The Mamoré is a large river in Brazil and Bolivia which unites with the Madre de Dios River to form the Madeira, one of the largest tributaries of the Amazon. It rises on the northern slope of the Sierra de Cochabamba, east of the city of Cochabamba, and is known as the Chimoré down to its junction with the Chapare. Its larger tributaries are the Chapare, Secure, Apere, and Yacuma from the west, and the Ichilo, Guapay, Ivari, Manique and Guapore from the east. Taking into account its length only, the Guapay should be considered the upper part of the Mamore; but it is shallow and obstructed, and carries a much smaller volume of water. The Guapore also rivals the Mamore in length and volume, having its source in the Parecis plateau, Mato Grosso, Brazil, a few miles from streams flowing north-ward to the Tapajos and Amazon, and southward to the Paraguay and Paraná rivers. The Mamore is interrupted by rapids a few miles above its junction with the Beni, but a railway 300 km long has been undertaken from below the rapids of the Madeira. Above the rapids the river is navigable to Chimore, at the foot of the sierra, and most of its tributaries are navigable for long distances. In 1874, Franz Keller gave the outflow of the Mamoré at mean water level, and not including the Guapore, as 41,459 cm3/sec (2,530 cub. in. per second), and the area of its drainage basin, also not including the Guapore, as 24,299 km2 (9,382 square miles).[4]
| Mamoré River | |
|---|---|
 Confluence of the Ivirgarzama River and the Ichilo River, and of the Chimoré River and the Ichilo River to the Mamoré River (north is to the upper right corner of this ISS image) | |
 Map of the Amazon Basin with the Mamoré River highlighted | |
| Location | |
| Country | Brazil, Bolivia |
| Physical characteristics | |
| Source | Sierra de Cochabamba |
| • location | Pojo, Bolivia |
| • coordinates | 17°37′59″S 64°56′02″W / 17.633°S 64.934°W |
| • elevation | 3,372 m (11,063 ft) |
| Mouth | Madeira River |
• location | near Vila Murtinho, Brazil/Bolivia border |
• coordinates | 10°22′59″S 65°23′35″W / 10.383°S 65.393°W |
• elevation | 110 m (360 ft) |
| Length | 1,930 km (1,200 mi)[1] |
| Basin size | 637,401.1 km2 (246,101.9 sq mi)[2] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Near mouth |
| • average | (Period: 1985–2013)8,150 m3/s (288,000 cu ft/s)[3] (Period: 1971–2000)8,857.3 m3/s (312,790 cu ft/s)[2] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Guayaramerín (Basin size: 611,800 km2 (236,200 sq mi) |
| • average | (Period: 1985–2013)7,650 m3/s (270,000 cu ft/s)[3] (Period: 1971–2000)8,414.5 m3/s (297,160 cu ft/s)[2] |
| • minimum | (Period: 1985–2013)1,660 m3/s (59,000 cu ft/s)[3] |
| • maximum | (Period: 1985–2013)15,200 m3/s (540,000 cu ft/s)[3] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Puerto Siles (Basin size: 229,300 km2 (88,500 sq mi) |
| • average | (Period: 1985–2013)4,600 m3/s (160,000 cu ft/s)[3] |
| • minimum | (Period: 1985–2013)1,180 m3/s (42,000 cu ft/s)[3] |
| • maximum | (Period: 1985–2013)8,850 m3/s (313,000 cu ft/s)[3] |
| Discharge | |
| • location | Camiaco (Basin size: 128,800 km2 (49,700 sq mi) |
| • average | (Period: 1985–2013)2,180 m3/s (77,000 cu ft/s)[3] |
| • minimum | (Period: 1985–2013)750 m3/s (26,000 cu ft/s) [3] |
| • maximum | (Period: 1985–2013)3,900 m3/s (140,000 cu ft/s)[3] |
| Basin features | |
| Progression | Madeira → Amazon → Atlantic Ocean |
| River system | Amazon |
| Tributaries | |
| • left | Chapare, Isiboro, Apere, Yacuma, San Miguel, Yata |
| • right | Rio Grande, Ibare, Guaporé, Pacaás Novo |
An extensive pre-Columbian civilization existed in the basin of the Mamore in the swampy area known as the Llanos de Moxos, in northeastern Bolivia.
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Ziesler, R.; Ardizzone, G.D. (1979). "Amazon River System". The Inland waters of Latin America. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. ISBN 92-5-000780-9. Archived from the original on 21 October 2013.
- ^ a b c "Amazon".
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Molina-Carpio, Jorge; Espinoza, Jhan Carlo; Vauchel, Philippe; Ronchail, Josyane; Gutierrez Caloir, Beatriz; Guyot, Jean-Loup; Noriega, Luis (2017). "Hydroclimatology of the Upper Madeira River basin: Spatio-temporal variability and trends". Hydrological Sciences Journal. 62 (6): 911–927. doi:10.1080/02626667.2016.1267861. S2CID 133578964.
- ^ Franz Keller, The Amazon and Madeira Rivers, (New York , 1874)
- This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Mamoré". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
- Edward D. Mathews, Up the Amazon and Madeira Rivers (London, 1879).
