Procambarus zonangulus, the white river crawfish,[4] white river crayfish[5] or southern white river crayfish,[1][6] is a species of freshwater crayfish. It is a distinct but closely related species from Procambarus acutus, which is also known as white river crayfish and has a wider range.
| Procambarus zonangulus | |
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Suborder: | Pleocyemata |
| Family: | Cambaridae |
| Genus: | Procambarus |
| Species: | P. zonangulus
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| Binomial name | |
| Procambarus zonangulus | |
Distribution edit
Procambarus zonangulus was originally described from Jefferson County, Hardin County and Orange County, Texas, where it lives in streams,[6] but the species' natural distribution is unclear,[7] possibly including parts of Alabama, Louisiana and Mississippi.[4] It has also been introduced to other states, including Maryland[8] and West Virginia.[9][2]
Habitat edit
This is a species that especially thrives in seasonally flooded wetlands, preferably with actively flowing and well-oxygenated water. Outside of typical seasonal flood seasons they can be found in healthy streams and other strong oxygenated bodies of water.[10]
Description edit
General bauplan edit
P. zonangulus has all of the characteristics used to generally describe a freshwater species of crawfish. Their head is in an almost "tear-drop" like shape, connected to their carapace. On the head there is a set of antennas, followed by two sets of antennules, and then their rostrums and eyes. Between their head and carapace there is a cervical groove. There is a separation of the sides of the back that is called an areola, which almost forms a gap of types in the middle. Following the carapace, they have an abdomen that is finished with a telson and uropod.[11]
Claws edit
Their claws tend to become more cylindrical and elongated with age, appearing a lot finer or skinnier than other species in Procambarus.[10]
Coloration edit
Their coloration holds true as to why they are commonly referred to as the White River Crawfish, with their legs holding a lighter shade of tan or white as compared to their carapace and head. Mature adults can sometimes appear to have a pink or purplish hue, but never red.[10]
Conservation edit
P. zonangulus has become an important species for aquaculture, and 20%–30% of the crayfish harvested in Louisiana are P. zonangulus.[4] Due to the taxonomic uncertainties, this species is listed as Data Deficient on the IUCN Red List.[1]
Culture Method edit
The two most commonly used methods for farming crawfish are polyculture, raising crawfish alongside crops that can grow in their environments, and monocropping, exclusively raising crawfish.[12]
Reproduction edit
P. zonangulus, being a species that falls under the Cambaridae family, shares a lot of its reproductive habits with other freshwater crayfish species. They are a gonochoristic species, meaning there are two set sexes within a population, and the males typically have two different morphotypes, one being exclusively for mating.[13]
Females are recorded to lay their eggs in the mid- to late-fall period, typically producing an average of 130 babies per brood. The eggs that are produced are individually larger but as an entire brood smaller than the closely related Procambarus clarkii, more commonly known as the Red Swamp Crawfish.[10]
While this species may have swimmerets, there is currently no published evidence supporting their potential use in reproductive purposes.
References edit
- ^ a b c Crandall, K.A. (2010). "Procambarus zonangulus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010: e.T153993A4573647. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T153993A4573647.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
- ^ a b "Proambarus zonangulus". NatureServe Explorer An online encyclopedia of life. 7.1. NatureServe. Retrieved 27 November 2022.
- ^ "Procambarus zonangulus". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved October 7, 2010.
- ^ a b c "Differences between red swamp crawfish and white river crawfish". Louisiana State University Agricultural Center. December 3, 2009. Archived from the original on July 18, 2011. Retrieved October 14, 2009.
- ^ Yavuz Mazlum & Arnold G. Eversole (2008). "Comparison of the survival, growth and yield of red swamp crayfish and white river crayfish in monoculture and polyculture systems". Aquaculture International. 16 (4): 345–350. doi:10.1007/s10499-007-9149-3. S2CID 25335674.
- ^ a b James W. Fetzner Jr. (January 14, 2008). "Procambarus (Ortmannicus) zonangulus Hobbs and Hobbs, 1990". Crayfish Taxon Browser. Carnegie Museum of Natural History.
- ^ "Crayfish in Alabama". Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. 2008. Archived from the original on 2012-10-17.
- ^ Jay V. Kilian; Andrew J. Becker; Scott A. Stranko; Matthew Ashton; Ronald J. Klauda; Jay Gerber & Martin Hurd (2010). "The Status and Distribution of Maryland Crayfishes". Southeastern Naturalist. 9 (sp3): 11–32. doi:10.1656/058.009.s302. S2CID 86329797.
- ^ Zachary J. Loughman & Stuart A. Welsh (2010). "Distribution and Conservation Standing of West Virginia Crayfishes". Southeastern Naturalist. 9 (sp3): 63–78. doi:10.1656/058.009.s304. S2CID 86038449.
- ^ a b c d "Differences Between Red Swamp Crawfish and White River Crawfish - Extension | Aquaculture Research Station | Our Offices | LSU AgCenter". 2011-09-29. Archived from the original on 2011-09-29. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
- ^ "Crayfish | Description, Size, Habitat, Diet, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. 2023-11-06. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
- ^ "Cambaridae - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics". www.sciencedirect.com. Retrieved 2023-12-04.
- ^ Subramoniam, Thanumalaya (2017-01-01), Subramoniam, Thanumalaya (ed.), "Chapter 5 - Mating Behavior", Sexual Biology and Reproduction in Crustaceans, Academic Press, pp. 131–158, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-809337-5.00005-8, ISBN 978-0-12-809337-5, retrieved 2023-12-04