Pierre Andries Tendean (21 February 1939 – 1 October 1965) was an Indonesian Army lieutenant. He was best known as a victim of the 30th September Movement (G30S) and posthumously awarded as revolution hero, later Indonesian national hero.
Pierre Tendean | |
|---|---|
 Tendean, c. 1963 | |
| Born | 21 February 1939 Batavia, Dutch East Indies |
| Died | 1 October 1965 (aged 26) Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Cause of death | Tortured and killed in Lubang Buaya, Jakarta, Indonesia |
| Buried | |
| Allegiance |  Indonesia |
| Service |  Indonesian Army |
| Years of service | 1962–1965 |
| Rank | First Lieutenant (at death) Captain (posthumously) |
| Battles / wars |
|
| Awards | National Hero of Indonesia |
Early life
editTendean was the a second child of three children of A.L. Tendean from Minahasa and Dutch-born French mother M.E. Cornet. He had an older sister, Mitzi, and younger sister, Rooswidiati. Tendean's father was a doctor and held posts in hospitals in Jakarta, Tasikmalaya, Cisarua, Magelang, and Semarang. Tendean attended elementary school in Magelang and middle school and high school in Semarang. His desire after completing high school was to attend the National Military Academy (Indonesian: Akademi Militer Nasional). However, his parents wanted him to become a doctor like his father or an engineer. The compromise was for Pierre to attend the Army's Engineering Academy (Indonesian: Akademi Teknik Angkatan Darat (ATEKAD)) in Bandung, where he started in 1958.[1]
Military career
editTendean received battlefield experience while in the academy when he was sent to West Sumatra with his fellow cadets to participate in operation Sapta Marga against the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PRRI). At that time Tendean was a Corporal Cadet and was assigned to the Army's Corps of Engineers (Indonesian: Zeni Tempur). In 1961, Tendean graduated from ATEKAD and was given the rank Second Lieutenant (Indonesian: Letnan Dua (Letda) Czi). As a fresh Zeni officer, he then pursued a year-long course in military-civil engineering in the same academy and finished the course in December 1962. His first assignment after Academy was as Platoon Commander in the 2nd Battalion of the Corps of Engineers in the 2nd Regional Military Command (Indonesian: Komandan Peleton Batalyon Zeni Tempur 2 Komando Daerah Militer II (Danton Yon Zipur 2 / Dam II) ) in Medan.[2]
The following year, Tendean received intelligence training in Army Intelligence Training Centre in Bogor and was subsequently assigned to the Army Central Intelligence Service (Indonesian: Dinas Pusat Intelijen Angkatan Darat (DIPIAD)). He was sent to the front lines during operation Dwikora, Indonesia's confrontation with Malaysia, where he led a group of volunteers in several infiltrations into Malaysia performing intelligence gathering. On 15 April 1965, Tendean was promoted to First Lieutenant (Indonesian: Letnan Satu (Lettu) Czi) and later, was assigned as a personal aide to General Abdul Haris Nasution.[3]
30th September Movement
edit
In the early morning hours of October 1, 1965, troops loyal to the 30 September Movement (G30S) came to Nasution's house with the intention of kidnapping him. Shots were fired, awakening Tendean who was staying in the general's housing complex. He was apprehended by the troops and was mistaken for Nasution in the darkened villa. Nasution himself was able to escape in the confusion.[4]
Tendean was brought to Lubang Buaya along with six high-ranking officers of the army. He was shot to death, and his body thrown into an old well with those of the other captives. His body was among those recovered from the well just three days later.[4]
On 5 October 1965, President Sukarno named Pierre Tendean a national hero for his dedication and sacrifice to the nation. He was posthumously promoted to the rank of Captain and buried in the Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery. The second youngest of the 8 who were killed in Jakarta, he was only 26 years old at the time of his murder.[2]
References
edit- ^ Besman, Abie (2019). Sang patriot, kisah seorang pahlawan revolusi : biografi resmi Pierre Tendean. Penerbit Buku Kompas. ISBN 978-602-412-652-0. OCLC 1269398001.
- ^ a b Wibawana, Widhia Arum. "Pierre Tendean, Mengenal Sosok Pahlawan Revolusi dan Kisahnya". detiknews (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-02-27.
- ^ Yahya, Achmad Nasrudin; Santosa, Bagus (2022-09-30). "Kisah Spionase Pahlawan Revolusi Pierre Tendean dalam Operasi Dwikora di Malaysia". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-02-27.
- ^ a b Prasetya, Anggara Wikan (2022-09-30). "Lettu Pierre Tendean yang Jadi Korban Peristiwa G30S Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2023-02-27.
Bibliography
edit
- Masykuri (1983). Pierre Tendean (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Proyek Inventarisasi dan Dokumentasi Sejarah Nasional, Direktorat Sejarah dan Nilai Tradisional, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.
- "Kapten Czi Anumerta Pierre Andries Tendean" [Captain (Posthumously Promoted) Pierre Andries Tendean] (in Indonesian). Indonesian Army Headquarters. Archived from the original on 27 June 2007. Retrieved 14 August 2007.