Lao romanization systems are transcriptions of the Lao script into the Latin alphabet.
Tables
editConsonants
editThe table below shows the Lao consonant letters and their transcriptions according to IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet), BGN/PCGN romanization (1966 system), LC (US ALA-LC romanization), and Royal Thai General System of Transcription (1999 version) used in Thailand, as well as the transcriptions used in the Unicode names of the letters, and in official Lao government usage.
| Character | Initial position | Final position | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IPA | BGN | LC | RTGS | IPA | BGN | LC | RTGS | |
| ກ | /k/ | k | /k/ | k | ||||
| ຂ | /kʰ/ | kh | — | — | ||||
| ຄ | /kʰ/ | kh | — | — | ||||
| ງ | /ŋ/ | ng | /ŋ/ | ng | ||||
| ຈ | /tɕ/ | ch | — | — | ||||
| ສ | /s/ | s | — | — | ||||
| ຊ | /s/ | x | s | — | — | |||
| ຍ | /ɲ/ | gn | ny | y | /j/ | y | i | |
| ດ | /d/ | d | /t/ | t | ||||
| ຕ | /t/ | t | — | — | ||||
| ຖ | /tʰ/ | th | — | — | ||||
| ທ | /tʰ/ | th | — | — | ||||
| ນ | /n/ | n | /n/ | ne | n | |||
| ບ | /b/ | b | /p/ | p | ||||
| ປ | /p/ | p | — | — | ||||
| ຜ | /pʰ/ | ph | — | — | ||||
| ຝ | /f/ | f | — | — | ||||
| ພ | /pʰ/ | ph | — | — | ||||
| ຟ | /f/ | f | — | — | ||||
| ມ | /m/ | m | /m/ | m | ||||
| ຢ | /j/ | y | — | — | ||||
| ຣ | /r/, /l/ | r | — | — | ||||
| ລ | /l/ | l | — | — | ||||
| ວ | /w/ | v | v, w | w | /w/ | w | o | |
| ຫ | /h/ | h | — | — | ||||
| ອ | /ʔ/ | — | — | — | ||||
| ຮ | /h/ | h | — | — | ||||
Vowel nuclei
editThe table below shows the Lao vowel nuclei, combined with the consonant ກ.
| IPA | BGN | LC | RTGS | Unicode | IPA | BGN | LC | RTGS | Unicode | IPA | BGN | LC | RTGS | Unicode | IPA | BGN | LC | RTGS | Unicode | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ກະ/ກັກ | /a/ | a | a | a | a | ກາ | /aː/ | a | ā | a | aa | |||||||||||||
| ກິ | /i/ | i | i | i | i | ກີ | /iː/ | i | ī | i | ii | ເກັຽະ/ເກັຍ | /iaʔ/ | ia | ia | ia | ເກັຽ/ເກຍ/ກຽກ | /ia/ | ia | īa | ia | |||
| ກຶ | /ɯ/ | u | ư | ue | y | ກື | /ɯː/ | u | ư̄ | ue | yy | ເກຶອ | /ɯaʔ/ | ua | ưa | uea | ເກືອ | /ɯa/ | ua | ư̄a | uea | |||
| ກຸ | /u/ | ou | u | u | u | ກູ | /uː/ | ou | ū | u | uu | ກົວະ | /uaʔ/ | oua | ua | ua | ກົວ/ ກວກ | /ua/ | oua | ūa | ua | |||
| ເກະ/ເກັກ | /e/ | é | e | e | ເກ | /eː/ | é | ē | e | e | ||||||||||||||
| ແກະ/ແກັກ | /ɛ/ | è | æ | ae | ແກ | /ɛː/ | è | ǣ | ae | ei | ||||||||||||||
| ໂກະ/ກົກ | /o/ | ô | o | o | ໂກ | /oː/ | ô | ō | o | o | ||||||||||||||
| ເກາະ/ກັອກ | /ɔ/ | o | o̜ | o | ກໍ/ກອກ | /ɔː/ | o | ō̜ | o | |||||||||||||||
| ເກິ/ເກິະ | /ɤ/ | eu | œ | oe | ເກີ | /ɤː/ | eu | œ̄ | oe | |||||||||||||||
| ໄກ/ໃກ/ກັຍ | /aj/ | ai | ai | ai | ai/ay | ກາຍ/ກາຽ | /aːj/ | ai | āi | ai | ai | |||||||||||||
| ເກົາ | /aw/ | ao | ao | ao | ao | |||||||||||||||||||
| ກໍາ | /am/ | am | am | am | am |
See also
editExternal links
edit- Report on the current status of United Nations romanization systems for geographical names - Lao (PDF; this document refers to the Lao Commission Nationale de Toponymie. There is no Lao romanization system officially adopted by the UN.)
- Library of Congress romanization table for Lao (PDF)
- Unicode code chart for Lao
- ANSI Z39.35-1979, System for the Romanization of Lao, Khmer, and Pali; ISBN 0-88738-968-6.