List of people executed by the United States federal government
The following is a list of people executed by the United States federal government.
Post- Gregg executions
editSixteen executions (none of them military) have occurred in the modern post-Gregg era.[1] Since 1976, sixteen people have been executed under federal jurisdiction by the United States federal government. All were executed by lethal injection at the United States Penitentiary in Terre Haute, Indiana.[2]
No. | Name | Race | Age | Sex | Date of execution | State | Method | Victim(s) | President |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Timothy James McVeigh | White | 33 | M | June 11, 2001 | Oklahoma | Lethal injection | 8 federal law enforcement officers[a] | George W. Bush |
2 | Juan Raul Garza | Hispanic | 44 | M | June 19, 2001 | Texas | Thomas Albert Rumbo, Gilberto Matos, and Erasmo De La Fuente[b] | ||
3 | Louis Jones Jr. | Black | 53 | M | March 18, 2003 | U.S. Army Private Tracie Joy McBride | |||
4 | Daniel Lewis Lee | White | 47 | M | July 14, 2020 | Arkansas | William Frederick Mueller, Nancy Ann Mueller, and Sarah Elizabeth Powell | Donald Trump | |
5 | Wesley Ira Purkey | White | 68 | M | July 16, 2020 | Missouri[c] | Jennifer Long[d] | ||
6 | Dustin Lee Honken | White | 52 | M | July 17, 2020 | Iowa | 5 murder victims[e] | ||
7 | Lezmond Charles Mitchell | Native American | 38 | M | August 26, 2020 | Arizona | Alyce Slim and Tiffany Lee | ||
8 | Keith Dwayne Nelson | White | 45 | M | August 28, 2020 | Missouri | Pamela Butler | ||
9 | William Emmett LeCroy Jr. | White | 50 | M | September 22, 2020 | Georgia | Joann Lee Tiesler | ||
10 | Christopher Andre Vialva | Black | 40 | M | September 24, 2020 | Texas[f] | Todd Bagley and Stacie Bagley | ||
11 | Orlando Cordia Hall | Black | 49 | M | November 19, 2020 | Lisa Rene | |||
12 | Brandon Anthony Micah Bernard | Black | 40 | M | December 10, 2020 | Todd Bagley and Stacie Bagley | |||
13 | Alfred Bourgeois | Black | 56 | M | December 11, 2020 | Jakaren Harrison | |||
14 | Lisa Marie Montgomery | White | 52 | F | January 13, 2021 | Missouri | Bobbie Jo Stinnett | ||
15 | Corey Johnson | Black | 52 | M | January 14, 2021 | Virginia | 7 murder victims[g] | ||
16 | Dustin John Higgs | Black | 48 | M | January 16, 2021 | Maryland | Tamika Black, Tanji Jackson, and Mishann Chinn |
Demographics
editRace | ||
---|---|---|
Black | 7 | 44% |
White | 7 | 44% |
Hispanic | 1 | 6% |
Native American | 1 | 6% |
Age | ||
30–39 | 2 | 13% |
40–49 | 7 | 44% |
50–59 | 6 | 38% |
60–69 | 1 | 6% |
Sex | ||
Male | 15 | 94% |
Female | 1 | 6% |
Date of execution | ||
1976–1979 | 0 | 0% |
1980–1989 | 0 | 0% |
1990–1999 | 0 | 0% |
2000–2009 | 3 | 19% |
2010–2019 | 0 | 0% |
2020–2029 | 13 | 81% |
Method | ||
Lethal injection | 16 | 100% |
President (Party) | ||
Gerald Ford (R) | 0 | 0% |
Jimmy Carter (D) | 0 | 0% |
Ronald Reagan (R) | 0 | 0% |
George H. W. Bush (R) | 0 | 0% |
Bill Clinton (D) | 0 | 0% |
George W. Bush (R) | 3 | 19% |
Barack Obama (D) | 0 | 0% |
Donald Trump (R) | 13 | 81% |
Joe Biden (D) | 0 | 0% |
Total | 16 | 100% |
Earlier non-military executions, 1900 to 1963
editFrom 1790 to 1963, there were 332 Federal, 271 Territorial and 40 Indian Tribunal executions according to the most complete records.[3] The youngest person executed was James Arcene on June 18, 1885, at the age of 23 for his role in a robbery and murder committed when he was 10 years old.
Name | Method | Offense | Date of execution | Location | Note | President |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Allen Walkingshield | Hanging | Murder on an Indian reservation | October 24, 1902 | Minnehaha County Jail, Sioux Falls, South Dakota | Killed a woman on the Rosebud Indian Reservation.[4] | Theodore Roosevelt |
George Bear | Hanging | Murder on an Indian reservation | December 5, 1902 | Minnehaha County Jail, Sioux Falls, South Dakota | Killed two men on the Rosebud Indian Reservation.[5] | |
Charles Barrett | Hanging | Murder on an Indian reservation | July 17, 1903 | Federal Jail, McAlester, Oklahoma | Convicted of robbing and killing an elderly man on Indian territory near Calvin, Oklahoma.[6] | |
Dora Wright | Hanging | Murder on an Indian reservation | July 17, 1903 | Federal Jail, McAlester, Oklahoma | Convicted of beating, torturing and mutilating her young stepdaughter, Bessie Williams at their home in Moshulatubbee District located near Wilburton, Oklahoma. [7] | |
Rufus Binyon | Hanging | Murder on an Indian reservation | September 22, 1905 | Federal Jail, Ardmore, Oklahoma | Convicted of raping and murdering an eight year old orphan girl in his care at his home in May, 1900 on Indian territory. [8] | |
Grant Williams | Hanging | Murder on an Indian reservation | November 3, 1905 | Federal Jail, McAlester, Oklahoma | Convicted of murdering railroad paymaster in dispute over paycheck on October 19, 1904 near Ardmore, Oklahoma. [9] | |
Harry Scott | Hanging | Murder on the high seas | July 6, 1906 | New Hanover County Jail, Wilmington, North Carolina | Killed five crew members during a mutiny aboard the vessel the Harry Berwind.[10] | |
Robert Cotton | Hanging | Murder on an Indian reservation | September 4, 1906 | Federal Jail, Vinita, Oklahoma | Convicted of fatally stabbing his wife at their home in Vian, Oklahoma on August 6, 1905. [11] | |
John Goodwin | Hanging | Murder on an Indian reservation | May 13, 1913 | Gila County Jail, Gila County, Arizona | Killed two merchants on the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation.[12] | Woodrow Wilson |
William Stewart | Hanging | Murder on an Indian reservation | May 30, 1914 | |||
Henry Brown | Hanging | Murder on federal property | September 1, 1921 | Baltimore City Jail, Baltimore, Maryland | Killed a nurse at the U.S. Naval Academy in Annapolis.[13] | Warren Harding |
Sam Greenhill | Hanging | Murder on federal property | October 9, 1925 | Lauderdale County Jail, Florence, Alabama | Killed a War Department police officer who had apprehended him poaching near the Nitrate Plant No. 1 at the federal reservation in Muscle Shoals.[14][15] | Calvin Coolidge |
George Sujyanmie | Hanging | Murder on military reservation | October 10, 1925 | Fort Whipple, Prescott, Arizona | Killed a man on the grounds of Fort Whipple, Arizona.[16] | |
James Alderman | Hanging | Murder on the high seas | August 17, 1929 | Coast Guard Base Six, Fort Lauderdale, Florida | Killed two U.S. coastguardsmen and a Secret Service agent.[17] | Herbert Hoover |
Carl Panzram | Hanging | Murder | September 5, 1930 | United States Penitentiary (USP), Leavenworth, Kansas | Killed a federal prison employee. Linked to 4 other murders; claimed to have killed 22 people. | |
George Barrett | Hanging | Murder of a federal officer | March 24, 1936 | Marion County Jail, Indiana | The first person to be executed under a law that made it a capital offense to kill a federal agent. | Franklin D. Roosevelt |
Arthur Gooch | Hanging | Kidnapping | June 19, 1936 | Oklahoma State Penitentiary, McAlester, Oklahoma | The only person executed under the Federal Kidnapping Act in which the victim did not die. | |
Earl Gardner | Hanging | Murder on an Indian reservation | July 12, 1936 | Coolidge Dam, Gila County, Arizona | Killed his wife and son on the San Carlos Apache Indian Reservation.[18] | |
Anthony Chebatoris | Hanging | Murder during a bank robbery | July 8, 1938 | Federal Correctional Institution (FCI), Milan, Michigan | The only person ever to be executed from the State of Michigan since its admission to the Union. | |
Henry Seadlund | Electrocution | Kidnapping and murder | July 14, 1938 | Cook County Jail, Illinois | Killed a man during a kidnapping for ransom.[19] | |
Robert Suhay | Hanging | Murder of a federal officer | August 12, 1938 | United States Penitentiary (USP), Leavenworth, Kansas | Killed an FBI agent during an attempted arrest.[20][21] | |
Glenn Applegate | Hanging | Murder of a federal officer | ||||
James Dalhover | Electrocution | Bank robbery and murder | November 18, 1938 | Indiana State Prison, Michigan City, Indiana | Killed an Indiana State Police trooper during a bank robbery in Logansport, Indiana on May 25, 1937.[22][23] | |
Nelson Charles | Hanging | Murder | November 10, 1939 | Federal Jail, Juneau, Alaska | Killed his mother-in-law in the Alaska federal territory.[24] | |
Herbert Hans Haupt | Electrocution | Espionage and attempted sabotage as unlawful combatants for Nazi Germany | August 8, 1942 | D.C. Jail, Washington, D.C. | Tried on July 8, 1942, by a military tribunal for their role in Operation Pastorius during World War II. | |
Richard Quirin | ||||||
Heinrich Heinck | ||||||
Edward Kerling | ||||||
Herman Neubauer | ||||||
Werner Thiel | ||||||
Clyde Arwood | Electrocution | Murder of a federal officer | August 14, 1943 | Tennessee State Prison, Nashville, Tennessee | Killed a federal agent during a moonshine raid. | |
Henry Ruhl | Gas inhalation | Murder on a government reservation | April 27, 1945 | Wyoming State Penitentiary, Rawlins, Wyoming | Killed a war production worker on federal property near Laramie.[25] | Harry S. Truman |
Austin Nelson | Hanging | Murder | March 1, 1948 | Federal Jail, Juneau, Alaska | Killed a Juneau grocery store owner in 1946.[26] | |
David Joseph Watson | Electrocution | Murder on the high seas | September 15, 1948 | Florida State Prison, near Raiford, Florida | Killed a fellow sailor on board the USS Stribling in 1946.[27] | |
Samuel Richard Shockley | Gas inhalation | Murder | December 3, 1948 | California State Penitentiary, San Quentin, California | Convicted for their roles in the Battle of Alcatraz. | |
Miran Edgar Thompson | Gas inhalation | Murder | ||||
Carlos Romero Ochoa | Gas inhalation | Murder of a federal officer | December 10, 1948 | California State Penitentiary, San Quentin, California | Killed an immigration patrol officer near Indio, California in 1947.[28] | |
Eugene LaMoore | Hanging | Murder | April 14, 1950 | Federal Jail, Juneau, Alaska | Killed a Juneau grocery store owner in 1946.[29] | |
Julius Rosenberg | Electrocution | Espionage | June 19, 1953 | New York State Prison, Sing Sing, Ossining, New York | Convicted for spying on behalf of the Soviet Union and leaking American military secrets, including nuclear weapons designs. | Dwight D. Eisenhower |
Ethel Rosenberg | ||||||
Carl Austin Hall | Gas inhalation | Kidnapping and murder | December 18, 1953 | Missouri State Penitentiary, Jefferson City, Missouri | Convicted of the kidnapping and murder of Bobby Greenlease. | |
Bonnie Emily Heady | Kidnapping and murder | |||||
Gerhard Puff | Electrocution | Murder of a federal officer | August 12, 1954 | New York State Prison, Sing Sing, Ossining, New York | Killed an FBI Special Agent. | |
Arthur Ross Brown | Gas inhalation | Kidnapping and murder | February 24, 1956 | Missouri State Penitentiary, Jefferson City, Missouri | Kidnapped and murdered Wilma Allen in Kansas City, Missouri.[30] | |
George Krull | Electrocution | Kidnapping and rape | August 21, 1957 | Georgia State Prison, Reidsville, Georgia | Kidnapped and raped a woman from Chattanooga, Tennessee. | |
Michael Krull | ||||||
Victor Feguer | Hanging | Kidnapping and murder | March 15, 1963 | Iowa State Penitentiary, Fort Madison, Iowa | Kidnapped and murdered a physician from Dubuque, Iowa. | John F. Kennedy |
Military executions
editThe United States military has executed 135 people since 1916. The most recent person to be executed by the military is U.S. Army Private John A. Bennett, executed on April 13, 1961, for rape and attempted murder. Since the end of the Civil War in 1865, only one person has been executed for a purely military offense: Private Eddie Slovik, who was executed on January 31, 1945, after being convicted of desertion.[31][32][33]
See also
editNotes
edit- ^ McVeigh was also responsible for the killing of 160 additional people and injuring over 680 others through the 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building.
- ^ The jury also found beyond a reasonable doubt that Garza was responsible for the murders of Antonio Nieto, Bernabe Sosa, Diana Flores Villareal, Oscar Cantu, and Fernando Escobar Garcia.
- ^ One of the victims was kidnapped from Missouri, but murdered in Kansas.
- ^ Purkey was also responsible for the murder of Mary Ruth Bales.
- ^ The 5 victims were: Greg Nicholson, Lori Ann Duncan, Kandace Duncan, Amber Duncan, and Terry DeGeus.
- ^ Orlando Cordia Hall's victim, Lisa Rene, was murdered in Arkansas.
- ^ The 7 victims were: Louis Johnson, Bobby Long, Anthony Carter, Dorothy Armstrong, Curtis Thorne, Linwood Chiles, and Peyton Johnson.
References
edit- ^ "BOP: Federal Executions". Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
- ^ "Executions Under the Federal Death Penalty". Death Penalty Information Center. Retrieved February 24, 2021.
- ^ 340 Federal, 271 Territorial and 40 Indian Tribunal Executions 1790 to 1963 Archived 2003-04-13 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved on 20 October 2008.
- ^ "Died with Joke on His Lips". Dayton (Ohio) Herald. 24 October 1902. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "George Bear Meets Death with Stoicism". The Black Hills (South Dakota) Union. 12 December 1902. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "First Death Sentences Ever Passed in Central District". The McAlester Capital. 11 June 1903. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
- ^ "First Death Sentences Ever Passed in Central District". The McAlester Capital. 11 June 1903. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
- ^ "Murderer Hanged - Rufus Binyon, Child Murderer, Pays Penalty of Crime Committed in May 1900". Faxon (OK) Weekly Star. 29 September 1905. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
- ^ "Williams to Hang - Jury Verdict in Murder Case Will Likely Bring Grant Williams to the Scaffold". The McAlester Capital. 21 January 1904. Retrieved 20 April 2024.
- ^ "Sailor to Hang - Convicted of Mutiny on the High Seas". Topeka (Kansas) Daily Herald. 6 July 1906. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "Murderer Hangs - Robert Cotton, Wife Murderer, Executed in Federal Jail at Vinita Tuesday". The Tuttle Times. 7 September 1906. Retrieved 21 April 2024.
- ^ "Hanged by the U.S. Government". The Muscatine (Iowa) Journal. 16 May 1913. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "Slayer of Buffalo Nurse Pays Penalty". The Buffalo News. 1 September 1921. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "Negro Slayer of Shoals Guard Hanged by Federal Government". Nashville Tennessean. 10 October 1925. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "Police Officer Harry S. White". Officer Down Memorial Page. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
- ^ "Indian Slayer Jokes as He Goes to His Death". Sioux City (Iowa) Journal. 11 October 1925. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "Alderman Dies Upon Gallows, Prayer on Lips". Miami (Florida) Daily News. 17 August 1929. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ O'Brien, Pat (13 July 1936). "Armed Deputies on Guard at Coolidge Dam for Execution". Arizona Daily Star. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "Seadlund Executed for Ross Killing". Richmond (Indiana) Item. 14 July 1938. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "U.S. Government Hangs Two New York Gunmen in Kansas for Murder of an Officer". Muncie Evening Press. 12 August 1938. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "Wimberly W. Baker". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
- ^ "Dalhover Dies for Slaying - 21 Witnesses See Gangster Walk to Chair". South Bend (Indiana) Tribune. 18 November 1938. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "Trooper Paul Vincent Minneman". Officer Down Memorial Page. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
- ^ "Alaska to Hang Man, First Killer Since 1901". Camden (New Jersey) Courier-Post. 8 November 1939. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "Goes to Death in Gas Chamber". The Billings Gazette. 28 April 1945. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "Nelson Hangs This Morning". Daily Sitka Sentinel. 1 March 1948. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "Negro Slayer Was Executed at Raiford". Miami (Florida) Herald. 16 September 1948. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "Anthony L. Oneto". U.S._Customs_and_Border_Protection. 24 October 1940. Retrieved May 30, 2021.
- ^ "Lamoore Hanged". Daily Sitka (Alaska) Sentinel. 14 April 1950. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ "Dies in the Gas Chamber - Arthur Ross Brown, Kidnap-Slayer of Mrs. Wilma Allen Is Pronounced Dead Eleven Minutes After Midnight". Kansas City Times. 24 February 1956. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
- ^ Simmons, Zena (August 25, 1999). "The Execution of Pvt. Eddie Slovik". The Detroit News. Archived from the original on May 25, 2012. Retrieved April 18, 2011.
- ^ The Execution of Private Slovik. Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific. 1993. ISBN 978-0-89941-845-2. Archived from the original on July 25, 2011. Retrieved April 20, 2011.
{{cite book}}
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ignored (help) - ^ Glass, Charles (2013). Deserter : the last untold story of the Second World War. London: HarperPress. ISBN 978-0-00-734592-2. OCLC 818449638.