The Koiarian languages /kɔɪˈɑːriən/[2] Koiari are a small family of Trans–New Guinea languages spoken in the "Bird's Tail" (southeastern peninsula) of New Guinea. They are classified within the Southeast Papuan branch of Trans–New Guinea.
| Koiarian | |
|---|---|
| Koiari – Managalas Plateau | |
| Geographic distribution | Southeastern peninsula of Papua New Guinea: Central Province and Oro Province |
| Linguistic classification | Trans–New Guinea
|
| Subdivisions |
|
| Language codes | |
| – | |
| Glottolog | koia1260 |
Languages
editThe languages are:
- Koiaric branch (Koiari): Grass Koiari, Mountain Koiari–Koitabu
- Baraic branch (Managalas Plateau): Barai–Namiae, Ese (Managalasi), Ömie
Dutton (2010) classifies the Koiarian languages as:[3]: 3
- Baraic
- Ömie
- Barai–Managalasi (incl. Namiae)
- Koiaric
Proto-language
editPronouns
editUsher (2020) reconstructs the pronouns as:[1]
sg pl 1 *na *no 2 *a *ja 3 *aɸu *[i/e]abu
Vocabulary
editThe following basic vocabulary words of Proto-Koiarian and other lower-level reconstructions are from the Trans-New Guinea database:[4]
gloss Proto-Koiarian Proto-Koiariac Proto-Baraic head *kina hair *fómo ear *gada eye *ni nose *uri tooth *gubai tongue *bitarV leg *díʔ- louse *ʔumu dog *to *(ʔ,k)uo pig *ofo *mafV bird *ugu[fa] egg *uni blood *taɣo bone *(ʔ)adV skin *vata breast *amu *m(u,o)sV tree *idí man *ata *baru woman *maɣina *nigi sun *vani *maja-; *ve moon *bata water *[i]do fire *vené stone *muni *Umari road, path *ɣuma name *ifí eat *i- one *(i,o)gau *Ogonu two *abu(t)i *inoki
Evolution
editKoiarian reflexes of proto-Trans-New Guinea (pTNG) etyma are:[5]
- muka ‘lump’ < *maŋgV ‘round object’
- uni ‘egg’ < *mun(a,i,u)ka
- idu ‘tree’ < *inda
- iya ‘cassowary’ < *ku(y)a
- karika ‘dry’ < *(ŋg,k)atata
- muni ‘stone < *(na)muna
- nana ‘older same-sex sibling’ < *nan(a,i)
- u-tuvu ‘ashes’ < *kambu-sumbu
- ata ‘bone’ < *kondaC
- muka ‘lump’ < *maŋgV ‘round object’
- iha ‘name’ < *imbi
- uma ‘louse’ < *iman
- uka ‘bird’ < *yaka
- tuua ‘short’ < *tukumba[C]
- muna ‘stone’ < *(na)muna
- ija ‘tree’ < *inda
- otoka ‘knee’ < *(k,ŋg)atuk
- kora ‘dry’ < *(ŋg,k)atata
Phonotactics
editLike the Binanderean languages, Barai and other Koiarian languages only allow for open syllables and do not allow final CVC.[5]: 87
References
edit- ^ a b New Guinea World, Owen Stanley Range
- ^ Laurie Bauer, 2007, The Linguistics Student’s Handbook, Edinburgh
- ^ Dutton, Tom. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family. (Pacific Linguistics, 610.) Canberra: Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University
- ^ Greenhill, Simon (2016). "TransNewGuinea.org - database of the languages of New Guinea". Retrieved 2020-11-05.
- ^ a b Pawley, Andrew; Hammarström, Harald (2018). "The Trans New Guinea family". In Palmer, Bill (ed.). The Languages and Linguistics of the New Guinea Area: A Comprehensive Guide. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 4. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 21–196. ISBN 978-3-11-028642-7.
Further reading
edit- Dutton, Tom. 2003. A dictionary of Koiari, Papua New Guinea, with grammar notes. Pacific Linguistics 534. Canberra: Australian National University.
- Proto-Koiarian. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- Proto-Koiariac. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.
- Proto-Baraic. TransNewGuinea.org. From Dutton, T.E. 2010. Reconstructing Proto Koiarian: The history of a Papuan language family, Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.