Gkuthaarn, also rendered Kuthant, Kutanda and other variant spellings, is an extinct Paman language of the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, Australia. It also known as Karundi/Garandi (and variant spellings), but the Garandi language may be a separate dialect.
| Gkuthaarn | |
|---|---|
| Kuthant | |
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Cape York Peninsula, Queensland |
| Ethnicity | Gkuthaarn |
| Extinct | (date missing) |
| Dialects | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | xut |
| Glottolog | kuth1240 |
| AIATSIS[1] | G31 |
| ELP | Kuthant |
Norman Tindale also assigned the name Kareldi, but this is not confirmed by others.[2] Current sources refer to the Gkuthaarn people.[3][4]
Alternative names edit
- Tindale
- Kotanda, also spelt Kutanda, Goothanto[2]
- Karundi, also spelt Karunti, Kurandi, Ka-rantee, Karrandi, Karrandee, Gar-und-yih, thought to be derived from Karun-/Gooran, meaning scrublands people.[2]
However, according to Lauriston Sharp, Kotanda was also used for the now extinct Kalibamu, and Karandi/Garandi (AUSTLANG G32) was a different local group,[2] and AIATSIS agrees.[5]
- Other variants
Other variant spellings included in AUSTLANG are:[2]
- Karaldi
- Gudanda
- Gudhanda
- Gudhand
- Guandhar
Phonology edit
Consonants edit
| Bilabial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop | p | t̪ | t | (ʈ) | c | k |
| Nasal | m | n̪ | n | ɳ | ɲ | ŋ |
| Fricative | ɣ | |||||
| Trill | r | |||||
| Flap | ɾ | ɻ~ɽ | ||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||
| Lateral | l | ɭ |
[ʈ] is attested only in the sequence [ɳʈ] and in Kukatj loans.
Vowels edit
| Front | Front rounded | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-low | i iː | ø øː | ɨ ɨː | u uː |
| Low | a aː |
Kuthant has two diphthongs: /ia/ and /ua/.
Some words edit
According to W.E. Armit, inspector of Native Police, these were some words of the "Karrandee tribe":[6]
- irruag (tame dog)
- nyet (father)
- mooruk (mother)
- morbuy (whiteman)
References edit
- ^ G31 Gkuthaarn at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ a b c d e G31 Ghutkaarn at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ "Gkuthaarn Kukatj Indigenous Land & Sea Ranger". Carpentaria Land Council Aboriginal Corporation. September 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ Barry, Derek (30 September 2020). "Native title win for Gkuthaarn and Kukatj people". The North West Star. Retrieved 13 October 2020.
- ^ G32 Garandi at the Australian Indigenous Languages Database, Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies
- ^ Armit, W. E. (1886). "Mouth of the Norman" (PDF). In Curr, Edward Micklethwaite (ed.). The Australian race: its origin, languages, customs, place of landing in Australia and the routes by which it spread itself over the continent. Vol. 2. Melbourne: J. Ferres. pp. 306–309.
Further reading edit
- Marcussen, Lisa (March 2015). "Selected Bibliography of the Kuthant / Gkuthaarnlanguage and people held in the AIATSIS Library" (PDF). Australian Institute of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Studies. Archived from the original (PDF) on 29 May 2015. (Also here.)