MLI may refer to:
- .mli, OCaml module file name extension.
- The Macdonald-Laurier Institute, Canadian think tank
- The FIFA country code for Mali
- MedicoLegal Investigations Ltd, UK company
- Quad City International Airport, Moline, Illinois, US, IATA code
- Multilateral Convention to Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures to Prevent Base Erosion and Profit Shifting
- Multi-layer insulation, used on spacecraft
- Muslim Leadership Initiative
- Roman numeral for 1051