Nangqên County

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Nangqên County, or Nangchen (Tibetan: ནང་ཆེན་རྫོང་།, Chinese: 囊谦县), is currently a county of the Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture and is the southernmost county-level division of Qinghai province, China, bordering the Tibet Autonomous Region to the south. Until 1951, the region was known as the Kingdom of Nangchen.[2] It was one of the five kingdoms of the historical region of Do Kham.[citation needed]

Nangqên County
囊谦县 · ནང་ཆེན་རྫོང་།
Nangchen
Location of Nangqên County (red) within Yushu Prefecture (yellow) and Qinghai
Location of Nangqên County (red) within Yushu Prefecture (yellow) and Qinghai
Nangqên is located in Qinghai
Nangqên
Nangqên
Location of the seat in Qinghai
Coordinates: 32°12′11″N 96°28′52″E / 32.203°N 96.481°E / 32.203; 96.481
CountryChina
ProvinceQinghai
Autonomous prefectureYushu
County seatXangda
Area
 • Total12,741 km2 (4,919 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)[1]
 • Total90,307
 • Density7.1/km2 (18/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
815200
Websitewww.nangqian.gov.cn
Nangqên County
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese囊谦县
Traditional Chinese囊謙縣
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinNángqiān Xiàn
Tibetan name
Tibetanནང་ཆེན་རྫོང་།
Transcriptions
Wylienang chen rdzong
Tibetan PinyinNangqên Zong

The county seat is Xangda, built in a side valley and on the right bank of the Dza Chu (upper reaches of the Mekong). In 2000, the county's population amounted to 57,387 people, inhabiting a surface of 11,539 km2 (4,455 sq mi).

History

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Tana Monastery (Jang Tana)

The county's name is derived from the former king (nang chen rgyal po) and Kingdom of Nangchen, a tribal confederation that emerged as a unified Buddhist kingdom in the 13th century.[3] The present-day's county comprises the core area of the old kingdom of Nangchen.

Memories of the Kingdom of Nangchen play a role in local politics, and among Tibetan refugees who came to India from the area. Scholar Maria Turek reported that in 2015 she heard about “a man who went to various Tibetan communities in India, introducing himself as ‘the king of Nangchen’ not without some success, even though he had no credentials to prove his claim.”[4]

A Yelpa Kagyu monastery, Tana Monastery (Jang Tana), was founded by Yelpa Yeshe Tsek in 1068. It is considered a branch monastery of Tsurpu.[5][6][7][8]

Administrative divisions

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Nangqên County is divided to 1 town and 9 townships.

Name Simplified Chinese Hanyu Pinyin Tibetan Wylie Administrative division code
Town
Xangda Town
(Xarda, Xiangda)
香达镇 Xiāngdá Zhèn ཤར་མདའ་གྲོང་རྡལ། shar mda' grong rdal 632725100
Townships
Zhêca Township
(Baizha, Bêca)
白扎乡 Báizhā Xiāng སྤྲེལ་ཚྭ་ཞང་། sprel tshwa zhang 632725200
Jiqu Township 吉曲乡 Jíqǔ Xiāng ལྕི་ཆུ་ཞང་། lci chu zhang 632725201
Nyagla Township
(Niangla)
娘拉乡 Niánglā Xiāng ཉག་ར་ཞང་། nyag ra zhang 632725202
Mozhong Township
(Maozhuang)
毛庄乡 Máozhuāng Xiāng མོའོ་གྲོང་ཞང་། mo'o grong zhang 632725203
Gyozhag Township
(Juela)
觉拉乡 Juélā Xiāng སྐྱོ་བྲག་ཞང་། skyo brag zhang 632725204
Domba Township
(Dongba)
东坝乡 Dōngbà Xiāng སྡོམ་པ་ཞང་། sdom pa zhang 632725205
Gaxung Township
(Gayang)
尕羊乡 Gǎyáng Xiāng ཀ་གཞུང་ཞང་། ka gzhung zhang 632725206
Ji'nyinsib Township
(Jinisai)
吉尼赛乡 Jínísài Xiāng ལྕི་ཉིན་སྲིབ་ཞང་། lci nyin srib zhang 632725207
Zhongxog Township
(Zhogxog, Zhuoxiao)
着晓乡 Zhuóxiǎo Xiāng འབྲོང་ཤོག་ཞང་། 'brong shog zhang 632725208

Climate

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Climate data for Nangqên, elevation 3,644 m (11,955 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 18.3
(64.9)
17.1
(62.8)
23.8
(74.8)
24.2
(75.6)
25.7
(78.3)
28.7
(83.7)
29.0
(84.2)
28.3
(82.9)
25.4
(77.7)
24.6
(76.3)
18.5
(65.3)
16.1
(61.0)
29.0
(84.2)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 4.0
(39.2)
6.5
(43.7)
9.7
(49.5)
13.4
(56.1)
17.0
(62.6)
19.4
(66.9)
21.3
(70.3)
21.2
(70.2)
18.8
(65.8)
13.4
(56.1)
8.9
(48.0)
5.4
(41.7)
13.3
(55.8)
Daily mean °C (°F) −5.2
(22.6)
−2.0
(28.4)
1.7
(35.1)
5.3
(41.5)
9.1
(48.4)
12.3
(54.1)
14.1
(57.4)
13.7
(56.7)
10.9
(51.6)
5.3
(41.5)
−0.3
(31.5)
−4.3
(24.3)
5.1
(41.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) −12.3
(9.9)
−9.0
(15.8)
−5.0
(23.0)
−1.2
(29.8)
2.9
(37.2)
7.0
(44.6)
8.7
(47.7)
8.2
(46.8)
5.6
(42.1)
−0.1
(31.8)
−6.8
(19.8)
−11.3
(11.7)
−1.1
(30.0)
Record low °C (°F) −23.2
(−9.8)
−20.8
(−5.4)
−16.8
(1.8)
−10.7
(12.7)
−8.1
(17.4)
−1.7
(28.9)
−0.6
(30.9)
−1.8
(28.8)
−3.6
(25.5)
−10.6
(12.9)
−17.2
(1.0)
−25.8
(−14.4)
−25.8
(−14.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 3.1
(0.12)
3.8
(0.15)
8.7
(0.34)
18.6
(0.73)
59.0
(2.32)
122.3
(4.81)
112.4
(4.43)
99.9
(3.93)
86.5
(3.41)
34.3
(1.35)
4.5
(0.18)
1.4
(0.06)
554.5
(21.83)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) 2.8 3.4 5.5 10.5 16.5 22.5 20.7 18.1 19.2 12.5 2.9 1.5 136.1
Average snowy days 5.0 6.5 9.9 12.4 5.0 0.3 0.1 0 0.4 8.3 4.8 3.1 55.8
Average relative humidity (%) 39 37 40 47 55 65 67 66 68 63 48 40 53
Mean monthly sunshine hours 210.6 189.1 206.7 208.9 226.0 198.4 212.7 211.0 204.9 208.1 223.0 226.8 2,526.2
Percent possible sunshine 66 60 55 53 53 47 49 52 56 60 72 73 58
Source: China Meteorological Administration[9][10]

Transportation

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References

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  1. ^ "玉树州第七次全国人口普查公报(第二号)——市县级常住人口情况" (in Chinese). The Paper. 2021-06-30.
  2. ^ Last King of Nangchen, JSTOR
  3. ^ Maria Turek, “Return of the Good King: Kingship and Identity among Yushu Tibetans since 1951,” in Frontier Tibet: Patterns of Change in the Sino-Tibetan Borderland, ed. by Stéphane Gros, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019, 453-488.
  4. ^ Maria Turek, “Return of the Good King: Kingship and Identity among Yushu Tibetans since 1951,” in Frontier Tibet: Patterns of Change in the Sino-Tibetan Borderland, ed. by Stéphane Gros, Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019, 453-488 (482).
  5. ^ "Jang Tana". The Treasury of Lives. Retrieved 2017-08-05.
  6. ^ "Tana Sengge Nam Dzong" - the Monastery of Ling, in: Andreas Gruschke, The Cultural Monuments of Tibet's Outer Provinces: Kham vol. 2 - The Qinghai Part of Kham (Yushu Autonomous Prefecture), Bangkok 2004, pp.110-115.
  7. ^ Tanma Jamyang Tsultrim: "Cultural Relics of the Tana Monastery in Yushu and Gesar", in: Tibet Studies, 1991, No.1, S. 184-190.
  8. ^ Tana monastery, (towards) Ji'nyinsib, Qinghai, CN. Mapping Buddhist Monasteries, accessed August 5, 2017.
  9. ^ 中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
  10. ^ 中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese). China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved 27 August 2023.
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