Panaeolus bisporus, also known as Copelandia bisporus is a rare and widely distributed little brown mushroom that bruises blue and contains the psychedelic compound psilocybin.
Panaeolus bisporus | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Basidiomycota |
Class: | Agaricomycetes |
Order: | Agaricales |
Family: | Bolbitiaceae |
Genus: | Panaeolus |
Species: | P. bisporus
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Binomial name | |
Panaeolus bisporus (Malencon and Bertault) Singer and Weeks
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Synonyms | |
Panaeolus bispora |
Panaeolus bisporus | |
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![]() | Gills on hymenium |
![]() | Cap is convex |
![]() | Hymenium is adnexed |
![]() | Stipe is bare |
![]() | Spore print is black |
![]() | Ecology is saprotrophic |
![]() | Edibility is psychoactive |
This mushroom is similar macroscopically to Panaeolus tropicalis, Panaeolus cambodginiensis and Panaeolus cyanescens, but can be differentiated using a microscope by its two spored basidia.
Description
editThis is a little brown mushroom that grows on dung and has black spores. It has been found in Hawaii, Southern California, North Africa, Spain and Switzerland.
The cap is 15-30 mm tan to gray fading to black sometimes when covered with spores and with a defined ring zone somewhat globe shaped or bell shaped to convex, hardly expanding, margin often torn and pedaled, smooth not viscid, and slightly wrinkled and pitted with age. Dark grey-brown drying whitish. The gills are adnexed or narrowly attachedtightly packed, mottled gray to jet black, white edges. The stem is white, fibrous, 65-120 mm long 2-3 mm thick, hollow, translucent gray, bruising heavily blue where bruised. It produces spores that are jet black, elliptical, 12-14 x 8-10 x 6-7.5 μm smooth and opaque, elongated with germ pore straight off the end. Microscopic features are 2 spored basidia 18 - 23 × 8-10 μm, cheilocystidia are bottle shaped and clear 20-30 μm, metuloids with yellow brown walls 40-55 × 12-15 μm some with excreted crystals.
Its habitat are saprotrophic on grasses.
See also
editReferences
edit- Stamets, Paul (1996). Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-9610798-0-0.