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Monkeypox outbreak or mpox outbreak may refer to:
- 1958 discovery of mpox as a distinct illness in laboratory monkeys in Copenhagen, Denmark, the first recognized milestone in mpox epidemiology history
- 1964 outbreak of mpox at Rotterdam Zoo, in Netherlands (with no cases in humans)
- 1970, 1981–1986, and 1996–present outbreaks of human mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
- 1971 and 2017–present outbreaks of human mpox in Nigeria
- 2003 Midwest monkeypox outbreak, in the United States (human infections traced to animals imported from Ghana)
- 2022–2023 mpox outbreak, a global outbreak
- 2023–2024 mpox epidemic, a international epidemic, primarily in Central Africa