbents, East and Max Bradford, faced off for a Rotorua nomination eventually secured by Bradford, with East securing a high list position.[22]
Bradford won the 1996 election with a nearly 6,000 votes margin.[23] Despite both electorates being reasonably loyal to the National Party, Bradford's tenure as MP for Rotorua was just three years, before being ousted by Labour MP Steve Chadwick in the 1999 election. Chadwick's initial majority of 4,978 votes blew out to over 7,500 in 2002 before it was reined in to just 662 in 2005, as the National Party consolidated the centre-right vote, with its biggest gains being in the provincial North Island. In 2005, Chadwick's party was less popular than their candidate, coming 1,645 votes behind National.
In 2008 Chadwick was defeated by National candidate Todd McClay who won the electorate with a majority of 5,067 votes. In the 2011 election McClay again returned as the member for Rotorua, increasing his majority to 7,357 votes. In 2014, McClay was elected as MP for a third term beating television personality Tāmati Coffey by a similar majority to that in the previous election.
Rotorua is also an electorate where the New Zealand First party does well, with its biggest appeal among provincial New Zealanders, and as results in 1996 indicate, Māori: in the three most recent elections, New Zealand First has polled around three per cent higher in Rotorua than it did in the rest of New Zealand.
Members of Parliament
editUnless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.
Key
List MPs
editMembers of Parliament elected from party lists in elections where that person also unsuccessfully contested the Rotorua electorate. Unless otherwise stated, all MPs terms began and ended at general elections.
| Election | Winner | |
| 1999 election | Max Bradford | |
| 2008 election | Steve Chadwick | |
| 2014 election | Fletcher Tabuteau | |
| 2017 election | ||
Election results
edit2023 election
edit| 2023 general election: Rotorua [24] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| National |  Todd McClay
|
19,339 | 52.95 | +9.66 | 15,317 | 41.36 | +12.71 | ||
| Labour | Ben Sandford | 10,416 | 28.52 | -12.57 | 8,922 | 24.09 | -22.59 | ||
| Te Pāti Māori | Merepeka Raukawa-Tait | 2,731 | 7.48 | — | 851 | 2.30 | +1.39 | ||
| ACT | Marten Rozeboom | 1,732 | 4.74 | +1.93 | 3,543 | 9.57 | +0.51 | ||
| NewZeal | Kariana Black-Vercoe | 1,252 | 3.43 | +2.44 | 491 | 1.33 | +0.87 [a] | ||
| Independent | John Naera | 354 | 0.97 | — | |||||
| Green | 2,885 | 7.79 | +3.04 | ||||||
| NZ First | 2,835 | 7.66 | +4.04 | ||||||
| Opportunities | 638 | 1.72 | +1.25 | ||||||
| NZ Loyal | 618 | 1.67 | — | ||||||
| Freedoms NZ | 233 | 0.63 | — | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 177 | 0.48 | +0.01 | ||||||
| DemocracyNZ | 107 | 0.29 | — | ||||||
| Animal Justice | 54 | 0.15 | — | ||||||
| New Conservative | 50 | 0.14 | -1.70 | ||||||
| New Nation | 35 | 0.09 | — | ||||||
| Women's Rights | 33 | 0.09 | — | ||||||
| Leighton Baker Party | 28 | 0.08 | — | ||||||
| Informal votes | 700 | 216 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 36,524 | 37,033 | |||||||
| National hold | Majority | 8,923 | 24.43 | +22.23 | |||||
2020 election
edit| 2020 general election: Rotorua [25] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| National | Todd McClay
|
16,212 | 43.29 | -10.08 | 10,951 | 28.65 | -19.68 | ||
| Labour | Claire Mahon | 15,387 | 41.09 | +10.17 | 17,845 | 46.68 | +14.38 | ||
| Green | Kaya Sparke | 1,887 | 5.04 | +0.80 | 1,816 | 4.75 | +0.61 | ||
| NZ First | Fletcher Tabuteau | 1,412 | 3.77 | -4.93 | 1,383 | 3.62 | -6.28 | ||
| ACT | Pete Kirkwood | 1,053 | 2.81 | — | 3,463 | 9.06 | +8.73 | ||
| New Conservative | Alan Tāne Solomon | 564 | 1.51 | +1.19 | 703 | 1.84 | +1.57 | ||
| Advance NZ | Kiri Ward | 563 | 1.50 | — | 518 | 1.36 | — | ||
| ONE | Kari-Ann Varcoe | 372 | 0.99 | — | 177 | 0.46 | — | ||
| Opportunities | 606 | 1.59 | -1.12 | ||||||
| Māori Party | 347 | 0.91 | -0.35 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 179 | 0.47 | +0.15 | ||||||
| Vision NZ | 141 | 0.37 | — | ||||||
| Outdoors | 50 | 0.13 | +0.07 | ||||||
| Sustainable NZ | 21 | 0.05 | — | ||||||
| Social Credit | 16 | 0.04 | +0.02 | ||||||
| TEA | 8 | 0.02 | — | ||||||
| Heartland | 4 | 0.01 | — | ||||||
| Informal votes | 701 | 260 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 37,450 | 38,228 | |||||||
| National hold | Majority | 825 | 2.20 | -20.25 | |||||
2017 election
edit| 2017 general election: Rotorua[26] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| National | Todd McClay
|
18,788 | 53.37 | -2.42 | 17,390 | 48.33 | -3.54 | ||
| Labour | Ben Sandford | 10,887 | 30.92 | -2.75 | 11,622 | 32.3 | +11.21 | ||
| NZ First | Fletcher Tabuteau | 3,062 | 8.70 | +1.35 | 3,561 | 9.90 | -2.26 | ||
| Green | Richard Gillies | 1,491 | 4.24 | — | 1,488 | 4.14 | -2.58 | ||
| Māori Party | Wendy Biddle | 702 | 1.99 | — | 454 | 1.26 | -0.17 | ||
| Independent | Rachel Clark | 162 | 0.46 | — | |||||
| Conservative | Owen Patterson | 114 | 0.32 | -1.5 | 97 | 0.27 | -3.73 | ||
| Opportunities | 974 | 2.71 | — | ||||||
| ACT | 120 | 0.33 | -0.09 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 116 | 0.32 | -0.15 | ||||||
| Ban 1080 | 66 | 0.18 | -0.12 | ||||||
| People's Party | 30 | 0.08 | — | ||||||
| Outdoors | 23 | 0.06 | — | ||||||
| United Future | 19 | 0.05 | -0.16 | ||||||
| Democrats | 8 | 0.02 | -0.03 | ||||||
| Internet | 8 | 0.02 | -0.78[b] | ||||||
| Mana | 8 | 0.02 | -0.78[c] | ||||||
| Informal votes | 379 | 133 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 35,585 | 36,117 | |||||||
| National hold | Majority | 7,901 | 22.45 | +0.34 | |||||
2014 election
edit| 2014 general election: Rotorua[27] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| National | Todd McClay
|
18,145 | 55.79 | −1.38 | 17,660 | 51.87 | +0.60 | ||
| Labour | Tāmati Coffey | 11,297 | 33.67 | +1.54 | 7,181 | 21.09 | −0.86 | ||
| NZ First | Fletcher Tabuteau | 2,466 | 7.35 | +0.28 | 4,139 | 12.16 | +1.61 | ||
| Conservative | Michael Davidson | 610 | 1.82 | −1.13 | 1,361 | 4.00 | +0.99 | ||
| ACT | Lyall Russell | 132 | 0.39 | +0.39 | 142 | 0.42 | −0.43 | ||
| Green | 2,289 | 6.72 | −1.85 | ||||||
| Māori Party | 486 | 1.43 | +0.15 | ||||||
| Internet Mana | 272 | 0.80 | −0.24 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 160 | 0.47 | −0.03 | ||||||
| Ban 1080 | 101 | 0.30 | +0.30 | ||||||
| United Future | 72 | 0.21 | −0.61 | ||||||
| Independent Coalition | 33 | 0.10 | +0.10 | ||||||
| Democrats | 16 | 0.05 | +0.01 | ||||||
| Civilian | 11 | 0.03 | +0.03 | ||||||
| Focus | 4 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 328 | 122 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 33,548 | 34,049 | |||||||
| National hold | Majority | 7,418 | 22.11 | −1.93 | |||||
2011 election
edit| 2011 general election: Rotorua[28] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| National | Todd McClay
|
17,188 | 56.17 | +2.26 | 16,159 | 51.27 | +0.92 | ||
| Labour | Steve Chadwick | 9,831 | 32.13 | -6.35 | 6,919 | 21.95 | -8.08 | ||
| NZ First | Fletcher Tabuteau | 2,166 | 7.08 | +7.08 | 3,326 | 10.55 | +4.21 | ||
| Conservative | Daryl Smith | 903 | 2.95 | +2.95 | 948 | 3.01 | +3.01 | ||
| Mana | Grant Rogers | 510 | 1.67 | +1.67 | 327 | 1.04 | +1.04 | ||
| Green | 2,700 | 8.57 | +3.58 | ||||||
| Māori Party | 404 | 1.28 | -0.50 | ||||||
| ACT | 269 | 0.85 | -1.78 | ||||||
| United Future | 258 | 0.82 | -0.02 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 159 | 0.50 | +0.06 | ||||||
| Libertarianz | 19 | 0.06 | +0.02 | ||||||
| Alliance | 15 | 0.05 | -0.05 | ||||||
| Democrats | 14 | 0.04 | +0.02 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 835 | 307 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 30,598 | 31,517 | |||||||
| National hold | Majority | 7,357 | 24.04 | +8.62 | |||||
Electorate (as at 26 November 2011): 42,886[29]
2008 election
edit| 2008 general election: Rotorua[30] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| National | Todd McClay | 17,700 | 53.91 | +15.31 | 16,836 | 50.35 | +8.46 | ||
| Labour |  Steve Chadwick
|
12,635 | 38.48 | -2.29 | 10,044 | 30.04 | -6.63 | ||
| Green | Raewyn Saville | 1,665 | 5.07 | +1.36 | 1,666 | 4.98 | +1.21 | ||
| Kiwi | Daryl Smith | 365 | 1.11 | +1.11 | 183 | 0.55 | +0.55 | ||
| United Future | Arthur Solomon | 241 | 0.73 | -6.22 | 282 | 0.84 | -2.12 | ||
| RAM | Grant Rogers | 145 | 0.44 | +0.44 | 24 | 0.07 | +0.07 | ||
| Libertarianz | Fred Stevens | 82 | 0.25 | +0.25 | 15 | 0.04 | +0.01 | ||
| NZ First | 2,122 | 6.35 | -2.89 | ||||||
| ACT | 879 | 2.63 | +1.44 | ||||||
| Māori Party | 596 | 1.78 | +0.22 | ||||||
| Progressive | 200 | 0.60 | -0.26 | ||||||
| Family Party | 193 | 0.58 | +0.58 | ||||||
| Bill and Ben | 186 | 0.56 | +0.56 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 147 | 0.44 | +0.18 | ||||||
| Alliance | 33 | 0.10 | +0.03 | ||||||
| Pacific | 13 | 0.04 | +0.04 | ||||||
| Workers Party | 8 | 0.02 | +0.02 | ||||||
| Democrats | 7 | 0.02 | -0.03 | ||||||
| RONZ | 4 | 0.01 | -0.02 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 364 | 154 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 32,833 | 33,438 | |||||||
| National gain from Labour | Majority | 5,065 | 15.43 | +13.25 | |||||
2005 election
edit| 2005 general election: Rotorua[31] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Steve Chadwick
|
12,420 | 40.77 | -10.63 | 11,350 | 36.67 | -0.96 | ||
| National | Gil Stehbens | 11,758 | 38.60 | +14.88 | 12,965 | 41.89 | +21.46 | ||
| United Future | Russell Judd | 2,119 | 6.96 | +1.63 | 916 | 2.96 | -4.12 | ||
| NZ First | Fletcher Tabuteau | 2,055 | 6.75 | -2.53 | 2,860 | 9.24 | -7.21 | ||
| Green | Raewyn Saville | 1,131 | 3.71 | -0.14 | 1,168 | 3.77 | -2.13 | ||
| Destiny | Elaine Herbert | 604 | 1.98 | +1.98 | 397 | 1.28 | +1.28 | ||
| ACT | Carl Peterson | 378 | 1.24 | +1.24 | 367 | 1.19 | -4.15 | ||
| Māori Party | 484 | 1.56 | +1.56 | ||||||
| Progressive | 267 | 0.86 | -0.69 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 83 | 0.23 | -0.66 | ||||||
| Alliance | 20 | 0.06 | -0.83 | ||||||
| Christian Heritage | 16 | 0.05 | -1.18 | ||||||
| Democrats | 16 | 0.05 | +0.05 | ||||||
| Libertarianz | 10 | 0.03 | +0.03 | ||||||
| Family Rights | 9 | 0.03 | +0.03 | ||||||
| RONZ | 9 | 0.03 | +0.03 | ||||||
| Direct Democracy | 7 | 0.02 | +0.02 | ||||||
| One NZ | 5 | 0.02 | -0.05 | ||||||
| 99 MP | 4 | 0.01 | +0.01 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 326 | 125 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 30,465 | 30,950 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 662 | 2.17 | -25.51 | |||||
2002 election
edit| 2002 general election: Rotorua[32] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Steve Chadwick
|
14380 | 51.40 | +1.70 | 10700 | 37.63 | -0.80 | ||
| National | Malcolm Short | 6636 | 23.72 | -8.88 | 5809 | 20.43 | -10.30 | ||
| NZ First | Fletcher Tabuteau | 2595 | 9.28 | +5.60 | 4677 | 16.45 | +10.64 | ||
| United Future | Russell Judd | 1490 | 5.33 | +5.33 | 2014 | 7.08 | +7.08 | ||
| Green | Richard Kake | 1078 | 3.85 | -0.37 | 1679 | 5.90 | +0.61 | ||
| NZ Equal Rights Party | Cliff Lee | 806 | 2.88 | +0.07 | |||||
| Christian Heritage | Ross Prichard | 391 | 1.40 | -0.86 | 350 | 1.23 | -1.19 | ||
| Independent | Reg Turner | 232 | 0.83 | +0.83 | |||||
| Progressive | David Espin | 194 | 0.69 | +0.69 | 442 | 1.55 | +1.55 | ||
| Alliance | Julie Poupard | 175 | 0.63 | -1.75 | 252 | 0.89 | -5.98 | ||
| ACT | 1518 | 5.34 | -0.48 | ||||||
| ORNZ | 791 | 2.78 | +2.78 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 156 | 0.55 | -0.53 | ||||||
| Mana Māori | 28 | 0.10 | -0.09 | ||||||
| One NZ | 19 | 0.07 | -0.03 | ||||||
| NMP | 1 | 0.00 | -0.01 | ||||||
| Informal votes | 335 | 114 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 27977 | 28436 | |||||||
| Labour hold | Majority | 7744 | 27.68 | +10.59 | |||||
1999 election
edit| 1999 general election: Rotorua[33][34] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| Labour | Steve Chadwick | 14,474 | 49.70 | 11,299 | 38.42 | +15.27 | |||
| National | Max Bradford
|
9,496 | 32.60 | -8.10 | 9,037 | 30.73 | -5.31 | ||
| Green | Lynne Dempsey | 1,230 | 4.22 | 1,557 | 5.29 | ||||
| NZ First | Robert Dixon | 1,070 | 3.67 | 1,708 | 5.81 | -12.37 | |||
| NZ Equal Rights Party | Cliff Lee | 819 | 2.81 | ||||||
| Alliance | Pirihira Kaio | 692 | 2.38 | 2,018 | 6.86 | -2.90 | |||
| Christian Heritage | Ross Prichard | 657 | 2.26 | 713 | 2.42 | -1.99 | |||
| Christian Democrats | Andrew James Parr | 619 | 2.13 | 536 | 1.82 | ||||
| Natural Law | Martin Sharp | 68 | 0.23 | 27 | 0.09 | +0.02 | |||
| ACT | 1,710 | 5.82 | +1.12 | ||||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 316 | 1.07 | -0.33 | ||||||
| United NZ | 144 | 0.49 | -0.09 | ||||||
| Libertarianz | 127 | 0.43 | +0.42 | ||||||
| Animals First | 55 | 0.19 | +0.02 | ||||||
| Mana Māori | 54 | 0.18 | +0.11 | ||||||
| McGillicuddy Serious | 42 | 0.14 | -0.20 | ||||||
| One NZ | 29 | 0.10 | |||||||
| Mauri Pacific | 16 | 0.05 | |||||||
| The People's Choice | 9 | 0.03 | |||||||
| NMP | 4 | 0.01 | |||||||
| South Island | 3 | 0.01 | |||||||
| Freedom Movement | 1 | 0.00 | |||||||
| Republican | 1 | 0.00 | |||||||
| Informal votes | 545 | 264 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 29,125 | 29,406 | |||||||
| Labour gain from National | Majority | 4,978 | 17.09 | ||||||
1996 election
edit| 1996 general election: Rotorua[35] | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Notes: |
Blue background denotes the winner of the electorate vote.
| ||||||||
| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | Party votes | % | ±% | ||
| National | Max Bradford | 12,124 | 40.70 | 10,734 | 36.04 | ||||
| Alliance | Keith Ridings | 6,228 | 20.91 | -10.78 | 2,909 | 9.76 | |||
| NZ First | Charles Sturt | 5,029 | 16.88 | 5,417 | 18.18 | ||||
| Labour | Rosemary Michie | 4,149 | 13.93 | 6,895 | 23.15 | ||||
| Christian Coalition | Geoff Winter | 834 | 2.80 | 1,316 | 4.41 | ||||
| ACT | Stephen Wrathall | 371 | 1.24 | 1,402 | 4.70 | ||||
| Conservatives | Dennis Quirke | 225 | 0.75 | 74 | 0.24 | ||||
| Progressive Green | Allan Williams | 192 | 0.64 | 102 | 0.34 | ||||
| McGillicuddy Serious | Adrian Holroyd | 183 | 0.61 | 102 | 0.34 | ||||
| Te Tawharau | Hawea Vercoe | 183 | 0.61 | 11 | 0.03 | ||||
| Natural Law | Frank Gwynne | 37 | 0.12 | 22 | 0.07 | ||||
| Legalise Cannabis | 417 | 1.40 | |||||||
| United NZ | 174 | 0.58 | |||||||
| Animals First | 52 | 0.17 | |||||||
| Green Society | 24 | 0.08 | |||||||
| Mana Māori | 22 | 0.07 | |||||||
| Ethnic Minority | 12 | 0.04 | |||||||
| Superannuitants & Youth | 12 | 0.04 | |||||||
| Libertarianz | 3 | 0.01 | |||||||
| Asia Pacific | 2 | 0.00 | |||||||
| Advance NZ | 1 | 0.00 | |||||||
| Informal votes | 198 | 80 | |||||||
| Total valid votes | 29,783 | 29,783 | |||||||
| National hold | Majority | 5,896 | 19.79 | ||||||
1993 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Paul East | 5,893 | 34.18 | −22.69 | |
| Alliance | Keith Ridings | 5,464 | 31.69 | ||
| Labour | John Chadwick | 5,018 | 29.10 | ||
| Christian Heritage | B Kohath | 374 | 2.16 | ||
| Independent | Reg Turner | 164 | 0.95 | ||
| McGillicuddy Serious | Graeme Cairns | 147 | 0.85 | ||
| Defence Movement | R Reed | 133 | 0.77 | ||
| Natural Law | Martin Sharp | 47 | 0.27 | ||
| Majority | 429 | 2.48 | −28.38 | ||
| Turnout | 17,240 | 80.65 | −0.66 | ||
| Registered electors | 21,376 | ||||
1990 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Paul East | 9,710 | 56.87 | +1.22 | |
| Labour | Bruce Raitt | 4,440 | 26.00 | ||
| Green | Ronald Reed | 1,732 | 10.14 | ||
| NewLabour | Kevin John Goddard | 725 | 4.24 | ||
| Independent | Clifford Owen Lee | 229 | 1.34 | ||
| Social Credit | Margaret Lynley Crosby | 170 | 0.99 | ||
| Democrats | Trevor Barnard | 66 | 0.38 | ||
| Majority | 5,270 | 30.86 | +17.29 | ||
| Turnout | 17,072 | 81.31 | −11.99 | ||
| Registered electors | 20,995 | ||||
1987 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Paul East | 9,883 | 55.32 | +10.17 | |
| Labour | Rosemary Michie | 7,458 | 41.74 | ||
| Democrats | H O Dassler | 523 | 2.92 | ||
| Majority | 2,425 | 13.57 | +9.39 | ||
| Turnout | 17,864 | 93.30 | −7.75 | ||
| Registered electors | 19,145 | ||||
1984 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Paul East | 8,746 | 45.15 | −0.20 | |
| Labour | Brian Arps | 7,935 | 40.96 | ||
| NZ Party | Ross Alan Aubertin | 2,094 | 10.81 | ||
| Social Credit | Kevin Douglas Steele | 594 | 3.06 | ||
| Majority | 811 | 4.18 | −4.90 | ||
| Turnout | 19,369 | 101.05 | +13.53 | ||
| Registered electors | 19,167 | ||||
1981 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Paul East | 7,709 | 45.35 | +1.14 | |
| Labour | Johnny W. Lepper | 6,165 | 36.26 | ||
| Social Credit | J L Doel | 3,124 | 18.37 | ||
| Majority | 1,544 | 9.08 | −2.76 | ||
| Turnout | 16,998 | 87.52 | +17.49 | ||
| Registered electors | 19,421 | ||||
1978 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Paul East | 7,126 | 44.21 | ||
| Labour | Peter Tapsell | 6,106 | 37.88 | +1.82 | |
| Social Credit | Graeme John Eustace | 2,565 | 15.91 | ||
| Values | Margaret Jane Larsen | 321 | 1.99 | ||
| Majority | 1,020 | 6.32 | |||
| Turnout | 16,118 | 70.03 | −15.24 | ||
| Registered electors | 23,013 | ||||
1975 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Harry Lapwood | 11,561 | 52.40 | +3.94 | |
| Labour | Peter Tapsell | 7,956 | 36.06 | ||
| Social Credit | C F Smith | 1,617 | 7.33 | ||
| Values | Lois McKinnon | 925 | 4.19 | ||
| Majority | 3,605 | 16.34 | +11.58 | ||
| Turnout | 22,059 | 85.27 | −3.33 | ||
| Registered electors | 25,868 | ||||
1972 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Harry Lapwood | 7,997 | 48.46 | −1.44 | |
| Labour | N F Pachoud | 7,211 | 43.70 | ||
| Social Credit | R W Johnson | 903 | 5.47 | ||
| New Democratic | R O Fairweather | 330 | 2.00 | −5.89 | |
| Liberal Reform | C J Tapper | 59 | 0.35 | ||
| Majority | 786 | 4.76 | −2.93 | ||
| Turnout | 16,500 | 88.60 | +0.59 | ||
| Registered electors | 18,623 | ||||
1969 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Harry Lapwood | 7,772 | 49.90 | −1.42 | |
| Labour | Charles Bennett | 6,574 | 42.20 | ||
| Social Credit | R O Fairweather | 1,229 | 7.89 | ||
| Majority | 1,198 | 7.69 | −8.14 | ||
| Turnout | 15,575 | 88.01 | +5.57 | ||
| Registered electors | 17,695 | ||||
1966 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Harry Lapwood | 7,450 | 51.32 | −1.20 | |
| Labour | Frank Knipe | 5,152 | 35.50 | ||
| Social Credit | Edith Janette Lamason | 2,465 | 16.98 | +6.75 | |
| Majority | 2,298 | 15.83 | +0.56 | ||
| Turnout | 14,514 | 82.44 | −7.88 | ||
| Registered electors | 17,605 | ||||
1963 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Harry Lapwood | 7,623 | 52.52 | +5.69 | |
| Labour | James Phillip Cranston | 5,406 | 37.25 | ||
| Social Credit | Edith Janette Lamason | 1,485 | 10.23 | ||
| Majority | 2,217 | 15.27 | +13.13 | ||
| Turnout | 14,514 | 90.32 | +0.62 | ||
| Registered electors | 16,068 | ||||
1960 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Harry Lapwood | 7,831 | 46.83 | ||
| Labour | Ray Boord | 7,473 | 44.69 | −8.59 | |
| Social Credit | C R Tunnicliffe | 1,416 | 8.46 | ||
| Majority | 358 | 2.14 | |||
| Turnout | 16,720 | 89.70 | −3.73 | ||
| Registered electors | 18,638 | ||||
1957 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Ray Boord | 8,204 | 53.28 | +4.76 | |
| National | Murray Linton | 6,195 | 40.23 | ||
| Social Credit | Herbert James Buckingham | 998 | 6.48 | ||
| Majority | 2,009 | 13.04 | +7.51 | ||
| Turnout | 15,397 | 93.43 | −1.14 | ||
| Registered electors | 16,479 | ||||
1954 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Ray Boord | 7,211 | 48.52 | ||
| National | Percy Allen | 6,389 | 42.99 | ||
| Social Credit | Hubert C. McCready | 1,261 | 8.48 | ||
| Majority | 822 | 5.53 | |||
| Turnout | 14,861 | 94.57 | |||
| Registered electors | 15,714 | ||||
1943 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National | Geoffrey Sim | 5,304 | 49.74 | ||
| Labour | Alexander Moncur | 4,589 | 43.03 | −14.23 | |
| Democratic Labour | William Henry Tong | 521 | 4.88 | ||
| Real Democracy | Tom Godfrey Burnham | 164 | 1.53 | ||
| Informal votes | 85 | 0.79 | +0.12 | ||
| Majority | 715 | 6.70 | |||
| Turnout | 10,663 | 92.29 | +0.62 | ||
| Registered electors | 11,553 | ||||
1938 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Alexander Moncur | 6,211 | 57.26 | +14.12 | |
| National | Henry William Nixon | 4,563 | 42.06 | ||
| Informal votes | 73 | 0.67 | +0.11 | ||
| Majority | 1,648 | 15.19 | +2.39 | ||
| Turnout | 10,847 | 91.67 | +3.03 | ||
| Registered electors | 11,832 | ||||
1935 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labour | Alexander Moncur | 4,894 | 43.14 | +10.60 | |
| Independent | Frederick Doidge | 3,442 | 30.34 | ||
| United | Cecil Clinkard | 2,785 | 24.55 | −8.60 | |
| Democrat | H. Hugh Corbin[44] | 223 | 1.97 | ||
| Informal votes | 64 | 0.56 | −0.08 | ||
| Majority | 1,452 | 12.80 | +12.19 | ||
| Turnout | 11,408 | 88.64 | +8.81 | ||
| Registered electors | 12,870 | ||||
1931 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United | Cecil Clinkard | 3,117 | 33.15 | −10.34 | |
| Labour | Alexander Moncur | 3,060 | 32.54 | ||
| Independent | Edward Earle Vaile | 1,815 | 19.30 | ||
| Country Party | D R F Campbell[46] | 1,411 | 15.01 | ||
| Informal votes | 61 | 0.64 | −0.84 | ||
| Majority | 57 | 0.61 | −1.80 | ||
| Turnout | 9,464 | 79.83 | −4.27 | ||
| Registered electors | 11,855 | ||||
1928 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United | Cecil Clinkard[48] | 3,617 | 43.49 | +21.59 | |
| Reform | Frank Hockly | 3,417 | 41.08 | −18.61 | |
| Labour | A. G. Christopher[48] | 659 | 7.92 | ||
| Country Party | S. H. Judd | 624 | 7.50 | ||
| Informal votes | 125 | 1.48 | +0.91 | ||
| Majority | 200 | 2.40 | −35.39 | ||
| Turnout | 8,442 | 84.10 | −5.34 | ||
| Registered electors | 10,038 | ||||
1925 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reform | Frank Hockly | 4,384 | 59.69 | +6.54 | |
| Liberal | Cecil Clinkard | 1,608 | 21.90 | −24.95 | |
| Labour | John William Sumner[50] | 1,148 | 15.63 | ||
| Country Party | Frank Colbeck[mb 1] | 204 | 2.78 | ||
| Informal votes | 42 | 0.57 | −0.53 | ||
| Majority | 2,776 | 37.80 | +31.50 | ||
| Turnout | 7,386 | 89.44 | −1.11 | ||
| Registered electors | 8,258 | ||||
Table footnotes:
- ^ For biographical details of Frank Colbeck, please refer to his father's article
1922 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reform | Frank Hockly | 3,407 | 53.15 | +2.70 | |
| Liberal | Cecil Clinkard[51] | 3,003 | 46.85 | ||
| Informal votes | 71 | 1.10 | −0.22 | ||
| Majority | 404 | 6.30 | −20.53 | ||
| Turnout | 6,481 | 90.55 | +8.83 | ||
| Registered electors | 7,157 | ||||
1919 election
edit| Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reform | Frank Hockly | 3,258 | 50.45 | ||
| Liberal | Malcolm Larney[53] | 1,525 | 23.61 | ||
| Labour | George Thomas Jones | 854 | 13.22 | ||
| Independent | W. C. Hewitt | 497 | 7.70 | ||
| Independent | Patrick Keegan[54][nb 1] | 324 | 5.02 | ||
| Majority | 1,733 | 26.83 | |||
| Informal votes | 86 | 1.31 | |||
| Turnout | 6,544 | 81.73 | |||
| Registered electors | 8,007 | ||||
Table footnotes:
- ^ Some sources list Keegan as an Independent Reform Party supporter
Notes
edit- ^ Compared to ONE Party
- ^ 2017 Internet Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with Mana Party in the 2014 election
- ^ 2017 Mana Party swing is relative to the votes for Internet-Mana in 2014; it shared a party list with the Internet Party in the 2014 election
References
edit- ^ Profile of Todd McClay on New Zealand Parliament website.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 75–80.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 78f.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 82f.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 86f.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 90f.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 94f.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 99f.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 95–100.
- ^ McRobie 1989, p. 99.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 90, 98.
- ^ “Average” Māori – who is she? Te Puni Kōkiri: Kōkiri 1, 2007
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 79–95.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 38–75.
- ^ "The General Election". Auckland Star. Vol. LIII, no. 53. 4 March 1922. p. 6. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- ^ "The Election Campaign". The Press. Vol. LVIII, no. 17607. 9 November 1922. p. 14. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
- ^ a b Hislop, J. (1923). The General Election, 1922. Government Printer. p. 2. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- ^ Wilson 1985, p. 234.
- ^ Wilson 1985, p. 184.
- ^ Wilson 1985, pp. 184, 211.
- ^ Wilson 1985, p. 211.
- ^ "Part III – Party Lists of Successful Registered Parties" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
- ^ "Electorate Candidate and Party Votes Recorded at Each Polling Place – Rotorua, 1996" (PDF). Retrieved 16 November 2013.
- ^ "Official Count Results - Rotorua". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 14 November 2023.
- ^ "Official Count Results - Rotorua". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 14 November 2020.
- ^ "Official Count Results – Rotorua". Wellington: New Zealand Electoral Commission. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
- ^ Official Count Results – Rotorua, 2014
- ^ Official Count Results – Rotorua, 2011
- ^ "Enrolment statistics". Electoral Commission. 26 November 2011. Retrieved 27 November 2011.
- ^ Official Count Results – Rotorua, 2008
- ^ Official Count Results – Rotorua, 2005
- ^ Official Count Results - Rotorua, 2002
- ^ Official Count Results - Electorate - Rotorua, 1999
- ^ Official Count Results - Party Vote - Rotorua, 1999
- ^ "Rotorua 46" (PDF). Electoral Commission. Retrieved 26 March 2022.
- ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1993. p. 97.
- ^ Part 1: Votes recorded at each polling place (Technical report). New Zealand Chief Electoral Office. 1990. p. 101.
- ^ a b c Norton 1988, p. 340.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Norton 1988, p. 339.
- ^ "The General Election, 1943". National Library. 1944. p. 11. Retrieved 28 March 2014.
- ^ "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. 80, no. 24714. 14 October 1943. p. 6. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
- ^ "The General Election, 1938". National Library. 1939. pp. 1–6. Retrieved 8 February 2012.
- ^ "General Election". The Evening Post. Vol. CXX, no. 138. 7 December 1935. p. 11. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
- ^ Tunnicliff, Shirley. "Lorelle Henderson Corbin". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
- ^ The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. 1932. p. 4. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ^ "General Election". Auckland Star. Vol. LXII, no. 264. 7 November 1931. p. 11. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
- ^ The General Election, 1928. Government Printer. 1929. p. 5. Retrieved 29 November 2014.
- ^ a b "The Rotorua Seat". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LXV, no. 20102. 13 November 1928. p. 16. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
- ^ The General Election, 1925. Government Printer. 1926. p. 2. Retrieved 20 November 2014.
- ^ "New Zealand Alliance". Auckland Star. Vol. LVI, no. 259. 2 November 1925. p. 16. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
- ^ "Liberals Foregather". Auckland Star. Vol. LIII, no. 300. 19 December 1922. p. 7. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
- ^ Hislop, J. (1921). The General Election, 1919. National Library. p. 2. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
- ^ "Rotorua Seat". Auckland Star. Vol. L, no. 282. 27 November 1919. p. 11. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
- ^ "Interprovincial". Poverty Bay Herald. Vol. XLVI, no. 15041. 16 October 1919. p. 3. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Norton, Clifford (1988). New Zealand Parliamentary Election Results 1946–1987: Occasional Publications No 1, Department of Political Science. Wellington: Victoria University of Wellington. ISBN 0-475-11200-8.
- Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1984 (4th ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103.
External links
edit- Electorate Profile Parliamentary Library