Rheinmetall Air Defence AG is a division of German armament manufacturer Rheinmetall, created when the company's Oerlikon Contraves unit was renamed on 1 January 2009 and integrated with Rheinmetall's other air-defence products.[1] Oerlikon Contraves was a Swiss anti-aircraft artillery manufacturer famous for its adaptation of the 1916 20 mm Becker as the Oerlikon 20 mm autocannon design, which was used in the Second World War and remains in use. Copies and derivatives of these designs were made by German, French, British, and Japanese weapon manufacturers. Oerlikon Contraves was purchased by Rheinmetall in 1999.[2]
As of January 2009[update], Rheinmetall Air Defence had around 1,050 employees at locations in Switzerland, Germany, Italy, and Canada. The group's sales in 2008[update] were about 380,000,000 Euros.[1]
History
editOerlikon's earliest predecessor was Schweizerische Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon, founded in the Oerlikon district of Zürich, Switzerland in 1906.[3]
In 1923 it acquired a factory in Germany. It entered the anti-aircraft defence field in 1924. In 1936, it founded a purely anti-aircraft development company called Contraves (contra aves is Latin for "against birds", better translated as "anti-flying-objects") In 1989, the Werkzeugmaschinenfabrik Oerlikon-Bührle and Contraves merged to form the Oerlikon-Contraves Group, later renamed Oerlikon Contraves Defence.[4] Oerlikon Contraves was purchased by Rheinmetall, a German armament manufacturer, in 1999, and renamed Rheinmetall Air Defence AG on 1 January 2009.
Historic products
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American versions of the Oerlikon 20 mm cannon, such as the Mk 4, Mk 10, and Mk 24, were used extensively from World War II to the Vietnam War. As anti-aircraft weapons used by the US Navy, they were frequently the last line of defence against kamikaze attacks. Most combat ships from aircraft carriers to PT boats were equipped with Oerlikon guns. During the Vietnam War they were widely employed by riverine forces as anti-personnel weapons. They remained in service until the 1970s, when they were replaced by the Mk 16 20 mm cannon.[5]
Oerlikon also developed the following surface-to-air missiles: the RSA Missile, the RSD 58, and the Kriens RSC Missile. Oerlikons 20mm cannon was frequently used on Naval Ships throughout the 1920s, 30s and 40s.[citation needed]
Products
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Rheinmetall Air Defence specializes in ground-based and naval air defence. Their products include search-and-tracking sensors, 35 mm air-defence guns, command-and-control posts, battle management and ship-based combat systems.
Medium calliber weapons
edit- Oerlikon KAD cannon, calibre 20×139 mm
- Oerlikon KAE cannon, calibre 20×128 mm (modernised variant of KAA and KAB cannons)[6]
- Oerlikon KBA autocanon, calibre 25×137 mm[7]
- Oerlikon KCA autocanon, calibre 30×173 mm[7]
- Oerlikon KDE autocanon, calibre 35×228 mm (used on Mitsubishi Type 89 IFV)
- Oerlikon KDC autocanon, calibre 35×228 mm[7]
- Oerlikon KDG autocanon, calibre 35×228 mm[7]
Ground-based air defence
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- Radar systems
- Oerlikon Skyguard 3
- X-TAR3D (radar)
- Ground Based Air Defence Unit:
- Oerlikon GDF, calibre 35×228 mm, twin cannon
- MANTIS C-RAM, calibre 35×228 mm
- Oerlikon Skyshield, calibre 35×228 mm
- Oerlikon Skynex
- SkyKnight C-RAM missile launcher unit[10]
- Mobile Air Defence:
- Oerlikon Skyranger:[11]
- Oerlikon Skyranger 30
- Oerlikon Skyranger 35
- Oerlikon Skyranger Search Radar Control Node (SRCN)
- Oerlikon Skyranger Missile (Stinger oder äquivalent)
- Oerlikon Skyranger Missile (Cheetah)
- Air Defence Anti-Tank System
- Natter Counter-UAS-System[12]
- High-energy laser C-RAM[13]
- Oerlikon Skyranger:[11]
- Command systems
Naval systems
edit- Naval Gun Systems:
- Oerlikon Natter:
- Oerlikon Natter 7.62, calibre 7.62×51 mm NATO[15]
- Oerlikon Natter 12.7, calibre 12.7×99 mm NATO[15]
- Oerlikon Searanger:
- Oerlikon Seasnake:
- Oerlikon Millennium Naval Gun, calibre 35×228 mm[15]
- Oerlikon Natter:
- Search and Acquisition Radar:
- Radar and Electro Optical Tracking Modules:
- Oerlikon TMX/EO NT
- Oerlikon TMX/EO Mk2
- Oerlikon SeaVision[15]
- Oerlikon SeaStorm[15]
- Command and Control:
- Oerlikon Seaguard naval tracking system[17]
- Oerlikon Weapon Control Module
Weapon stations (vehicles)
edit- Oerlikon Fieldranger 20[18]
Other military products
editCivilian products
editOerlikon Contraves subsidiary Oerlikon Transtec manufactured railcar and locomotive systems, including locomotive brakes, subway and electric train power conversion systems, and other subsidiary systems for mass-transit vehicles.[19] As of October 2010[update], Rheinmetall's website no longer lists these products as part of the Air Defence group.[20]
Corruption charges
editRheinmetall Air Defence (RAD) is one of six companies that were blacklisted by India's Ministry of Defence in March 2012 for their involvement in a bribery scandal.[21] The companies are accused of bribing the Director General of Ordnance Factories Board (OFB), Sudipta Ghosh. RAD and the other firms have been barred from any dealings with the OFB and all other Indian defence companies, as well as being blacklisted from participating in any Indian defence contract, for a period of 10 years.[22] RAD has claimed that the charges against it are without merit.[23]
Rheinmetall Air Defence was implicated in a corruption case in India along with arms dealer Abhishek Verma and his wife Anca Verma lodged by anti-corruption agency of India, the CBI in 2012 for bribing defence officials for securing multi billion dollar weapons contracts of the Indian military establishment.[24][25] RAD Chairman Bodo Garbe and General Manager Gerhard Hoy were issued summons of the Indian courts. Subsequently a red-corner notice was issued for their detention through Interpol.[26] The case at present is under trial in Indian courts.[27]
See also
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References
edit- ^ a b "Rheinmetall Air Defence: the new name of air defence specialist Oerlikon Contraves" (Press release). Rheinmetall. 27 January 2009. Archived from the original on 28 November 2010.
- ^ "Rheinmetall unit Oerlikon Contraves to appeal Unaxis' name change". Forbes. AFX News Limited. 18 September 2006. Retrieved 2 October 2010.[dead link]
- ^ "Historical Milestones". Oerlikon Corporate Website. Pfäffikon, Switzerland: OC Oerlikon Management. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ Bryks, Jacqueline E.; Hausfeld, Michael D.; Abrahams, Charles Peter; Kerrigan, Robert G.; Fisher, Barry A. (11 November 2002). "Complaint: Khulumani et al. v. Barclays National Bank Ltd et al" (PDF). DomCLIC Project: South African Apartheid Litigation. The Hague Justice Portal. Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ "Switzerland Oerlikon 20 mm/70 (0.79") Mark 1 / United States of America 20 mm/70 (0.79") Marks 2, 3 & 4 / Britain 20 mm/70 (0.79") Mark I and Mark II". NavWeaps.Com. 14 January 2011. Retrieved 24 September 2011.
- ^ https://www.rheinmetall.com/Rheinmetall%20Group/brochure-download/Air-Defence/D675e0222-Oerlikon-Cannon-20mm-KAE.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ a b c d "Rheinmetall". Rheinmetall. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ^ "Rheinmetall Air Defence". Airforce Technology. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ^ https://www.rheinmetall.com/Rheinmetall%20Group/brochure-download/Air-Defence/D712e0222-Oerlikon-Revolver-Gun-Mk3.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ a b "Rheinmetall". Rheinmetall (in German). Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ^ "Rheinmetall". Rheinmetall (in German). Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ^ "Rheinmetall will Waffenstation Natter für neue Drohnenabwehrlösung nutzen" (in German). 27 August 2024. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ^ "Rheinmetall: successful target engagement with high-energy laser weapons". www.pressebox.com. 22 November 2011. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ^ "Rheinmetall". Rheinmetall (in German). Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Rheinmetall". Rheinmetall (in German). Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ^ "Rheinmetall".
- ^ "Rheinmetall". Rheinmetall. Retrieved 27 August 2024.
- ^ https://www.rheinmetall.com/Rheinmetall%20Group/brochure-download/Weapon-Ammmunition/B226e0620-Rheinmetall-Leadership-in-cannon-design-medium-calibre-portfolio.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Oerlikon Transtec Inc". Directory51.com. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ "Rheinmetall Air Defence AG". Rheinmetall Defence. 2010. Archived from the original on 5 October 2010. Retrieved 2 October 2010.
- ^ "Bribery scandal: Defence ministry blacklists six companies". The Times of India. 5 March 2012. Archived from the original on 3 January 2013. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- ^ "India blacklists defense companies". United Press International. 7 March 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- ^ "Rheinmetall Air Defence AG cries foul over blacklisting". SP's Land Forces.net. 23 March 2012. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
- ^ "CBI charges Abhishek Verma, Rheinmetall official with bribery". Archived from the original on 19 August 2016. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
- ^ "Abhishek Verma was promised $5m by Rheinmetall Air Defence to remove its name from govt's blacklist - Times of India". The Times of India. 23 June 2012. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
- ^ "CBI to push for red corner notice against top Rheinmetall executive". 6 June 2014. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
- ^ "Swiss authorities refuse to share information on Abhishek Verma - The Economic Times". The Economic Times. 31 August 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2016.
- Air Force Center "Fliegermuseum Dübendorf"
- Hugo Schneider: Armament and equipment of the Swiss Army since 1817: light and medium anti-aircraft air defence anti-aircraft missiles, Volume 12 of armament and equipment of the Swiss Army since 1817, Author Publisher Stocker-Schmidt, 1982
External links
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- Rheinmetall-DeTec, parent company
- Official site