List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita

The figures presented here do not take into account differences in the cost of living in different countries, and the results vary greatly from one year to another based on fluctuations in the exchange rates of the country's currency. Such fluctuations change a country's ranking from one year to the next, even though they often make little or no difference to the standard of living of its population.

Countries or territories by GDP (nominal) per capita in 2023
  >$60,000
  $50,000–$60,000
  $40,000–$50,000
  $30,000–$40,000
  $20,000–$30,000
  $10,000–$20,000
  $5,000–$10,000
  $2,500–$5,000
  $1,000–$2,500
  $500–$1,000
  <$500
  No data

GDP per capita is often considered an indicator of a country's standard of living;[1][2] however, this is inaccurate because GDP per capita is not a measure of personal income.

Comparisons of national income are also frequently made on the basis of purchasing power parity (PPP), to adjust for differences in the cost of living in different countries (see List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita). PPP largely removes the exchange rate problem but not others; it does not reflect the value of economic output in international trade, and it also requires more estimation than GDP per capita. On the whole, PPP per capita figures are more narrowly spread than nominal GDP per capita figures.

Non-sovereign entities (the world, continents, and some dependent territories) and states with limited international recognition are included in the list in cases in which they appear in the sources. These economies are not ranked in the charts here (except Kosovo and Taiwan), but are listed in sequence by GDP for comparison. In addition, non-sovereign entities are marked in italics.

Four UN members (Cuba, Liechtenstein, Monaco and North Korea) do not belong to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), hence their economies are not ranked below. Kosovo, despite not being a member of the United Nations, is a member of IMF. Taiwan is not a IMF member but it is still listed in the official IMF indices.

Several leading GDP-per-capita (nominal) jurisdictions may be considered tax havens, and their GDP data subject to material distortion by tax-planning activities. Examples include Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Ireland and Luxembourg.[3]

All data are in current United States dollars. Historical data can be found here.

Table

The table initially ranks each country or territory by its IMF estimate, and can be reranked by any of the sources.

GDP (in USD) per capita by country, territory, non-sovereign state or non-IMF member
Country/Territory IMF[4][5] World Bank[6] United Nations[7]
Estimate Year Estimate Year Estimate Year
  Monaco 240,862 2022 234,317 2021
  Liechtenstein 187,267 2022 169,260 2021
  Luxembourg 131,384 2024 128,259 2023 133,745 2021
  Bermuda 123,091 2022 112,653 2021
  Ireland 106,059 2024 103,685 2023 101,109 2021
  Switzerland 105,669 2024 99,995 2023 93,525 2021
  Cayman Islands 96,074 2022 85,250 2021
  Norway 94,660 2024 87,962 2023 89,242 2021
  Isle of Man 94,124 2021
  Singapore 88,447 2024 84,734 2023 66,822 2021
  United States 85,373 2024 81,695 2023 69,185 2021
  Iceland 84,594 2024 78,811 2023 69,133 2021
  Qatar 81,400 2024 87,480 2022 66,799 2021
  Macau 78,962 2024 66,835 2023 43,555 2021
  Denmark 68,898 2024 67,967 2023 68,037 2021
  Faroe Islands 66,979 2022
  Australia 66,589 2024 64,712 2023 66,916 2021
  Channel Islands 64,501 2022
  Netherlands 63,750 2024 62,537 2023 57,871 2021
  San Marino 59,405 2024 54,982 2021 50,425 2021
  Austria 59,225 2024 56,506 2023 53,840 2021
  Sweden 58,529 2024 56,305 2023 60,730 2021
  Greenland 57,116 2021 58,185 2021
  Belgium 55,536 2024 53,475 2023 51,166 2021
  Finland 55,127 2024 53,756 2023 53,703 2021
  Canada 54,866 2024 53,372 2023 52,112 2021
  Germany 54,291 2024 52,746 2023 51,073 2021
  United Arab Emirates 53,916 2024 52,977 2023 43,295 2021
  Hong Kong 53,606 2024 50,697 2023 49,259 2021
  Israel 53,372 2024 52,262 2023 54,111 2021
  United Kingdom 51,075 2024 48,867 2023 46,542 2021
  British Virgin Islands 49,444 2021
  New Zealand 48,531 2024 48,528 2023 48,824 2021
  France 47,359 2024 44,461 2023 44,229 2021
  Andorra 44,900 2024 46,545 2023 42,066 2021
  European Union[n 1] 42,440 2024 40,824 2023 31,875 [8]2021
  U.S. Virgin Islands 41,976 2021
  Malta 41,738 2024 37,882 2023 33,642 2021
  Guam 40,227 2022
  Italy 39,580 2024 38,373 2023 37,150 2021
  Sint Maarten (Dutch part) 39,433 2023 26,199 2021
  Aruba 38,018 2024 33,301 2022 29,342 2021
  Puerto Rico 37,172 2024 36,779 2023 32,716 2021
  Cyprus 37,149 [n 2]2024 34,701 [n 2]2023 32,281 [n 2]2021
  New Caledonia 35,746 2022 34,994 2021
  Bahamas 35,257 2024 34,750 2023 27,478 2021
  Brunei 35,111 2024 33,431 2023 31,449 2021
  Taiwan 34,432 [n 3]2024
  South Korea 34,165 2024 33,121 2023 34,940 2021
  Spain 34,045 2024 32,677 2023 30,058 2021
  Slovenia 34,026 2024 32,163 2023 29,135 2021
  Japan 33,138 2024 33,834 2023 39,650 2021
  Saudi Arabia 33,040 2024 28,895 2023 23,186 2021
  Estonia 31,855 2024 29,824 2023 27,991 2021
  Kuwait 31,724 2024 37,533 2023 32,150 2021
  Turks and Caicos Islands 30,438 2023 20,909 2021
  Czech Republic 29,801 2024 30,427 2023 26,809 2021
  Portugal 28,969 2024 27,275 2023 24,651 2021
  Bahrain 28,876 2024 29,084 2023 26,563 2021
  Lithuania 28,407 2024 27,103 2023 23,844 2021
  Guyana 26,592 2024 20,626 2023 9,999 2021
  Slovakia 25,935 2024 24,470 2023 21,390 2021
  Latvia 24,194 2024 23,184 2023 21,267 2021
  Greece 23,966 2024 22,990 2023 20,571 2021
  Saint Kitts and Nevis 23,705 2024 22,553 2023 18,083 2021
  Barbados 23,596 2024 22,673 2023 17,225 2021
  Hungary 23,319 2024 22,147 2023 18,728 2021
  Uruguay 23,088 2024 22,564 2023 17,313 2021
  Poland 23,014 2024 22,113 2023 17,736 2021
  Croatia 22,966 2024 21,460 2023 16,983 2021
  Seychelles 21,875 2024 17,879 2023 12,085 2021
  Oman 20,913 2024 23,295 2023 19,509 2021
  Antigua and Barbuda 20,533 2024 21,560 2023 15,246 2021
  Curaçao 20,493 2022 20,492 2022
  Saint Martin (French part) 20,321 2021
  Trinidad and Tobago 19,861 2024 18,333 2023 16,033 2021
  American Samoa 19,673 2022
  Romania 19,530 2024 18,419 2023 14,698 2021
  Panama 19,369 2024 18,662 2023 14,618 2021
  Cook Islands 19,264 2021
  Anguilla 19,216 2021
  French Polynesia 18,985 2022 19,915 2021
  Costa Rica 18,031 2024 16,595 2023 12,472 2021
  Maldives 17,818 2024 12,667 2023 10,366 2021
  Palau 17,441 2024 14,565 2023 12,084 2021
  Northern Mariana Islands 17,303 2020
  Bulgaria 16,943 2024 15,798 2023 12,207 2021
  Chile 16,616 2024 17,093 2023 16,265 2021
  Montserrat 16,199 2021
  Mexico 15,249 2024 13,926 2023 10,046 2021
  Kazakhstan 14,778 2024 13,137 2023 10,055 2021
  Russia 14,391 2024 13,817 2023 12,259 2021
  Saint Lucia 14,101 2024 13,980 2023 9,824 2021
 World 13,840 2024 13,138 2023 12,230 2021
  Malaysia 13,315 2024 11,649 2023 11,101 2021
  China 13,136 [n 4]2024 12,614 [n 5]2023 12,437 [n 4]2021
  Mauritius 12,973 2024 11,417 2023 8,873 2021
  Argentina 12,812 2024 13,730 2023 10,761 2021
  Turkey 12,765 2024 12,986 2023 9,661 2021
  Montenegro 12,646 2024 12,017 2023 9,252 2021
  Turkmenistan 12,412 2024 9,191 2023 8,508 2021
  Serbia 12,384 2024 11,361 2023 8,643 2021
  Nauru 12,362 2024 12,060 2023 12,390 2021
  Grenada 12,255 2024 10,464 2023 8,950 2021
  Dominican Republic 11,774 2024 10,716 2023 8,477 2021
  Brazil 11,352 2024 10,044 2023 8,170 2021
  Cuba 9,500 2020 11,255 2021
  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 10,150 2024 10,279 2023 8,440 2021
  Dominica 9,455 2024 8,954 2023 7,571 2021
  Gabon 9,308 2024 8,420 2023 7,911 2021
  Albania 8,924 2024 8,368 2023 6,396 2021
  North Macedonia 8,847 2024 8,146 2023 6,600 2021
  Georgia 8,825 [n 6]2024 8,120 [n 6]2023 4,975 [n 6]2021
  Armenia 8,575 2024 8,716 2023 4,967 2021
  Bosnia and Herzegovina 8,416 2024 8,426 2023 7,143 2021
  Peru 8,291 2024 7,790 2023 6,622 2021
  Botswana 7,875 2024 7,250 2023 6,805 2021
  Thailand 7,812 2024 7,172 2023 7,067 2021
  Azerbaijan 7,641 2024 7,155 2023 5,296 2021
  Belarus 7,558 2024 7,829 2023 7,121 2021
  Moldova 7,488 [n 7]2024 6,651 [n 7]2023 4,468 [n 7]2021
  Colombia 7,327 2024 6,980 2023 6,104 2021
  Jamaica 7,309 2024 6,874 2023 5,184 2021
  Belize 7,170 2024 7,988 2023 6,229 2021
  Libya 6,975 2024 7,330 2023 5,791 2021
  Equatorial Guinea 6,733 2024 7,067 2023 7,605 2021
  Marshall Islands 6,711 2024 6,762 2023 6,111 2021
  Suriname 6,702 2024 6,069 2023 5,259 2021
  Ecuador 6,567 2024 6,533 2023 5,965 2021
  Kosovo 6,389 2024 5,943 2023 5,663 2021
  Fiji 6,287 2024 5,868 2023 4,647 2021
  Mongolia 6,182 2024 5,765 2023 4,510 2021
  Tuvalu 6,001 2024 5,465 2023 5,370 2021
  Paraguay 5,984 2024 6,260 2023 6,035 2021
  Iraq 5,979 2024 5,512 2023 4,686 2021
  South Africa 5,975 2024 6,253 2023 7,055 2021
  Tonga 5,840 2024 4,682 2022 4,451 2021
  Algeria 5,722 2024 5,260 2023 3,700 2021
  Guatemala 5,678 2024 5,797 2023 4,883 2021
  Ukraine 5,663 [n 8]2024 5,181 [n 8]2023 4,596 [n 8]2021
  El Salvador 5,537 2024 5,344 2023 4,551 2021
  Iran 5,310 2024 4,502 2023 6,766 2021
  Indonesia 5,271 2024 4,940 2023 4,333 2021
  Micronesia 5,120 2024 3,992 2023 3,573 2021
  Samoa 4,840 2024 4,139 2023 3,919 2021
  Namibia 4,745 2024 4,743 2023 4,836 2021
  Jordan 4,705 2024 4,482 2023 4,058 2021
  Cape Verde 4,656 2024 4,322 2023 3,293 2021
  Vietnam 4,623 2024 4,347 2023 3,756 2021
  Tunisia 4,435 2024 3,895 2023 3,807 2021
  Eswatini 4,324 2024 3,797 2023 3,969 2021
  Djibouti 4,184 2024 3,606 2023 3,348 2021
  Philippines 4,130 2024 3,726 2023 3,461 2021
  Morocco 4,078 2024 3,672 2023 3,853 2021
  Bolivia 4,014 2024 3,701 2023 3,345 2021
  Bhutan 4,014 2024 3,704 2022 3,063 2021
  Venezuela 3,867 2024 15,976 2014 3,965 2021
  Sri Lanka 3,342 2022 3,828 2023 3,918 2021
  Vanuatu 3,734 2024 3,367 2023 3,073 2021
  Honduras 3,505 2024 3,247 2023 2,772 2021
  Palestine 3,396 [n 9]2023 3,368 [n 9]2023 3,514 [n 10]2021
  Lebanon 3,283 2022 3,350 2023 6,785 2021
  Egypt 3,225 2024 3,513 2023 3,898 2021
  São Tomé and Príncipe 3,167 2024 2,602 2023 2,486 2021
  Nicaragua 2,791 2024 2,530 2023 2,046 2021
  India 2,731 2024 2,485 2023 2,274 2021
  Ivory Coast 2,717 2024 2,729 2023 2,539 2021
  Uzbekistan 2,666 2024 2,496 2023 2,032 2021
  Bangladesh 2,646 2024 2,529 2023 2,450 2021
  Cambodia 2,628 2024 1,875 2023 1,608 2021
  Papua New Guinea 2,530 2024 2,994 2023 2,673 2021
  Congo 2,457 2024 2,509 2023 2,200 2021
  Kiribati 2,446 2024 2,090 2023 1,765 2021
  Angola 2,432 2024 2,309 2023 2,258 2021
  Mauritania 2,347 2024 2,149 2023 2,166 2021
  Solomon Islands 2,253 2024 2,203 2023 2,306 2021
  Ghana 2,230 2024 2,238 2023 2,409 2021
  Zimbabwe 2,088 2024 1,592 2023 1,508 2021
  Kenya 1,983 2024 1,950 2023 2,082 2021
  Laos 1,976 2024 2,075 2023 2,569 2021
  Haiti 1,941 2024 1,693 2023 1,664 2021
  Kyrgyzstan 1,922 2024 1,970 2023 1,339 2021
  Ethiopia 1,910 2024 1,294 2023 825 2021
  Senegal 1,900 2024 1,746 2023 1,637 2021
  Cameroon 1,815 2024 1,674 2023 1,668 2021
  Guinea 1,651 2024 1,664 2023 1,185 2021
  Benin 1,512 2024 1,435 2023 1,361 2021
  Pakistan 1,461 2023 1,407 2023 1,480 2021
  East Timor 1,454 2024 1,648 2023 1,517 2021
  Zambia 1,413 2024 1,369 2023 1,095 2021
  Nepal 1,397 2024 1,324 2023 1,159 2021
  Comoros 1,384 2024 1,587 2023 1,631 2021
  Tajikistan 1,271 2024 1,189 2023 897 2021
  Myanmar 1,248 2024 1,188 2023 1,089 2021
  Tanzania 1,220 2024 1,211 2023 1,136 [n 11]2021
  Uganda 1,202 2024 1,014 2023 930 2021
  Zanzibar 1,192 2022 1,211 2021
  Nigeria 1,110 2024 1,621 2023 2,019 2021
  Lesotho 1,107 2024 878 2023 1,040 2021
  Guinea-Bissau 1,087 2024 914 2023 759 2021
  Togo 1,058 2024 1,013 2023 944 2021
  Chad 1,014 2024 719 2023 955 2021
  Rwanda 989 2024 1,000 2023 822 2021
  Gambia 989 2024 844 2023 772 2021
  Burkina Faso 910 2024 874 2023 893 2021
  Mali 899 2024 897 2023 875 2021
  Liberia 855 2024 799 2023 471 2021
  Somalia 776 2024 644 2023 447 2021
  DR Congo 715 2024 649 2023 551 2021
  Niger 670 2024 618 2023 591 2021
  Mozambique 659 2024 608 2023 492 2021
  North Korea 654 2021
  Eritrea 644 2011 623 2021
  Sudan 547 2024 2,272 2023 786 2021
  Madagascar 538 2024 529 2023 500 2021
  Central African Republic 538 2024 445 2023 461 2021
  Sierra Leone 527 2024 433 2023 505 2021
  Yemen 486 2024 533 2023 302 2021
  Malawi 481 2024 673 2023 613 2021
  South Sudan 422 2024 1,072 2015 400 2021
  Afghanistan 422 2022 353 2022 373 2021
  Syria 421 2021 925 2021
  Burundi 230 2024 200 2023 311 2021

Notes:

Distorted GDP-per-capita for tax havens

Many of the leading GDP-per-capita (nominal) jurisdictions are tax havens whose economic data is artificially inflated by tax-driven corporate accounting entries.

For instance, the Irish GDP data above is subject to material distortion by the tax planning activities of foreign multinationals in Ireland. To address this, in 2017 the Central Bank of Ireland created "modified GNI" (or GNI*) as a more appropriate statistic, and the OECD and IMF have adopted it for Ireland. 2015 Irish GDP is 143% of 2015 Irish GNI*.

A stunning $12 trillion—almost 40 percent of all foreign direct investment positions globally—is completely artificial: it consists of financial investment passing through empty corporate shells with no real activity. These investments in empty corporate shells almost always pass through well-known tax havens. The eight major pass-through economies—the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Hong Kong SAR, the British Virgin Islands, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Ireland, and Singapore—host more than 85 percent of the world’s investment in special purpose entities, which are often set up for tax reasons.

— "Piercing the Veil", International Monetary Fund, June 2018[9]

Further discussion on this topic can be found in the List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita article.

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The European Union is included because it is far more than a free trade association such as ASEAN, NAFTA, or Mercosur. It has certain attributes associated with independent countries: its own flag, anthem, currency (for some members), parliament and other law-making abilities, as well as diplomatic representation and a common foreign and security policy when dealing with external partners. However, because the EU is an organization and not a sovereign state, it does not receive a ranking in this list.
  2. ^ a b c Data are for the area controlled by the Government of the Republic of Cyprus.
  3. ^ The name used by the IMF is the "Taiwan Province of China".
  4. ^ a b Figures for China exclude Taiwan, and the special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
  5. ^ Figures exclude special administrative regions of Hong Kong and Macau.
  6. ^ a b c Excludes Abkhazia and South Ossetia.
  7. ^ a b c Excludes data for Transnistria.
  8. ^ a b c Figures exclude the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol.
  9. ^ a b The name used by the IMF and World Bank is the "West Bank and Gaza"
  10. ^ The name used by the UN is the "State of Palestine".
  11. ^ The UN figure excludes autonomous region of Zanzibar.

References

  1. ^ O'Sullivan, Arthur
  2. ^ French President seeks alternatives to GDP, The Guardian 14-09-2009.
    "European Parliament, Policy Department Economic and Scientific Policy: Beyond GDP Study" (PDF). (1.47 MB)
  3. ^ Richard Phillips; Matt Gardner; Alexandria Robins; Michelle Surka (2017). "Offshore Shell Games 2017" (PDF). Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy.
  4. ^ "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2024". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  5. ^ "IMF DataMapper / Datasets / World Economic Outlook (April 2024) / GDP per capita, current prices / List (2024)–Analytical group: European Union, World". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 16 April 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2024.
  6. ^ "GDP per capita (current US$)". World Development Indicators. The World Bank. Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  7. ^ [1], (Select all countries, "GDP, Per Capita GDP–US Dollars", and "2021" to generate the table), United Nations Statistics Division. Access date: 12 February 2023.
  8. ^ United Nations Statistics Division–National Accounts–Basic Data Selection, unstats.un.org. Manually select the 27 member states, the latest available year (2020) and the parameter "GDP, Per Capita GDP–US Dollars", then press "Send request" to generate the table. Export the table as an Excel file ("Export to .xlsx" button), where you can use the Average formula to determine the GDP per capita at EU level. United Nations. Retrieved 17 November 2022.
  9. ^ "Piercing the Veil, FINANCE & DEVELOPMENT, JUNE 2018, VOL. 55, NO. 2". IMF Finance & Development. June 2018.