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Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa

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The Archdiocese of Genoa (Latin: Archidioecesis Ianuensis) is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. Erected in the 3rd century, it was elevated to an archdiocese on 20 March 1133.[1] The archdiocese of Genoa was, in 1986, united with the Diocese of Bobbio-San Colombano, forming the Archdiocese of Genoa-Bobbio; however a split in 1989 renamed it the "Archdiocese of Genoa." [2][3]

Archdiocese of Genoa

Archidioecesis Ianuensis
Cathedral of San Lorenzo, Genoa
Location
CountryItaly
Ecclesiastical provinceGenoa
Statistics
Area966 km2 (373 sq mi)
Population
- Total
- Catholics		(as of 2016)
800,574
672,482 (84.0%)
Information
DenominationCatholic
Sui iuris churchLatin Church
RiteRoman Rite
Established3rd Century
CathedralCattedrale di S. Lorenzo
Secular priests273 (diocesan)
220 (Religious Orders)
30 Permanent Deacons
Current leadership
PopeFrancis
ArchbishopMarco Tasca, OFM Conv
Bishops emeritusTarcisio Bertone, SDB
Angelo Bagnasco
Map
Website
chiesadigenova.it

The Archdiocese of Genoa is a metropolitan archdiocese, the suffragan dioceses in its ecclesiastical province are the Diocese of Albenga-Imperia, Diocese of Chiavari, Diocese of La Spezia-Sarzana-Brugnato, Diocese of Savona-Noli, Diocese of Tortona, and Diocese of Ventimiglia-San Remo.

Territory

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The territory of the Archidiocese covers 967 km² and includes, fully or in part, the following municipalities (in two Italian Regions, Liguria and Piedmont, as a legacy of the territory of the former Republic of Genoa):[4]

History

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During the 9th century the entire coast of Liguria was threatened by repeated incursions of Saracen raiders. The people were enslaved, driven off or killed. The danger to church property grew so severe that, c. 878, Bishop Sabatinus of Genoa had the remains of S. Romulus removed from his tomb in Villa Matutiana (San Remo) and brought to Genoa and placed in the crypt of the Cathedral of San Lorenzo in Genoa.[5] Muslims from North Africa thoroughly sacked Genoa in 934–935, and the site was probably abandoned for a few years.[6] In 980, when the threat of the Saracens had receded, Bishop Teodulfus, seeing that the devastated lands were recovering and that the decima tax was able to be collected again, donated the income of those lands to the maintenance of the Canons of the Cathedral (nostrorum cardinalium clericorum mancipamus usui).[7]

In October 1118, Pope Gelasius II arrived in Genoa from Pisa, having fled from the violence of the Frangipani family in Rome. On 10 October he consecrated the church of Ss. Lorenzo e Siro in Genoa.[8]

An Archbishopric

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In 1130 the diocese of Genoa faced a series of crises. In Rome, Pope Honorius II died on 13 February 1130. Two separate conclaves were held, and each elected a pope, Anacletus II (Petrus Pierleoni) and Innocent II (Gregorius Papareschi). Both sides immediately appealed for recognition and support from the King of the Romans, Lothair of Supplinburg. At the time, Lothair was in a fierce struggle for the imperial crown against Conrad III (Hohenstaufen) who had been crowned King of Italy with the Iron Crown of Lombardy by Archbishop Anselm of Milan in 1128. For this act he and the city of Milan were placed under papal interdict.[9] Innocent was not able to maintain himself in Rome against the opposition of the majority of the Cardinals, of the clergy, of the nobility, and of the people of Rome, though for a time he held the Trastevere; in May or June he fled the City, and arrived in Pisa c. 20 June, and on 2 August he was in Genoa. Meanwhile, in Milan, Archbishop Anselm had announced his support for Pope Anacletus, though a substantial number of Milanese objected to his choice and campaigned for Innocent. The opposition was led by the Archpriest, Stephanus Guandeca, who brought the people around to repudiating Anacletus, recognizing Innocent, and deposing Anselm.

The Annales Genuenses of Caffaro di Caschifellone, a contemporary of Bishop Syrus, states that Pope Innocent was present when Syrus was elected Bishop of Genoa, but that he was consecrated in the same year by Pope Innocent at Sanctus Egidius (near the later city of Montpellier).[10] Archbishop Jacobus de Voragine, however, seems to say that Innocent consecrated Syrus Bishop of Genoa when he was staying in Genoa.[11] At the time of his election as bishop, Syrus was already a Cardinal of the Holy Roman Church,[12] having been named by Innocent himself earlier in the year 1130.[13] In any case, Pope Innocent and his Court were transported to southern France by the galleys of the Genoese navy, for which the Pope was grateful. It was one of the considerations in his naming the bishops of Genoa to the rank of archbishop.

Pope Innocent returned to Italy in April 1132, and took up residence in Pisa in January 1133. The See of Milan was vacant, and Pope Innocent took the opportunity, on 20 March 1133, to remove Genoa from the Metropolitanate of Milan, and create a new Metropolitanate at Genoa, with Syrus as its first Archbishop.[14] Five days later, the Pope wrote again, extending the use of the pallium and naming Syrus and his successors Commendatory Abbots of the monastery of S. Syro.[15] The new suffragans of the Metropolitanate of Genoa were: Mariana, Nebbio, and Accia (on Corsica); Bobbio, and Brugnato (newly created), to which was added the diocese of Albenga, formerly in the Metropolitanate of Milan.[16]

According to Pope Innocent II's bull, the archbishop of Genoa was to be consecrated only by the pope. This stipulation was changed by Pope Alexander III in a bull of 9 April 1161, which specified that the archbishop of Genoa, like the archbishop of Pisa, was to be consecrated by his suffragan bishops.[17] Another bull of 25 March 1162 repeated the order.[18]

Failed election

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In 1288, on the death of Archbishop Bernardus, the Chapter met and conducted several ballots to choose his successor. They were unsuccessful in coalescing around a candidate, and therefore appointed a committee of four Canons to choose the next Archbishop. The four members, Nicolinus de Camilla, Jacobus de Voragine, Thedisius Fieschi, and Ottobono Spinola, were unable to come to an agreement, and therefore resigned the choice to the Pope. On 4 June 1288, Pope Nicholas IV appointed as Administrator of the diocese of Genoa the current Latin Patriarch of Antioch, Obizzo Fieschi, a nephew of Pope Innocent IV, who had been driven out of his own diocese by the Saracens (propter Agarenorum perfidiam). In 1292, Opizzo Fieschi resigned, and Pope Nicholas appointed Jacobus de Voragine to the Archbishopric of Genoa.[19]

A Pope in Genoa

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Urban VI, who represented the "Roman Obedience" at the beginning of the Great Western Schism (1378–1417), had been intriguing to set up a principality for his nephew Butillo in the Kingdom of Naples. He helped Charles of Durazzo to overthrow Queen Johanna of Naples, and then crowned him in Rome in 1381. The Pope's interference in Neapolitan affairs, however, caused King Charles and a number of Urban's cardinals to create a plan to remove Urban from power because of his incapacity, and institute a Council of Regency. In response Urban imprisoned and tortured six cardinals, but Charles responded by besieging the Pope in the town of Nocera (Lucera).[20] During the siege, on 12 January 1385, the Pope had Cardinal Joannes de Amelia executed.[21]

On 7 July 1385, Urban managed to escape. During his flight the horse of the Bishop of Aquila went lame, and the Pope ordered the bishop to be killed.[22] His intended refuge, the papal city of Benevento, refused to receive him. He broke his way in, extracted money from the inhabitants, and made arrangements with the captains of the Genoese galleys who were standing off Naples to take his party on board and convey them to Genoa.[23] A rendezvous had to take place on the eastern coast of southern Italy, since the western coast was in the hands of Charles of Durazzo. When they arrived at Barletta, they found that it too had joined Charles. It was only off the beach near Trani that the papal party was taken aboard ten Genoese galleys and transported to Genoa. On 23 September 1385 the galleys arrived in Genoa. Urban took up residence in the Hospital of Saint John, which he did not leave during his entire stay in the city. The five cardinals whom he held under arrest were with him. He had several members of his Curia arrested and tortured because he suspected that they were trying to liberate the cardinals.[24]

The Genoese them presented the bill to the Pope for his rescue operation, amounting to 80,000 florins. The Pope assigned to the Genoese the city of Corneto, a seaport in the Patrimony of Saint Peter, as payment. After more than a year in Genoa, the Doge of Genoa urged the Pope to find other accommodations, since strife between papal supporters and the inhabitants of the city were a constant threat to the Republic. Before he departed in December 1386, Pope Urban had four of his cardinal prisoners executed. Only Cardinal Adam de Easton escaped, because of the personal intervention of Richard II of England.[25]

Cathedral and Chapter

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At the beginning of the 18th century, the Chapter of the Cathedral of S. Lorenzo was composed of five dignities and twelve Canons. The dignities were: the Provost, the Archdeacon, the Archpriest, the Majusculus, and the Primicerius.[26] The Archdeacon and Archpriest are already found in 980 under Bishop Teodulfus.[27]

Pope Innocent VIII had once been Provost of the Cathedral Chapter.[28]

Synods

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A diocesan synod was an irregular but important meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See.

The earliest known diocesan synod took place in 1216, according to Jacobus de Voragine, immediately after the return of Bishop Otto from the Fourth Lateran Council. The bishop explained to his clergy what had been decided, and ordered the decisions of the Council to be observed. The earliest known provincial synod took place in the Cathedral of S. Lorenzo in 1294, according to Jacobus. The remains of S. Syro, the alleged first bishop of Genoa, were solemnly recognized and enshrined beneath the altar of S. Lorenzo.[29]

In 1310, Archbishop Porchetto Spinola (1299–1321) held a provincial synod, in which the Statutes of Genoa pertaining to the imprisonment of persons for unpaid debts, including clerics, was debated.[30] Archbishop Andrea della Torre (1368–1377) held a synod in 1375.[31] On 10 January 1421, Archbishop Pileo de' Marini (1400–1433) held a diocesan synod, which was chiefly concerned with the lives and conduct of the clergy.

In 1567, shortly after his installation as Archbishop, Cipriano Pallavicino (1567–1586) held a provincial synod in order to introduce into the Statutes of the diocese canons for reform, in accordance with the decrees of the Council of Trent. These revised Statutes, which were published in 1575 and twice reissued, in 1605 and 1727, were in use for more than two centuries.[32]

On 1 September 1588, under Cardinal Antonio Sauli (1586–1591), the Perpetual Administrator of the diocese of Genoa, a diocesan synod was held. The Cardinal ordered the rectors and curates of the churches to read one chapter of the Constitutions to the people on every feast day.[33] Archbishop Orazio Spínola (1600–1616) held his first diocesan synod on 6 October 1604. The proceedings were published. Archbishop Domenico de' Marini (1616–1635) held his first diocesan synod on 16 February 1619. Cardinal Stefano Durazzo (1635–1664) held a diocesan synod on 21 April 1643.[34]

A diocesan synod was also held on 6 May 1683, with Archbishop Giulio Vincentio Gentili and Pope Innocent XI taking part. A synod was also held on 11–13 September 1838.[35]

Bishops of Genoa

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  • Diogenes (attested 381)[36]
[Salomone][37]
[Appellinus (c. 617)][42]
...
  • Mansuetus[43]
  • Sigibertus
  • Petrus (c. 864)[44]
  • Sabbatinus (attested 876, 877)[45]
...
  • Rapertus (c. 916 ?)[46]
  • Teodulfus (c. 945–after 980)[47]
  • Joannes (c. 985 – c. 993)[48]
...
Sede vacante (1120–1123)
  • Sigifredus (1123–1129)[56]
  • Syrus (1130–1163)[57]

Archbishops of Genoa

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Parishes

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Of the diocese's 278 parishes, most are in the Province of Genoa, Liguria; the rest are in the Province of Alessandria, Piedmont. For a listing of parishes by province and commune see List of parishes of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Genoa.[109][full citation needed] In 2013, there was one priest for every 1,248 Catholics; in 2016, there was one priest of every 1,364 Catholics.

Notes and references

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  1. ^ Kehr, p. 266 no. 5.
  2. ^ "Archdiocese of Genova {Genoa}" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved September 28, 2016
  3. ^ "Metropolitan Archdiocese of Genova" GCatholic.org. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved September 28, 2016
  4. ^ "VICARIATI E PARROCCHIE – Arcidiocesi di Genova". www.chiesadigenova.it. Retrieved 2023-10-31.
  5. ^ Banchero, pp. 12, 58-59, 213
  6. ^ Steven A. Epstein (2001). Genoa and the Genoese, 958-1528. Univ of North Carolina Press. pp. 14–16. ISBN 978-0-8078-4992-7.
  7. ^ Banchero, pp. 12, 213.
  8. ^ Ughelli, IV, p. 851. Semeria, p. 50.
  9. ^ Pietro Verri (1834). Storia di Milano (in Italian). Vol. Tomo 1. Milano: Societa tipografica de' classici italiani. pp. 183–186.
  10. ^ Cappelletti, p. 319. Other Genoese prelates were summoned to S. Egidio in 1130 to do business, including Aldeb ert, abbot of S. Syro. Kehr, p. 280 nos. 4-8.
  11. ^ ...Innocentius Papa Secundus Januae consistens, cum sedes Ianuensis tunc vacaret, ipsum Ianuensi ecclesie in episcopum ordinavit. Muratori, Rerum Italicarum Scriptores, Tomus IX (Milan: Societas Palatina 1726), p. 37.
  12. ^ A cardinal of the Roman Church is not to be confused with a cardinal of the Church of Genoa. The title of cardinal is attached to the Canons of the Cathedral of Genoa as early as 980, in a document of Bishop Teodulfus. Banchero, pp. 12, 213-214. In the document Bishop Teodulfus says, Ut autem huius nostri decreti scriptum omni tempore firmum habeat roborem manu propria firmantes nostres presentibus clericis omnibus consensu subscribentibus nostro cardinali presbitero Broningo scribendum tradidimus....
  13. ^ Barbara Zenker, Die Mitglieder des Kardinalkollegiums von 1130 bis 1159 (Wurzburg 1964), pp. 192–193, no. 158. His Roman titular church is unknown. Archbishop Syrus issued a decree, granting a substantial income to the Canons of the Cathedral on 7 November 1132, calling himself Ecclesiae Januensis servus, et Episcopus licet indignus, atque Sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae Cardinal. Banchero, pp. 24-25, 241.
  14. ^ Semeria, pp. 56-57.
  15. ^ Kehr, p. 266 nos. 5 and 6. Innocent was writing from Grosseto.
  16. ^ V. Polonio, "Dalla diocesi all'arcidiocesi di Genova", in: Momenti di storia e arte religiosa in Liguria, Fonti e studi di storia ecclesiastica 3 (Genoa, 1963), pp. 1–57. (in Italian)
  17. ^ Atti della Società Ligure di Storia Patria (in Italian and Latin). Vol. II. Genova: Società Ligure di Storia Patria. 1870. p. 411.
  18. ^ Kehr, p. 268 no. 13.
  19. ^ Semeria, p. 66. Banchero, p. 66. Ernest Langlois, Les Registres de Nicolas IV Tome I (Paris: Fontemoing 1905), p. 23 no. 142.
  20. ^ J. N. D. Kelly, The Oxford Dictionary of Popes (Oxford 1986), p. 228.
  21. ^ Eubel, I, p. 23 no. 10.
  22. ^ Dietrich (von Nieheim) (1890). Georgius Erler (ed.). Theoderici de Nyem de scismate libri tres (in Latin). Leipzig: Veit. p. 101.
  23. ^ Gobelinus Persona (1900). Max Jansen (ed.). Cosmidromius Gobelini Person und als Anhang desselben Verfassers Processus translacionis et reformacionis monasterii Budecensis (in Latin). Aschendorff. p. 112.
  24. ^ Mandell Creighton (1907). A History of the Papacy from the Great Schism to the Sack of Rome. Vol. I (new, in 6 vols. ed.). London: Longmans, Green, and Company. pp. 93–95. Dietrich (Theoderic) of Nyem, p. 103.
  25. ^ Creighton, pp. 95-97. Eubel, I, p. 23 no. 10.
  26. ^ Ughelli, p. 831. Ritzler-Sefrin, V, p. 225 note 1.
  27. ^ Banchero, p. 214.
  28. ^ Banchero, p. 121.
  29. ^ Jacobus de Voragine, Chronicon Januense IX. 45 (col. 53 in Muratori's edition) (in Latin). Manno, p. 13. Peltier, Dictionnaire universel et complet des conciles (Paris 1846), pp. 951-952 (in French). G. Rossi, "Gli statuti della Liguria," Atti della Società ligure di storia patria Volume XIV (Genova 1878), pp. 120-123 (in Italian).
  30. ^ Rossi, pp. 121-122.
  31. ^ Manno, p. 13 column 2.
  32. ^ Manno, p. 122.
  33. ^ Sinodo diocesano di Genova fatto nel tempo dell'Illustris. et Reverendis. Sig. Card. Saoli, Perpetul Amministratore dell'Arcivescovato l'anno 1588 il primo di Settembre (Genova: appresso Girolamo Bartoli 1589). Rossi, p. 122. At the time of the synod, Cardinal Sauli was serving the Pope as Praefectus triremum et Legatus de latere ad classem perandam et paratae imperandum. ('Prefect of the galleys, and Papal Legate for preparing a fleet, and, once prepared, for leading it.') Eubel, Hierarchia catholica III, p. 52 note 3.
  34. ^ Rossi, p. 123. Manno, p. 13. Synodus dioecesana Januensis ab Eminentissimo et Rev.mo D. D. Stephano S. R. E. Presbytero Cardinali Duratio Januensi Archiepiscopo clelbrata anno Domini M•DC•XLIII die XXI Aprilis, et duobus sequentibus (Romae: Typographia Rev. Camerae Apostolicae 1643).
  35. ^ Manno, p. 14.
  36. ^ Diogenes was present at the provincial council of Aquileia in 381. J. D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus III (Florence: A. Zatta 1759), p. 600. Grassi, p. 4. Lanzoni, p. 835. The eight bishops following Diogenes and Paschasius (in parentheses) in the list of Gams, p. 815, have no historical foundation, destituti d'ogni prova, as Lanzoni indicates at p. 840.
  37. ^ There is no mention of a Salomone in connection with Genoa until 1584, when Cardinal Cesare Baronio inserted his name in his edition of the Roman Martyrology. Salomo was actually a bishop of Geneva in the fifth century. Grassi, p. 4. Lanzoni, p. 839.
  38. ^ Paschasius was present at a synod of Archbishop Eusebius of Milan in 451, and signed the synodal letter sent to Pope Leo I. Grassi, p. 4. Lanzoni, p. 835.
  39. ^ Felix belongs at the end of the 5th century, according to Grassi, p. 4.
  40. ^ Pope Gregory I (590–604), in his Dialogues (IV. 53), refers to Syrus as a martyr. Grassi suggests, p. 4 col. 2, that he belongs after 523. Lanzoni, pp. 836–837, no. 5.
  41. ^ Lanzoni, p. 838, points out that there is no chronological indication of the dates of Remo's episcopate, and that Semeria (p. 27), followed by Gams, places him in 641 on insufficient evidence.
  42. ^ Gams lists him as a schismatic bishop of Genoa. Lanzoni, p. 840, points out that he was actually a bishop of Geneva, not Genoa.
  43. ^ Mansuetus: Grassi, p. 6.
  44. ^ Bishop Petrus attended a provincial synod in Milan in 863 or 864. Grassi, p. 6.
  45. ^ Bishop Sabbatinus was present at the Council of Pavia in 876, and the Council of Ravenna in 877. Semeria, p. 39. Grassi, p. 6.
  46. ^ Rapertus (Lambertus): Grassi, pp. 8-9. Ughelli, p. 841, places him c. 968-972. Gams, p. 815, has a Rambertus with a date of 889 and a Lambertus with the date of 968. The dates of the alleged Lambertus conflict with the known dates of Bishop Teodulfus.
  47. ^ Grassi, pp. 11-12. A document signed by Bishop Teodulfus in 980 states that he was in his thirty-third year as bishop. Banchero, p. 214.
  48. ^ Joannes: Gams, p. 815 col. 1. Banchero, p. 60. Grassi, pp. 14-16.
  49. ^ Grassi, p. 29.
  50. ^ Grassi, pp. 29-32.
  51. ^ Grassi, pp. 27-29.
  52. ^ Conradus: Ughelli, pp. 845-846.
  53. ^ Under Bishop Augurius (Ogerius) the purported remains of John the Baptist, taken from Myra in Lycia, were received and enshrined in the Cathedral. Ughelli, pp. 846-847.
  54. ^ Airardus died on 6 August 1117. Grassi, pp. 33-38.
  55. ^ Otto: Ughelli, pp. 850-857. Grassi, p. 38.
  56. ^ Bishop Sigfried died on 17 July 1129. Grassi, p. 38.
  57. ^ Syrus was elected bishop at the beginning of August 1130, and promoted to the status of Metropolitan and Archbishop on 20 March 1133. He died on 30 October 1163. Cappelletti, pp. 319-332. Gams, p. 815.
  58. ^ Bishop Ugo attended the Third Lateran Council in March 1179. He died on 12 June 1188. Semeria, pp. 61-66. Cappelletti, pp. 332-340.
  59. ^ Boniface had been Archdeacon of Genoa, by 1180. He was elected Archbishop in 1188. He engaged in a lively confrontation with the Cathedral Chapter, which was settled in 1201 by the mediation of papal delegates, bishop Alberto of Vercelli and the Cistercian Abbot Peter of Lucedio. He died on 22 September 1203. Ughelli, pp. 872-876. Banchero, p. 64.
  60. ^ Archbishop Otto, a native of Alessandria, had already been Bishop of Bobbio. His transfer was requested by the Church of Genoa on 23 September 1203. He was transferred to the See of Genoa by Pope Innocent III on 18 November 1203. It was under Archbishop Otto that the conflict with the diocese of Albenga was finally settled, and Albenga was forced to become a suffragan of Genoa. Otto died 30 October 1239. Semera, pp. 63-64. Banchero, pp. 64-65. Eubel, Hierarchia catholica I, p. 281.
  61. ^ Giovanni di Corgno had been Archdeacon of the Church of Genoa, and had training as a physician. He was consecrated in Rome by Pope Gregory IX. Semeria, ppl. 64-65. Eubel, I, p. 281.
  62. ^ Gualterio: Banchero, p. 65. Eubel, I, p. 281.
  63. ^ Bernardo: Banchero, p. 65. Eubel, I, p. 281.
  64. ^ Jacopo was consecrated in Rome by Cardinal Latino Orsini on 13 April 1292. Semeria, pp. 66-71.
  65. ^ A native of Genoa, Spinola was approved by Pope Boniface VIII on 3 February 1299. He died on 30 May 1321. Ughelli, pp. 888-889. Semeria, pp. 72-73. Banchero, p. 68. Eubel, I, p. 281. The story that Pope Boniface VIII threw Ash Wednesday ashes in the eyes of Spinola, calling him a Ghibbeline, is explicitly rejected by Semeria.
  66. ^ A native of Reggio di Lombardia, Maroni had been Archpriest of S. Stefano in Sestri di Levante, and was a Canon of the Cathedral. He was elected by the Cathedral Chapter, and then provided by Pope John XXII on 18 July 1321, who consecrated him a bishop in Avignon. He died on 13 December 1335. Banchero, pp. 68-69. Eubel, I, p. 281. On his death, the Genoese Senate petitioned to have Gotifredus Spinola made Archbishop, but Pope Benedict XII chose otherwise.
  67. ^ Dino was a Tuscan, of the family of the Counts of Radicofani. He held the degree of Doctor of Canon Law. He had been Provost of the Cathedral Chapter of Genoa. He was transferred from the Patriarchate of Grado (1332–1337) to Genoa by Pope Benedict XII on 27 January 1337. He was transferred to the diocese of Pisa on 7 October 1342 by Pope Clement VI. He died in 1348. Ughelli, p. 889. Eubel I, pp. 266, 281, 400.
  68. ^ De Santa Vittoria: Eubel, I, p. 281 with note 8.
  69. ^ Bertrand had been a Canon of Toulon. He was appointed on 2 September 1349 by Pope Clement VI. Eubel, I, p. 281.
  70. ^ Scetten: Eubel, I, p. 281.
  71. ^ Della Torre: Eubel, I, p. 281.
  72. ^ Sacco: Eubel, I, p. 281.
  73. ^ Bartolomeo was named a cardinal by Pope Urban VI on 21 December 1381. The 'Cardinal of Genoa' was one of the cardinals who conspired to arrest Urban VI, and was put to the torture; but he volunteered to tell everything he knew in order to avoid the torture: Dietrich (Theoderic) of Nyem, p. 95 note 2, quoting the Sicilian Chronicle. Bartolomeo was one of the cardinals executed by Urban VI in Genoa in December 1386. Banchero, p. 71. Eubel, I, pp. 24 no. 28; 282.
  74. ^ Giacomo Fieschi: Eubel, I, p. 282.
  75. ^ Born in Genoa and a Canon of Padua, Marini was appointed by Boniface IX (Roman Obedience) on 30 November 1400. He was deposed by Benedict XIII when the French occupied Genoa. Benedict appointed Canon Giovanni di Godiliascio as Vicar General of the diocese. Marini attended the Council of Pisa, and was restored to his position by Alexander V (Pisan Obedience) on 8 August 1409. He attended the Council of Constance, and served as Procurator of Italy for Pope John XXIII. He held a diocesan synod in 1421. Ughelli, pp. 893-894. Banchero, p. 72. Semeria, pp. 75-79. Eubel, I, p. 282 with note 10.
  76. ^ Pietro (or Pietronzino) had been Bishop of Terdona (1394–1413), and Bishop of Novara (1413–1429). He was appointed Archbishop of Genoa by Pope Martin V on 4 November 1429. Banchero, p. 72. Eubel, I, p. 282, 372, 476 with note 8.
  77. ^ Fieschi: Eubel, Hierarchia catholica II, p. 167.
  78. ^ Imperiale: Semeria, p. 80. Eubel, II, p. 167.
  79. ^ Paolo di Campofregoso was named a cardinal by Pope Sixtus IV on 15 May 1480. Semeria, pp. 80-85. Eubel, II, p. 19, no. 24; 167.
  80. ^ Costa was named a cardinal by Pope Sixtus IV on 18 December 1476. Cardinal Campofregoso resigned in favor of Cardinal Costa on 13 February 1495. Costa resigned on 29 July 1496. Eubel, II, pp. 17, no. 11; 167, note 4.
  81. ^ On the resignation of Cardinal Costa, Cardinal Campofregoso exercised his right of return, which had been negotiated at the time of his previous resignation. He died on 22 April 1498. Eubel, II, p. 19 no. 24.
  82. ^ Sforza: Eubel, II, p. 167.
  83. ^ Cybo: Eubel, III, p. 215.
  84. ^ Sauli: Eubel, III, p. 215 with note 4.
  85. ^ Salvago: Eubel, III, p. 215 with note 5.
  86. ^ Pallavicino: Eubel, III, p. 215 with note 6.
  87. ^ Sauli: Eubel, III, p. 215.
  88. ^ Centurione: Ughelli, pp. 902-903. Eubel, III, p. 215.
  89. ^ Rivarola: Ughelli, p. 903. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, p. 207 with note 2.
  90. ^ Spinola: Ughelli, pp. 903-905. Gauchat, p. 207 with note 3.
  91. ^ A priest of the diocese of Genoa, Marini was appointed a Referendary (judge) of the Tribune of the Two Signatures (Justice and Mercy). He was named Bishop of Albenga on 11 April 1611 by Pope Paul V. He was transferred to the diocese of Genoa on 18 July 1616. On 15 November 1627 he was named titular Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem by Pope Urban VIII and appointed governor of the City of Rome. He died in 1635. Banchero, p. 88 Semerio, I, pp. 257-258. Gauchat, Hierarchia catholica IV, pp. 75 with note 2; 203 with note 5; and 207. Ughelli, p. 905.
  92. ^ Durazzo: Ughelli-Colet, p. 906. Gauchat, p. 207 with note 5.
  93. ^ Spinola: Gauchat, p. 207 with note 6.
  94. ^ Gentile: Ritzler-Sefrin, V, p. 225 with note 3.
  95. ^ Spinola: Ritzler-Sefrin, V, p. 226 with note 4.
  96. ^ Fieschi was born in Genoa in 1642. He obtained the degree Doctor in utroque iure (Canon and Civil Law) from the Sapienza in Rome. He served as governor of Campania, Perugia and Macerata. He became secretary of the Sacred Congregation of Rites in 1689. He had been Archbishop of Avignon (1690–1705), and in 1691 was appointed temporarily Papal Legate in Avignon. He was transferred to the diocese of Genoa on 18 May 1705, and named a cardinal on 17 May 1706, with the titular church of Santa Maria della Pace. He died in Genoa on 1 May 1726. Semeria, pp. 102-103. Ritzler-Sefrin, V, pp. 24 no. 6; 109 with note 6; 226 with note 5.
  97. ^ Born in Albisola (Savona) in 1657, Franchi held the usual degree of master of theology. He was approved in Consistory by Pope Benedict XIII on 1 July 1726, and consecrated and invested with the pallium by the Pope on 7 July. He died on 20 February 1746. Semeria, p. 103. Ritzler-Sefrin, V, p. 226 with note 6.
  98. ^ Born in Genoa in 1691, Saporiti had been a Canon of the Cathedral Chapter of Genoa, and was an official of several Congregations in the Roman Curia. He was named titular Archbishop of Anazarbus (Turkey) and Coadjutor of Archbishop Franchi on 2 December 1743. He became Archbishop of Genoa on 20 February 1746, and was granted the pallium by Pope Benedict XIV on 9 March. He died on 14 April 1767. Semeria, pp. 104-110. Banchero, pp. 95-96. Ritzler-Sefrin, VI, p. 241 with note 2.
  99. ^ Lercari: Semeria, pp. 110-118. Banchero, pp. 96-97. Ritzler-Sefrin, VI, p. 241 with note 3.
  100. ^ Born in Sarzana, Spina obtained the degree Doctor in utroque iure (Civil and Canon Law) at the University of Pisa in 1780, and became a Referendary in the Tribunal of the Signature of Justice. In June 1798 he became Pope Pius VI's Majordomom and was named titular Archbishop of Corinth (1798–1802). He was consecrated a bishop at the Certosa in Florence on 20 September 1798 by Cardinal Francisco de Lorenzana. He accompanied Pius VI into exile in France, and was at his deathbed in Valence; he conducted the Pope's burial and reburial. On 23 February 1801 he was named a cardinal (secretly, in pectore), and the appointment was made public on 29 March 1802. He was appointed Archbishop of Genoa by Pope Pius VII on 24 May 1802. He resigned on 13 December 1816. He was made Suburbicarian Bishop of Palestrina on 21 February 1820. He died on 13 November 1828. Semeria, pp. 118-124. Ritzler-Sefrin, Hierarchia catholica VI, p. 183; VII, p. 220.
  101. ^ Boggiani: Harris M. Lentz III (2009). Popes and Cardinals of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary. McFarland. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-4766-2155-5.
  102. ^ Minoretti: Lentz (11 July 2015). Popes and Cardinals of the 20th Century: A Biographical Dictionary. McFarland. p. 127. ISBN 9781476621555.
  103. ^ Boetto: Martin Bräuer (2014). Handbuch der Kardinäle: 1846-2012 (in German). Berlin: De Gruyter. pp. 1911–1912. ISBN 978-3-11-037077-5.
  104. ^ Raimondo Spiazzi (1990). Il Cardinale Giuseppe Siri, Arcivescovo di Genova dal 1946 al 1987 (in Italian). Bologna: Edizioni Studio Domenicano. ISBN 978-88-7094-018-3. Bräuer, pp. 1950-1951.
  105. ^ Canestri: Bräuer, pp. 1996-1997.
  106. ^ "Rinunce e Nomine, 29.08.2006" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 29 August 2006. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  107. ^ "Rinunce e Nomine, 08.05.2020" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 8 May 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
  108. ^ "Rinunce e Nomine, 08.05.2020" (Press release) (in Italian). Holy See Press Office. 8 May 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  109. ^ Source: chiesacattolica.it Archived 2008-03-14 at the Wayback Machine (retrieved:2008-03-13)

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