The Oriental Pearl Tower[a] is a Futurist TV tower in Lujiazui, Shanghai. Built from 1991 to 1994, the tower was the tallest structure in China until the completion of nearby World Financial Center in 2007. Shanghai's first AAAAA tourist attraction, The tower's unique architecture, height, and fifteen observation decks have made it a cultural icon of the city.
| Oriental Pearl Radio & TV Tower | |
|---|---|
东方明珠广播电视塔 | |
 The Oriental Pearl Tower in March 2012 | |
 | |
| General information | |
| Type | Communication, hotel, observation, restaurant |
| Location | Shanghai |
| Coordinates | 31°14′30.01″N 121°29′40.98″E / 31.2416694°N 121.4947167°E |
| Construction started | July 30, 1991 |
| Completed | November 18, 1994 |
| Opened | May 1, 1995 |
| Height | |
| Antenna spire | 468 m (1,535 ft) |
| Top floor | 351 m (1,152 ft) |
| Technical details | |
| Floor count | Equivalent of a 103 story building |
| Lifts/elevators | 6 |
| Design and construction | |
| Architect(s) | Shanghai Modern Architectural Design Co. Ltd. |
| Developer | Shanghai Oriental Group Co. Ltd. |
Architecture
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The Oriental Pearl Tower is 350 metres (1,100 ft) tall, excluding its steel antenna with a height of 110 metres (360 ft).[1][2][3]
Foundation
editLocated in Lujiazui on the banks of the Huangpu River, the Oriental Pearl Tower stands directly opposite of the Bund.[4] Due to the area's soft soil, large concrete pillars were planted deep within the ground. Steel pipes and plates provided additional support. This technology was later used in nearby Jin Mao Tower.[5]
Spheres
editThree large spherical platforms are connected by three pillars and an elevator in-between. According to the its designers, the design, which reflects the culture of Shanghai, was inspired by "Pipa xing", a poem by Tang poet Bai Juyi.[1]
The spheres, which were constructed using an integral steel framework, are covered by concrete tiles and laminated red glass panes.[6]
Observation levels
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The tower has fifteen observatory levels, the highest of which is at 351 metres (1,150 ft) and contains a panoramic glass floor. Lower levels houses amenities such as a revolving restaurant and indoor roller coaster. There is also a 20-room hotel, named the Space Hotel, between the two large spheres.[7]
History
editPlanning
editAn initial idea of building a new TV tower in downtown Shanghai in order to increase capacity and replace older infrastructure was introduced in a broadcast on August 25, 1983. On November 17 of the same year, the plan was refined and presented in Shanghai Media Group's sixth five-year plan. The tower was planned to be 400 metres (1,300 ft).[8]
On March 25, 1984, the idea was formally proposed to the city congress, which gave approval later that year. A site in Lujiazui was chosen, for its rapid development due to economic reform. The decision was made official by the Shanghai Radio and Television Bureau on August 23.[8]
In October 1986, the final proposal, which included a raise in the tower's planned height to 450 metres (1,480 ft), was submitted to the National Planning Commission, which approved the finalized proposal in January of the following year.[8]
In September 1988, a total of 12 designs from three firms were received. East China Architectural Design Institute's "Oriental Pearl" design was selected.[8]
Construction and opening
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On July 30, 1991, the tower's foundation was laid and construction began.[9][10] On December 14, 1993, the tower's body was cappied. On Labour Day of the following year, the antenna was installed after 11 days of ascension.[1] On National Day, interior facilities were completed began operating, marking the end of construction.[8][9]
The Oriental Pearl Tower opened to the public a year later., and its first broadcast, which contained five TV programs and radio, was made.[4][1]
Impact
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Awards
editIn 1995, 15 foreign heads of government visited the tower.[4] A year later, another 35 foreign heads of government and 30 groups of foreign minister-level government officials visited the tower.[4]
The tower has been included in numerous lists, including "Top Ten New Landscapes in Shanghai",[11] "Top Ten New Landmarks in Shanghai",[12] and the list of AAAAA Tourist Attractions of China.[13]
In popular culture
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Since its opening, the Oriental Pearl Tower has been a cultural icon of Shanghai. The tower has been depicted in various artworks and media and attracts millions of tourists yearly.[14]
See also
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Notes
edit- ^ simplified Chinese: 东方明珠电视塔; traditional Chinese: 東方明珠電視塔; pinyin: Dōngfāng Míngzhū diànshì tǎ; Shanghainese: Tonfån Mintsythah
References
edit- ^ a b c d 张, 添翼 (November 24, 2018). "【上海印记】魔都地标！东方明珠电视塔是如何建成的？". 上海发布. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
- ^ "Oriental Pearl Tower". SkyscraperPage.
- ^ "Emporis building ID 103802". Emporis. Archived from the original on May 14, 2015.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ a b c d ""东方明珠"：上海广播电视塔". 上海通. October 28, 2009. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
- ^ Gong, Jian; Fang, Tingchen; Zuo, Junqing (January 2022). Wang, Xiuling (ed.). "A Review of Key Technologies Development of Super High-Rise Building Construction in China". Advances in Civil Engineering. 2022 (1). doi:10.1155/2022/5438917. ISSN 1687-8086. ProQuest 2623775105.
- ^ Schuster, Miriam (November 19, 2022). Characterization of Laminated Safety Glass Interlayers: Thermorheology, Crystallinity and Viscoelasticity. Springer Nature. p. 1. ISBN 978-3-658-39821-7.
- ^ Randl, Chad (May 15, 2008). Revolving Architecture: A History of Buildings That Rotate, Swivel, and Pivot. Princeton Architectural Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-1-56898-681-4.
- ^ a b c d e 上海改革开放40年 : 那些年, 我们的故事. 上海市档案局(馆), 上海老新闻工作者协会编 (Di 1 ban ed.). Shanghai. 2018. ISBN 978-7-208-15187-1. OCLC 1083305320.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b 康, 小兰 (April 9, 2010). "东方明珠电视塔：亚洲第一高塔". 国务院新闻办公室网站. Retrieved October 3, 2022.
- ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on July 10, 2013. Retrieved July 15, 2013.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ 上海画报出版社 (2000). 上海十大新景观 (in Chinese). 上海: 上海画报出版社. ISBN 9787805301785.
- ^ ""上海新十大地标建筑"评选揭晓". 中国建筑文化研究会. January 6, 2020. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
- ^ "5A级景区". 中华人民共和国文化和旅游部. 2007. Retrieved October 4, 2022.
- ^ A Readable Wukang Building: A Case Study on Cultural Sustainable Tourism (CST). doi:10.1007/978-3-031-49536-6_1.
External links
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- Official website
Geographic data related to Oriental Pearl Tower at OpenStreetMap
