Wikipedia

List of birds

See also: List of birds by common name, Lists of birds by region, and List of bird genera

This article lists living orders and families of birds. The links below should then lead to family accounts and hence to individual species.

Penguins
Ostriches

The passerines (perching birds) alone account for well over 5,000 species. In total there are about 10,000 species of birds described worldwide, though one estimate of the real number places it at almost twice that.[1]

Taxonomy is very fluid in the age of DNA analysis, so comments are made where appropriate, and all numbers are approximate. In particular see Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy for a very different classification.

Phylogeny edit

Cladogram of modern bird relationships based on Jarvis, E.D. et al. (2014)[2] with some clade names after Yuri, T. et al. (2013).[3]

Aves
Palaeognathae
Neognathae
Galloanserae
Neoaves
Columbea
Passerea
Otidae
Gruae

Opisthocomiformes (hoatzin)

Cursorimorphae

Gruiformes (rails and cranes)

Charadriiformes (shorebirds)

Phaethoquornithes
Telluraves
Afroaves
Accipitrimorphae

Cathartiformes (condors and New World vultures)

Accipitriformes (hawks, eagles, vultures, etc.)

Strigiformes (owls)

Coraciimorphae

Coliiformes (mousebirds)

Leptosomiformes (cuckoo roller)

Trogoniformes (trogons)

Bucerotiformes (hornbills, hoopoe and wood hoopoes)

Coraciiformes (kingfishers etc.)

Piciformes (woodpeckers etc.)

Australaves

Cariamiformes (seriemas)

Eufalconimorphae

Falconiformes (falcons)

Psittacopasserae

Psittaciformes (parrots)

Passeriformes (songbirds and kin)

Subclass Palaeognathae edit

The Palaeognathae or "old jaws" is one of the two superorders recognized within the taxonomic class Aves and consist of the ratites and tinamous. The ratites are mostly large and long-legged, flightless birds, lacking a keeled sternum. Traditionally, all the ratites were place in the order Struthioniformes. However, recent genetic analysis has found that the group is not monophyletic, as it is paraphyletic with respect to the tinamous, so the ostriches are classified as the only members of the order Struthioniformes and other ratites placed in other orders.[6][7]

Order Struthioniformes edit

 
Greater rhea pair
 
Eudromia elegans
 
Casuarius casuarius

Africa; 2 species

Infraclass Notopalaeognathae edit

Order Rheiformes edit

South America; 2 species

  • Family †Opisthodactylidae
  • Family Rheidae: rheas

Order Casuariiformes edit

Australasia; 4 species

Order Apterygiformes edit

Australasia; 5 species

Order †Aepyornithiformes edit

Madagascar

Order †Dinornithiformes edit

New Zealand

Order Tinamiformes edit

South America; 45 species

Subclass Neognathae edit

Nearly all living birds belong to the subclass Neognathae or "new jaws". With their keeled sternum (breastbone), unlike the ratites, they are known as carinatae.

Infraclass Galloanserae edit

Order Galliformes edit

 
Australian brush turkey

Worldwide; 250 species

Order †Gastornithiformes edit

Order Anseriformes edit

Worldwide; 150 species

Superorder Mirandornithes edit

Order Podicipediformes edit

Worldwide; 19 species

Order Phoenicopteriformes edit

Worldwide; 6 species

Superorder Columbimorphae edit

Order Columbiformes edit

Worldwide; 300 species

Order Pterocliformes edit

Africa, Europe, Asia; 16 species

Order Mesitornithiformes edit

Madagascar; 3 species

Grandorder Cypselomorphae edit

Order Caprimulgiformes edit

Worldwide; 97 species

Order Steatornithiformes edit

South America; 1 species

Order Nyctibiiformes edit

Americas; 7 species

Order Podargiformes edit

 
Tawny frogmouth

Asia and Australasia; 14 species

Order Aegotheliformes edit

Australasia; 10 species

Order Apodiformes edit

Worldwide; 478 species

Grandorder Otidimorphae edit

Order Cuculiformes edit

Worldwide; 150 species

Order Musophagiformes edit

Africa; 23 species

Order Otidiformes edit

Africa and Eurasia; 27 species

Superorder Gruae edit

Order Opisthocomiformes edit

South America; 1 species

Order Gruiformes edit

Worldwide; 164 species

Order Charadriiformes edit

Worldwide; 350 species

Grandorder Phaethontimorphae edit

Order Eurypygiformes edit

Neotropics and New Caledonia; 2 species

Order Phaethontiformes edit

Oceanic; 3 species

Grandorder Aequornithes edit

Order Gaviiformes edit

North America, Eurasia; 5 species

Order Sphenisciformes edit

Antarctic and southern waters; 17 species

Order Procellariiformes edit

Pan-oceanic; 120 species

Order Ciconiiformes edit

Worldwide; 19 species

 
White stork

Order Suliformes edit

Worldwide; 59 species

Order Pelecaniformes edit

 
Hamerkop

Worldwide; 108 species

Grandorder Afroaves edit

Order Accipitriformes edit

 
Osprey

Worldwide; 260 species

Order Strigiformes edit

Worldwide; 250 species

Order Coliiformes edit

 
Blue-naped mousebird

Sub-Saharan Africa; 6 species

Order Leptosomiformes edit

Madagascar; 1 species

Order Trogoniformes edit

Sub-Saharan Africa, Americas, Asia; 35 species

Order Bucerotiformes edit

Old World, New Guinea; 64 species

Order Coraciiformes edit

Worldwide; 144 species

 
Kingfisher

Order Piciformes edit

Worldwide except Australasia; 400 species

Grandorder Australaves edit

Order Cariamiformes edit

South America; 2 species

Order Falconiformes edit

Worldwide; 60 species

Order Psittaciformes edit

Pan-tropical, southern temperate zones; 330 species

Order Passeriformes edit

 
Rock wren
 
Eurylaimus javanicus
 
Pitta cyanea
 
Pachyramphus castaneus
 
Lyrebird

Worldwide; 6,500 species

See also edit

References edit

  1. ^ Barrowclough, GF; Cracraft, J; Klicka, J; Zink, RM (2016). "How Many Kinds of Birds Are There and Why Does It Matter?". PLOS ONE. 11 (11): e0166307. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1166307B. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0166307. PMC 5120813. PMID 27880775.
  2. ^ Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMC 4405904. PMID 25504713.
  3. ^ Yuri, T.; et al. (2013). "Parsimony and Model-Based Analyses of Indels in Avian Nuclear Genes Reveal Congruent and Incongruent Phylogenetic Signals". Biology. 2 (1): 419–444. doi:10.3390/biology2010419. PMC 4009869. PMID 24832669.
  4. ^ Boyd, John (2007). "NEORNITHES: 46 Orders" (PDF). John Boyd's website. Retrieved 30 December 2017.[unreliable source?]
  5. ^ Worthy, T.H.; Degrange, F.J.; Handley, W.D.; Lee, M.S.Y. (2017). "The evolution of giant flightless birds and novel phylogenetic relationships for extinct fowl (Aves, Galloanseres)". Royal Society Open Science. 11 (10): 170975. Bibcode:2017RSOS....470975W. doi:10.1098/rsos.170975. PMC 5666277. PMID 29134094.
  6. ^ Hackett, S.J.; et al. (2008). "A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History". Science. 320 (5884): 1763–1768. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1763H. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. PMID 18583609. S2CID 6472805.
  7. ^ Yuri, T (2013). "Parsimony and model-based analyses of indels in avian nuclear genes reveal congruent and incongruent phylogenetic signals". Biology. 2 (1): 419–44. doi:10.3390/biology2010419. PMC 4009869. PMID 24832669.
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