Mirza Ali Asghar Khan Amin al-Soltan
Mirza Ali Asghar Khan (Persian: میرزا علیاصغر خان; 6 January 1858 – 31 August 1907), also known by his honorific titles of Amin al-Soltan and Atabak, served as Prime Minister of Iran from 1887 to 1896 under Nasereddin Shah, from 1898 to 1904 under Mozaffareddin Shah and from May 1907 until his assassination in August 1907 under Moahammad Ali Shah.
Ali Asghar Khan | |
|---|---|
| علیاصغر خان | |
 | |
| 1st Prime Minister of Iran | |
| In office 1 May 1907 – 31 August 1907 | |
| Monarch | Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar |
| Preceded by | Soltan-Ali Vazir-e Afkham (Acting) |
| Succeeded by | Ahmad Moshir al-Saltaneh |
| Premier of Iran | |
| In office 13 March 1887 – 23 November 1896 | |
| Preceded by | Mirza Yusuf Khan Astiani |
| Succeeded by | Ali Khan Amin ud-Daula |
| In office 1 June 1898 – 24 January 1904 | |
| Preceded by | Ali Khan Amin ud-Daula |
| Succeeded by | Abdol Majid Mirza |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 6 January 1858 Tehran, Persia |
| Died | 31 August 1907 (aged 49) Tehran, Persia |
| Manner of death | Assassination |
| Resting place | Fatima Masumeh Shrine |
Early life
editAli Asghar was born on 6 January 1858. He was the second son of Agha Ebrahim, an influential court minister of Georgian origin.[1][2] When Ali Asghar was 15 years old, he began helping his father in politics. The next year, Ali Asghar and his father accompanied Naser al-Din Shah to his pilgrimage to the holy Shi'a cities of Najaf, Karbala, Kadhimiya, and Samarra.
When Ali Asghar returned to his native Tehran, he was promoted to commander of the royal escort cavalry, and in the following years continued to rise to higher offices, eventually being promoted to the treasurer of the army. After the death of his father in 1883, he received the latter's honorific title "Amin al-Soltan" and became the Justice Minister. A few years later he received the title of "Atabak" and took over the post of Prime Minister.[3]
Exile and return
editAfter Naser's assassination in 1896, Ali Asghar helped by securing the throne and its secure transfer to his son, Mozaffar al-Din Shah Qajar. In November 1896, Ali Asghar was dismissed from his prime minister office by Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar.[4] Ali Asghar then initially retired to Qom, later traveled through Russia to China and Japan, and then emigrated to Switzerland.[5][6] During the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, the new Qajar king Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar invited Ali Asghar back to Iran.
Although Ali Asghar had many who opposed him, he also had supporters in major Iranian cities such as Qazvin, Rasht, and his native Tehran. He was shortly appointed by Mohammad Ali Shah as the Prime Minister of Iran. At the time of Ali Asghar's re-appointment as prime minister, Iran was in chaos: the state owed money to the people who served them; British-Russian rivalry over Iran; Ottoman incursions on the west Iranian borders; and devastating rebellions. Ali Asghar managed to quickly stop the Ottomans, and also tried to make stability fix the financial problems in Iran.
Ali Asghar was assassinated in the front of the Iranian Parliament on 31 August 1907.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Rahimi, MalekMohammad. Gorji haye Iran. Esfahan: Yekta, (2000). (The Georgians of Iran)
- ^ Amanat: AMĪN-AL-SOLṬĀN, ĀQĀ EBRĀHĪM. Encyclopedia Iranica, 1989, pp. 949–951.
- ^ Cyrus Ghani: Iran and the rise of Reza Shah. I.B. Tauris, 1998, p. 5.
- ^ Abdollah Mostofi: The administrative and social history of the Qajar period. Vol. II. Mazda Publishers, 1997, p. 347.
- ^ Abdul Ali Masumi: Enghelab Mashruteh. Nonyad Rezaiha, 2006, p. 72. ISBN 2-916531-03-3
- ^ The administrative and social history of the Qajar period. Vol. II. Mazda Publishers, 1997, p. 378.
Sources
edit- Rahimi, MalekMohammad. Gorji haye Iran. Esfahan: Yekta, (2000). (The Georgians of Iran)
- Cyrus Ghani: Iran and the rise of Reza Shah. From Qajar collapse to Pahlavi rule. I. B. Tauris, London u. a. 1998, ISBN 1-86064-258-6, S. 78.
- Amanat, A. (1989). "AMĪN-AL-SOLṬĀN, ĀQĀ EBRĀHĪM". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 9. pp. 949–951.