Calais /ˈkælɪs/ is a town in Washington County, Vermont, United States. The population was 1,661 at the 2020 census.[3] Calais is homophonous with callous.[4] Calais contains the unincorporated communities of Adamant, East Calais, North Calais, Kent's Corner, Maple Corner and Pekin.
Calais, Vermont | |
|---|---|
 Calais Town Hall | |
 Location in Washington County and the state of Vermont | |
  Calais, Vermont Location in the United States | |
| Coordinates: 44°21′48″N 72°27′59″W / 44.36333°N 72.46639°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Vermont |
| County | Washington |
| Communities |
|
| Area | |
| • Total | 38.6 sq mi (99.9 km2) |
| • Land | 38.0 sq mi (98.5 km2) |
| • Water | 0.6 sq mi (1.5 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,109 ft (338 m) |
| Population (2020) | |
| • Total | 1,661 |
| • Density | 43/sq mi (17/km2) |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (Eastern (EST)) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| ZIP code | 05648; (East Calais, 05650) |
| Area code | 802 |
| FIPS code | 50-11350[1] |
| GNIS feature ID | 1462062[2] |
| Website | www |
History
edit
Colonel Jacob Davis named Calais after the French port city of the same name, during a time of general enthusiasm for things French as a result of France's aid during the American Revolution.[5]
The Wheelocks and Parkers were the first families to settle the town, in the latter part of the 18th century. In the early and mid 19th century, the Vermont wool industry spawned sheep pastures in the town. Photographs of the time show a heavily de-forested Calais. Like many small Vermont towns, Calais was devastated by the Civil War. Volunteers from Calais flocked to the Union cause, most serving in the Army's volunteer regiments. In the post-Civil War era, agriculture turned from sheep to dairy, and new families came to fill farms that were sold by the families and widows of Civil War veterans.[citation needed]
Historical landmarks
edit- Kents Corner[6]
- Old West Church[6]
- Maple Corner[7]
- Robinson Saw Mill
- Adamant Co-op[8]
Village histories
editCalais once had a village called Sodom. This name was allegedly given because the village had no church, though it did have a few active quarries. In 1905, the residents petitioned the state legislature to change the name to Adamant, chosen to suggest the hardness of granite.
Pekin is named after Peking (now Beijing), China, the result of a local farmer who had a friend who was a missionary to China. The missionary sent some Chinese wheat back to Vermont, the farmer planted it, and it flourished. It became the style to give directions using the wheat field as a landmark ("up by the Pekin wheat", or "just past the Pekin wheat"). Eventually, the location of the field came to be known simply as Pekin. Another version suggests that the missionary sent back rice, and that the farmer planted the rice in a low-lying plain, which flooded each spring. The river came to be known as Peking Brook, later and presently Pekin Brook.
Geography
editAccording to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 38.6 square miles (99.9 km2), of which 38.0 square miles (98.5 km2) is land and 0.6 square mile (1.5 km2) (1.45%) is water.
The following bodies of water are within the town: Curtis Pond,[9] Nelson Pond,[10] Bliss Pond, and #10 Pond, also known as Mirror Lake.
Demographics
edit| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1800 | 443 | — | |
| 1810 | 841 | 89.8% | |
| 1820 | 1,111 | 32.1% | |
| 1830 | 1,539 | 38.5% | |
| 1840 | 1,709 | 11.0% | |
| 1850 | 1,410 | −17.5% | |
| 1860 | 1,409 | −0.1% | |
| 1870 | 1,309 | −7.1% | |
| 1880 | 1,253 | −4.3% | |
| 1890 | 1,062 | −15.2% | |
| 1900 | 1,101 | 3.7% | |
| 1910 | 1,042 | −5.4% | |
| 1920 | 860 | −17.5% | |
| 1930 | 812 | −5.6% | |
| 1940 | 818 | 0.7% | |
| 1950 | 778 | −4.9% | |
| 1960 | 684 | −12.1% | |
| 1970 | 749 | 9.5% | |
| 1980 | 1,207 | 61.1% | |
| 1990 | 1,521 | 26.0% | |
| 2000 | 1,529 | 0.5% | |
| 2010 | 1,607 | 5.1% | |
| 2020 | 1,661 | 3.4% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[11][12] | |||
As of the census[1] of 2000, there were 1,529 people, 616 households, and 418 families residing in the town. The population density was 40.2 people per square mile (15.5/km2). There were 773 housing units at an average density of 20.3 per square mile (7.8/km2). The racial makeup of the town was 96.08% White, 0.33% African American, 0.26% Native American, 0.20% Asian, 0.39% from other races, and 2.75% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.39% of the population.
There were 616 households, out of which 34.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.3% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.48 and the average family size was 2.98.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 5.0% from 18 to 24, 26.3% from 25 to 44, 32.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.3 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.4 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $46,083, and the median income for a family was $49,107. Males had a median income of $33,000 versus $27,917 for females. The per capita income for the town was $20,722. About 4.9% of families and 6.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.9% of those under age 18 and 5.4% of those age 65 or over.
Notable people
edit- J. Ward Carver, Vermont Attorney General, 1925–1931[13]
- Ela Chapin, state legislator
- Kenward Elmslie (1929–2022), poet, lyricist, publisher, performer
- John M. Gilman, Minnesota and Ohio state legislator, lawyer[14]
- Marcus D. Gilman, Vermont legislator, businessman, and historian[15]
- David Hinton, author and translator of Chinese poetry[16]
- Louise Andrews Kent, author[17]
- John La Touche, musician and writer
- Dora V. Wheelock (1847–1923), temperance activist and writer
References
edit- ^ a b "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "US Board on Geographic Names". United States Geological Survey. October 25, 2007. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
- ^ "Census - Geography Profile: Calais town, Washington County, Vermont". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 29, 2021.
- ^ Such pronunciation is attested by Robert Browning in his De Gustibus "When fortune's malice / Lost her---Calais)---"
- ^ Swift, Esther Munroe (1977). Vermont Place Names: Footprints of History. Houghton Mifflin. pp. 451–454. ISBN 0-8289-0291-7.
- ^ a b "Central Vermont -- Map". www.cr.nps.gov.
- ^ "Maple corner". maplecorner.net. Archived from the original on March 6, 2001. Retrieved November 16, 2018.
- ^ "Vaics.com". vaics.org. Archived from the original on February 9, 2006. Retrieved January 31, 2006.
- ^ "Curtis Pond swimming area". www.songseek.com.
- ^ "Google.com". google.com. Archived from the original on May 19, 2011.
- ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015.
- ^ "Vermont History Explorer". Retrieved August 7, 2015.
- ^ The Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory, Volume 1. New Providence, NJ: Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory, Incorporated. 1937. p. 1495.
- ^ 'Aged Lawyer Dies,' Minneapolis Journal, September 27, 1906, pg. 7
- ^ 'The Bibliography Of Vermont Or A List Of Books And Pamphlets Related To Any Way To The State,' M. D. Gilman-editor, Free Press Association, Burlington, Vermont: 1897, Introduction-H. A. Huse-Vermont State Librarian, Biographical Sketch of Marcus D. Gilman, pg. II-VII
- ^ T'ao, Ch'ien (Author); Hinton, David (Translator) (1993). The Selected Poems of T'ao Ch'ien. Port Townsend, WA: Copper Canyon Press. p. Back cover.
david hinton calais.
{{cite book}}:|first1=has generic name (help) - ^ Vermont Life, Volumes 49-50. Montpelier, VT: Agency of Development and Community Affairs. 1994. p. 35.
External material
editFurther reading
edit- Miller, Peter. Vermont People. Vermont People Project: 1991. ISBN 0-9628064-0-4.
- Rodgers, Steve. Country Towns of Vermont. McGraw-Hill: 1998. ISBN 1-56626-195-3.
- Strickland, Ron. Vermonters: Oral Histories from Down Country to the Northeast Kingdom. University Press of New England: 1986. ISBN 0-87451-867-9.
- Swift, Esther Monroe. Vermont Place Names: Footprints of History. The Stephen Greene Press: 1996 ISBN 0-8289-0291-7.
- Van Susteren, Dirk, A Vermont Century: Photography and Essays from the Green Mountain State. Rutland Herald and Barre-Montpelier Times Argus: 1999. ISBN 0-932754-99-6.