List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
(Redirected from List of human cell types derived primarily from ectoderm)
This is a list of cells in humans derived from the three embryonic germ layers – ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm.
Cells derived from ectoderm
editSurface ectoderm
editSkin
editAnterior pituitary
editTooth enamel
editNeural crest
editPeripheral nervous system
editNeuroendocrine system
editSkin
editTeeth
editEyes
editNeural tube
editCentral nervous system
edit- Neuron
- Glia
- Astrocyte
- Ependymocytes
- Müller glia (retina)
- Oligodendrocyte
- Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
- Pituicyte (posterior pituitary)
Pineal gland
editCells derived from mesoderm
editParaxial mesoderm
editMesenchymal stem cell
editOsteochondroprogenitor cell
edit- Bone (Osteoblast → Osteocyte)
- Cartilage (Chondroblast → Chondrocyte)
Myofibroblast
edit- Fat
- Muscle
- Other
Other
edit- Digestive system
Intermediate mesoderm
editRenal stem cell
edit- Angioblast → Endothelial cell
- Mesangial cell
- Juxtaglomerular cell
- Macula densa cell
- Stromal cell → Interstitial cell → Telocytes
- Simple epithelial cell → Podocyte
- Kidney proximal tubule brush border cell
Reproductive system
edit- Sertoli cell
- Leydig cell
- Granulosa cell
- Peg cell
- Germ cells (which migrate here primordially)
Lateral plate mesoderm
editHematopoietic stem cell
editCirculatory system
edit- Endothelial progenitor cell
- Endothelial colony forming cell
- Endothelial stem cell
- Angioblast/Mesoangioblast
- Pericyte
- Mural cell
Body cavities
editCells derived from endoderm
editForegut
editRespiratory system
editDigestive system
editStomach
editIntestine
editLiver
editGallbladder
editExocrine component of pancreas
editIslets of Langerhans
edit- alpha cell
- beta cell
- delta cell
- PP cell (F cell, gamma cell)
- epsilon cell
Pharyngeal pouch
edit- Thyroid gland
- Parathyroid gland
Hindgut/cloaca
editSee also
editReferences
edit- ^ Hockman, Dorit; Burns, Alan J; Schlosser, Gerhard; Gates, Keith P; Jevans, Benjamin; Mongera, Alessandro; Fisher, Shannon; Unlu, Gokhan; Knapik, Ela W; Kaufman, Charles K; Mosimann, Christian; Zon, Leonard I; Lancman, Joseph J; Dong, P Duc S; Lickert, Heiko; Tucker, Abigail S; Baker, Clare V H (2017). "Evolution of the hypoxia-sensitive cells involved in amniote respiratory reflexes". eLife. 6: e21231. doi:10.7554/eLife.21231. PMC 5438250. PMID 28387645.
- ^ Nilsson M, Williams D (July 2016). "On the Origin of Cells and Derivation of Thyroid Cancer: C Cell Story Revisited". European Thyroid Journal. 5 (2): 79–93. doi:10.1159/000447333. PMC 4949372. PMID 27493881.