The first series of Love Island România is set to begin broadcasting on 1 October 2023 on Pro TV and Voyo.[1] Alina Ceușan hosted the series while Dragoș Răduță provided voice-over narration.[2][3][4]
Love Island România | |
---|---|
Season 1 | |
Release | |
Original network | |
Original release | 1 October 10 November 2023 | –
On 10 November 2023 the series was won by Adrian Butușină and Anne-Marie Dan, with Călin Băcănici and Denisa as runners-up[5]
Format
editLove Island is a reality television program in which a group of contestants, who are referred to as "Islanders", are living in a villa in Tenerife. The Islanders are cut off from the outside world and are under constant video surveillance. To survive in the villa, the Islanders must be in a relationship with another Islander. The Islanders couple up for the first time on first impressions but they are later forced to "re-couple" at special ceremonies in which they can choose to remain with their current partners or to switch partners. At the villa, the couples must share a bed for sleeping and are permitted to talk with other Islanders at any time, allowing them to get to know everyone.
The Islanders are presented with many games and challenges that are designed to test their physical and mental abilities, after which the winners are sometimes presented with special prizes, such as a night at the Hideaway or a special date.
Islanders can be eliminated, or "dumped", for several reasons; these include remaining single after a re-coupling and by public vote through the Love Island mobile app.[6] During the show's final week, members of the public vote to decide which couple should win the series; the couple who receive the most votes win.
At the envelope ceremony on finale night, the couple who received the highest number of votes from the public receive two envelopes, one for each partner. One envelope contains €50,000 and the other contains nothing. The partner with the envelope may choose whether to share the money with his or her partner as a test of trust and commitment.
Islanders
editOn 28 August 2023, it was announced on social media, that on the first day 10 single Islanders will enter the villa.[7] The original Islanders for the tenth series were announced on 24 September 2023, one week before the series launch.[8][9]
Islander | Age | Hometown | Occupation | Entered | Exit | Status | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adrian Butușină | 29 | Tulcea, Tulcea | Personal trainer | Day 1 | Winner | [10] | |
Anne-Marie Dan | 23 | Giurgiu, Giurgiu | Law student | Day 4 | Winner | [11] | |
Călin Bocănici | 29 | Cluj-Napoca, Cluj | Dermopigmentist | Day 4 | Runner-up | [12] | |
Denisa Pop | 25 | Cluj-Napoca, Cluj | Model | Day 28 | Runner-up | [13] | |
Alexia Filip | 20 | Bolintin-Vale, Giurgiu | Model | Day 26 | Third place | [14] | |
Denis Iuga | 21 | Bistrița, Bistrița-Năsăud | Video creator | Day 1 | Third place | [15] | |
Luis Giurcă | 24 | Cernavodă, Constanța | Nuclear engineer | Day 17 | Dumped | ||
Nargi Gaidarovna | 23 | Chișinău, Moldova | Business owner | Day 1 | Dumped | [16] | |
Diana Simota | 22 | Iași, Iași | Model | Day 10 | Dumped | [17] | |
Răzvan Popa | 24 | Râmnicu Vâlcea, Vâlcea | Brazilian jiu-jitsu instructor | Day 26 | Dumped | [18] | |
Andrei Bordeianu | 26 | Bucharest | Civil engineer | Day 1 | Dumped | [19] | |
Alexandra Ebru | 26 | Ploiești, Prahova | Make-up artist | Day | Dumped | [20] | |
Ada Ileana | 26 | Bucharest | English teacher | Day 1 | Dumped | [21] | |
Kiprianos Cimuca | 22 | Tripolitza, Greece / Cluj-Napoca, Cluj | Fitness model | Day 12 | Day 30 | Dumped | [22] |
Josefinka Szmolena | 21 | Oradea, Bihor | Flight attendant | Day 1 | Day 28 | Dumped | [23] |
Alexandra Balea | 23 | Cluj-Napoca, Cluj | Medical student | Day 1 | Day 25 | Walked | [24] |
Vlad | 20 | Bucharest | Influencer | Day 16 | Day 24 | Dumped | [25] |
Cerasela | 25 | Călărași, Călărași | Make-up artist | Day 7 | Day 21 | Dumped | [26] |
Eduard Caba | 24 | Brașov, Brașov | Legal assistant | Day 1 | Day 21 | Dumped | [27] |
Mădălina Rancea | 26 | Bârlad, Vaslui | Sales consultant | Day 1 | Day 14 | Dumped | [28] |
Roxana Dancof | 24 | Craiova, Dolj | Hostess | Day 7 | Day 7 | Dumped | [29] |
Valentin Popescu | 27 | Bucharest | Content creator | Day 1 | Day 6 | Walked | [30] |
Gabriela Ilișiu | 23 | Cluj-Napoca, Cluj | Singer | Day 1 | Day 5 | Dumped | [31] |
Production
editDevelopment and filming
editIn spring 2023, it was announced by ITV Studios that a Romanian version of Love Island was in pre-production. The series was officially announced by Pro TV on May 12, 2023, with the applications being open immediately for all singles men and women, all around Romania. The first teaser trailer, featuring islanders from British version of the show in a 30s airline themed promo, was released also on 12 May. With the second teaser trailer released on 29 June, the prize of €50.000 was revealed.[32][33][34] On 5 August 2023, Pro TV released the third trailer for the series, a thirty-second teaser featuring a group of young people running on the beach to get a place in the villa, as narrator exclaims "In the game of love, only the fittest succeed".
On 21 August 2023, it was announced that Alina Ceușan would be hosting the show.[35][36][37] Following the announcement, Ceușan said on her Instagram account: "We've kept this secret from you for a while, but now it's time: I'm thrilled to let you know I'll be your host on Love Island Romania this fall. The very first season of the original show that wowed the world will be a challenge for all of us and I'm proud to be part of this huge project that celebrates couples and the love that brings them together. Embark on this journey with us this fall on Voyo and Pro TV. I'll see you there."
Casting
editAuditions for the first season of the show were officially announced on May 12, 2023 with the show looking to make use of their social media accounts to start their audition drive for the new season. To do this, they made use of promotional ads using footage taken from the show's intro theme, as well as using persuasive captions surrounding the ideals of finding love. The producers as usual were looking for young and attractive single boys and girls between the ages 18 and 35, looking to get potential applicants to fill out an extensive application form through the use of their website. This application form would detail general personal details, such as name, gender and age, as well as asking potential islanders questions surrounding their suitability for the show. According to Pro TV, in the first days of casting, thousands single people interested in the official application link of Love Island România.[38][39][40]
Villa
editThe islanders live together in the villa, where 24 hours a day their every word and every action is recorded by cameras and microphones in all the rooms in the villa. The location for the series was not initially confirmed, but it was teased as "an exotic location". On 21 August, following the announcement of the host, Alina Ceușan, announced on her Facebook page that the villa vill be in Tenerife.[41]
On 23 August 2023, on official website, it were published some photos from inside the villa. The villa has a variety of luxury features, such as a large outside pool and kitchen area, day-beds, the iconic beach-hut, lounge and bedrooms.[42]
Broadcast
editThe series is scheduled to premiere on October 1, 2023 on Voyo and the day before on Pro TV[43][44] and will air from Sunday to Friday at 11:30 p.m.[45][46]
Coupling and elimination history
editWeek & Day → Islander ↓
|
Week 1 | Week 2 | Week 3 | Week 4 | Week 5 | Week 6 | ||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Day 1 | Day 2 | Day 5 | Day 7 | Day 12 | Day 14 | Day 17 | Day 21 | Day 24 | Day 26 | Day 28 | Day 30 | Day 35 | Day 38 | Day | Day | |||||||||
Adrian | Josefinka | Anne-Marie | Diana to save |
Anne-Marie | N/A | Anne-Marie | Safe | Anne-Marie | N/A | Anne-Marie | Safe | Anne-Marie | Răzvan & Diana to dump |
Safe | Winner (Day ) | |||||||||
Anne-Marie | Not in Villa | Adrian | N/A | Adrian | Vulnerable | Adrian | Safe | Adrian | Vulnerable | Adrian | Safe | Adrian | Răzvan & Diana to dump |
Safe | Winner (Day ) | |||||||||
Călin | Not in Villa | Nargi | Diana to save |
Single | N/A | Diana | Vulnerable | Josefinka | N/A | Alexia | Safe | Denisa | Adrian & Anne-Maria to dump |
Safe | Runner-up (Day ) | |||||||||
Denisa | Not in Villa | Immune | Denis | Safe | Călin | Răzvan & Diana to dump |
Safe | Runner-up (Day ) | ||||||||||||||||
Alexia | Not in Villa | Denis | Vulnerable | Călin | Safe | Denis | Răzvan & Diana to dump |
Safe | Third place (Day ) | |||||||||||||||
Denis | Ada | Nargi | Mădălina | Diana to save |
Mădălina | N/A | Alexandra B. | Safe | Alexandra B. | Alexia | N/A | Denisa | Safe | Alexia | Răzvan & Diana to dump |
Safe | Third place (Day ) | |||||||
Nargi | Single | Denis | Călin | N/A | Kiprianos | Vulnerable | Kiprianos | Vulnerable | Kiprianos | Răzvan | Vulnerable | Răzvan | Safe | Luis | Călin & Denisa to dump |
Eliminated | Dumped (Day ) | |||||||
Luis | Not in Villa | Immune | Diana | N/A | Diana | Safe | Nargi | Răzvan & Diana to dump |
Eliminated | Dumped (Day ) | ||||||||||||||
Diana | Not in Villa | Vulnerable | Single | Vulnerable | Călin | Vulnerable | Luis | Vulnerable | Luis | Safe | Răzvan | Călin & Denisa to dump |
Dumped (Day ) | |||||||||||
Răzvan | Not in Villa | Nargi | N/A | Nargi | Safe | Diana | Luis & Nargi to dump |
Dumped (Day ) | ||||||||||||||||
Alexandra E. | Not in Villa | Andrei | Eliminated | Dumped (Day 38) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Andrei | Gabriela | Ada | Diana to save |
Ada | Mădălina to dump |
Ada | Safe | Ada | N/A | Ada | Alexandra E. | Eliminated | Dumped (Day 38) | |||||||||||
Ada | Denis | Single | Andrei | N/A | Andrei | Vulnerable | Andrei | Safe | Andrei | Vulnerable | Andrei | Single | Dumped (Day 35) | |||||||||||
Kiprianos | Not in Villa | Nargi | N/A | Nargi | Vulnerable | Nargi | Single | N/A | Single | Dumped (Day 30) | ||||||||||||||
Josefinka | Adrian | Eduard | N/A | Eduard | Vulnerable | Single | Vlad | Safe | Călin | Vulnerable | Dumped (Day 28) | |||||||||||||
Alexandra B. | Valentin | Valentin | N/A | Single | Vulnerable | Denis | Safe | Denis | Walked (Day 25) | |||||||||||||||
Vlad | Not in Villa | Josefinka | Safe | Single | Dumped (Day 24) | |||||||||||||||||||
Cerasela | Not in Villa | Vulnerable | Single | Vulnerable | Eduard | Vulnerable | Dumped (Day 21) | |||||||||||||||||
Eduard | Mădălina | Josefinka | Diana to save |
Josefinka | N/A | Cerasela | Vulnerable | Dumped (Day 21) | ||||||||||||||||
Mădălina | Eduard | Denis | N/A | Denis | Vulnerable | Dumped (Day 14) | ||||||||||||||||||
Roxana | Not in Villa | Vulnerable | Dumped (Day 7) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Valentin | Alexandra B. | Alexandra B. | Walked (Day 6) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Gabriela | Andrei | Single | Dumped (Day 5) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Notes | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | None | 8 | |||||||||||||||
Walked | None | Valentin | None | Alexandra B. | None | |||||||||||||||||||
Dumped | No Dumping |
Gabriela Failed to couple up |
Roxana Boy's choice to dump |
No Dumping |
Mădălina Andrei's choice to dump |
No Dumping |
Eduard Girl's choice to dump |
Vlad Failed to couple up |
No Dumping |
Josefinka Boy's choice to dump |
Kiprianos Failed to couple up |
Ada Andrei's choice to dump |
Andrei & Alexandra E. Romania's choice to dump |
Răzvan & Diana 6 of 10 votes to dump |
Luis & Nargi Romania's choice to dump |
Denis & Alexia Third–most votes to win | ||||||||
Cerasela Boy's choice to dump |
Călin & Denisa Second–most votes to win | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Adrian & Anne-Marie Most votes to win |
Notes
edit- ^Note 1 : Nargi entered after the first coupling and was told that after twenty-four hours she would be allowed to steal a boy from another girl. On Day 2, Nargi chose to couple up with Denis, leaving Ada single. All other Day 1 couples remained the same.
- ^Note 2 : Romania voted for their favorite girl to save from dumping. The girl who received the most votes were granted safety. Romania saved Ada.
- ^Note 3 : Romania voted for their favorite new girl to save from dumping. Romania saved Cerasela, leaving Diana and Roxana vulnerable to being dumped. Then, the guys had to collectively choose to save either Diana or Roxana. Diana was saved, meaning that Roxana was dumped from Love Island.
- ^Note 4 : Kiprianos entered after the initial re-coupling and was told that after twenty-four hours he would be allowed to steal a girl from another guy. Later, Kiprianos chose to couple up with Nargi, leaving Călin single. All other Day 5 couples remained the same.
- ^Note 5 : Romania voted for their favorite boys. The favourite boy who received the most votes was granted safety and then had to decide which girl to dump. Andrei received the most votes and then he choose Mădălina to dump.
- ^Note 6 : Josefinka failed to couple up at the re-coupling ceremony. Later, a new bombshell, Vlad arrived, but was told he would be able to save Josefinka or enter in the villa single. He choose to save her and they were automatically coupled up.
- ^Note 7 : Romania voted for their favorite couple, with the four couples with the most votes being safe. Since Luis was single, he was granted immunity from the vote. The four saved girls then had to decide which vulnerable man to dump, choosing Eduard, and the four saved boys had to decide which vulnerable woman to dump, choosing Cerasela.
- ^Note 8 : Alexia and Răzvan entered after the initial re-coupling and were told that after twenty-four hours they would be allowed to steal a girl/boy from another girl/guy. Later, Alexia chose to couple up with Denis and Răzvan chose to couple up with Nargi leaving Kiprianos single. All other couples remained the same.
References
edit- ^ "Love Island: Fenomenul global care cucerește inimile spectatorilor în peste 25 de țări". Pro TV. 10 July 2023. Retrieved 10 July 2023.
- ^ "Dragoș Răduță este vocea Love Island România! El va povesti trăirile concurenților celui mai fierbinte reality show". Pro TV. 19 September 2023. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ^ "DRAGOȘ RĂDUȚĂ SE ALĂTURĂ ECHIPEI PRO TV. DJ-UL VA DA GLAS TRĂIRILOR CONCURENȚILOR LOVE ISLAND ROMANIA. PRIMELE DECLARAȚII". TV Mania. 22 September 2023. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
- ^ "Love Island are voce. Pro TV a "furat" unul dintre DJ-ii de la Virgin Radio". Pagina de Media. 19 September 2023. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
- ^ "Anne și Adrian au câștigat marea finală Love Island România! Povestea continuă într-un nou show incitant, pe VOYO!". Pro TV. 11 November 2023. Retrieved 11 November 2023.
- ^ "Prima sesiune de vot pe aplicația Love Island! Fanii decid unde va avea loc prima întâlnire romantică din emisiune". Pagina de Media. 27 September 2023. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
- ^ "LOVE ISLAND - Alina Ceușan: "Când aduci într-o casă zece oameni sexy, single, ready to mingle, se întâmplă lucruri cool"". Pro TV. 28 August 2023. Archived from the original on 28 August 2023. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
- ^ "Love Island îşi arată concurenţii. 5 fete şi 5 băieţi se "luptă" pentru 50.000 de euro". Pagina de Media. 24 September 2023. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ "Concurenții Love Island România au ajuns în Tenerife! Ce se întâmplă cu ei până se dă startul filmărilor". Pro TV. 28 September 2023. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
- ^ "Cine este Adrian Butușină, concurent la Love Island România: "Îmi place să fiu singur... cu mai multe fete!"". Pro TV. 27 September 2023. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
- ^ "Love Island, 4 octombrie. Surpriză de proporții! Cine sunt Anne-Marie și Călin, care îi invită pe doi concurenți la o cină romantică". Pro TV. 4 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ^ "Love Island, 4 octombrie. Surpriză de proporții! Cine sunt Anne-Marie și Călin, care îi invită pe doi concurenți la o cină romantică". Pro TV. 4 October 2023. Retrieved 5 October 2023.
- ^ "Denisa, noul bombshell, își face apariția în vila Love Island România: "Caut un bărbat puternic, matur și protector"". Pro TV. 25 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023.
- ^ "Cine sunt Alexia și Răzvan, noile bombshell-uri de la Love Island România. Denis: "Deci când a intrat, m-am blocat!"". Pro TV. 23 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ^ "Cine este Denis Iuga, concurent la Love Island România. Are peste 150.000 de fani pe TikTok". Pro TV. 24 September 2023. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
- ^ "Love Island, 2 octombrie. Apariție de senzație în vila Love Island! Nargi, primul Bombshell, i-a cucerit pe toți". Pro TV. 2 October 2023. Archived from the original on 3 October 2023. Retrieved 2 October 2023.
- ^ "Love Island, 9 octombrie. Diana face cunoștință cu cei cinci băieți din vilă". Pro TV. 9 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ "Cine sunt Alexia și Răzvan, noile bombshell-uri de la Love Island România. Denis: "Deci când a intrat, m-am blocat!"". Pro TV. 23 October 2023. Retrieved 25 October 2023.
- ^ "Cine este Andrei Bordeianu, concurent la Love Island România: "Mușchii nu înseamnă doar look"". Pro TV. 28 September 2023. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 28 September 2023.
- ^ "Love Island, 30 octombrie 2023. Alexandra, bombshell-ul suprem, destramă un cuplu pentru 12 ore. Cine este băiatul cu care își va petrece noaptea". Pro TV. 30 October 2023. Retrieved 5 November 2023.
- ^ "Cine este Ada Ileana de la Love Island România. Tânăra de 26 de ani este pregătită să își găsească jumătatea". Pro TV. 24 September 2023. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ "Love Island, 11 octombrie. Surpriză mare pentru fete: Kiprianos intră în competiție, în stil grecesc". Pro TV. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
- ^ "Josephinka, stewardesa care participă la Love Island România: "Îmi plac bărbații cu simțul umorului"". Pro TV. 24 September 2023. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ "Alexandra, studenta la medicină de la Love Island România: "Dacă îmi place cineva, fac eu primul pas"". Pro TV. 24 September 2023. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ "Love Island 2023, 15 octombrie. Josefinka formează un cuplu cu Vlad, noul concurent sosit în vilă". Pro TV. 15 October 2023. Retrieved 22 October 2023.
- ^ "Love Island, 9 octombrie. Cerasela face cunoștință cu băieții din vilă. Cine i-a atras atenția". Pro TV. 9 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ "Eduard, top modelul care participă la Love Island România: "Sunt gata să încerc ceva de durată"". Pro TV. 24 September 2023. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ "Cine este Mădălina Rancea, concurentă la Love Island România: Ce e al meu, e pus deoparte". Pro TV. 24 September 2023. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ^ "Love Island, 9 octombrie. Roxana își dorește să cunoască dragostea adevărată. Ce băieți îi plac". Pro TV. 9 October 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023.
- ^ "Cine este Valentin Popescu, concurent la Love Island România: "Sunt deschis chiar și la o relație pe viață"". Pro TV. 27 September 2023. Archived from the original on 27 September 2023. Retrieved 27 September 2023.
- ^ "Gabriela, bruneta seducătoare care participă la Love Island România: "Mă îndrăgostesc repede"". Pro TV. 24 September 2023. Archived from the original on 5 October 2023. Retrieved 29 September 2023.
- ^ "Şi Pro TV va avea un fel de Insula iubirii: Love Island. Antena 1 voia formatul acum trei ani". Pagina de Media. 12 May 2023. Archived from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
- ^ "Show-ul care a încins imaginația întregului mapamond vine în România. Love Island, originalul, în curând pe VOYO și PRO TV". Știrile Pro TV. 12 May 2023. Archived from the original on 12 May 2023. Retrieved 12 May 2023.
- ^ "Love Island, formatul care a cucerit și a aprins imaginația a milioane de telespectatori din peste 25 de teritorii". Radar de Media. 18 May 2023. Archived from the original on 3 June 2023. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
- ^ "Alina Ceușan, cele mai proaspete declarații despre emisiunea Love Island România: "Un show efervescent"". Pro TV. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- ^ "Pro TV anunţă gazda emisiunii Love Island. Este o influenceriţă cu aproape un milion de fani pe Instagram". Pagina de Media. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- ^ "Alina Ceușan, gazda show-ului Love Island România: "Abia aștept să văd cu ce provocări vine la pachet"". Pro TV. 22 August 2023. Archived from the original on 23 August 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2023.
- ^ "Mii de români s-au înscris la emisiunea Love Island, din primele zile de casting". Pro TV. 11 July 2023. Archived from the original on 11 July 2023. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
- ^ "7 lucruri pe care nu le știai despre Love Island România". Știrile Pro TV. 19 June 2023. Archived from the original on 21 June 2023. Retrieved 21 June 2023.
- ^ "Mii de români au decorat instalația Love Island România". Radar de Media. 28 July 2023. Archived from the original on 28 July 2023. Retrieved 28 July 2023.
- ^ "Imagini de pe insulă! Cum arată vila în care cei 10 concurenți de la Love Island vor locui împreună". Pro TV. 23 August 2023. Archived from the original on 3 September 2023. Retrieved 3 September 2023.
- ^ "Imagini de pe insulă! Cum arată vila în care cei 10 concurenți de la Love Island vor locui împreună". Radar de Media. 23 August 2023. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
- ^ "Cel mai așteptat reality show al momentului, Love Island România, începe în 1 octombrie, pe VOYO, și a doua zi, pe PRO TV!". Pro TV. 15 September 2023. Archived from the original on 28 September 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ "VIDEO. Pro TV anunţă premiera Love Island. Când începe? Şi unde poate fi urmărit înainte de debutul la TV". Pagina de Media. 15 September 2023. Archived from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 15 September 2023.
- ^ "Toamna aceasta, trăiești emoțiile la PRO TV și VOYO! "Tocmai a fost anunțată grila cu cele mai multe lansări"". Pro TV. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.
- ^ "Grila de toamnă Pro TV. Când încep Vocea României, Visuri la cheie şi serialele Groapa şi Clanul". Pagina de Media. 21 August 2023. Archived from the original on 21 August 2023. Retrieved 21 August 2023.