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Kuranda, Queensland

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Kuranda is a rural town and locality on the Atherton Tableland in the Shire of Mareeba, Queensland, Australia.[2][3] It is 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Cairns, via the Kuranda Range road. It is surrounded by tropical rainforest and adjacent to the Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage listed Barron Gorge National Park. In the 2021 census, the locality of Kuranda had a population of 3,273 people.[1]

Kuranda
Queensland
Kuranda railway station
Kuranda is located in Queensland
Kuranda
Kuranda
Coordinates16°49′11″S 145°38′13″E / 16.8197°S 145.6369°E / -16.8197; 145.6369 (Kuranda (town centre))
Population3,273 (2021 census)[1]
 • Density29.513/km2 (76.44/sq mi)
Established1888
Postcode(s)4881
Elevation330 m (1,083 ft)
Area110.9 km2 (42.8 sq mi)
Time zoneAEST (UTC+10:00)
Location
LGA(s)Shire of Mareeba
State electorate(s)Barron River
Federal division(s)Leichhardt
Localities around Kuranda:
Mona Mona Mona Mona Macalister Range
Koah Kuranda Macalister Range
Koah Speewah Barron Gorge

The town of Myola is also located within the locality of Kuranda (16°48′19″S 145°36′34″E / 16.8052°S 145.6094°E / -16.8052; 145.6094 (Myola, Queensland)).[4]

Geography

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Kuranda is positioned on the eastern edge of the Atherton Tableland where the Barron River begins a steep descent to its coastal floodplain. The area is an important wildlife corridor between the Daintree/Carbine Tableland area in the north and Lamb Range/Atherton Tableland in the south, two centres of biodiversity.[5]

Parts of Kuranda, particularly along its eastern edge, are protected within the Kuranda National Park and Barron Gorge National Park. Both national parks belong to the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. Barron Gorge Forest Reserve and Formatine Forest Reserve have been established in the south of Kuranda. Closer to the centre of the town is Jumrum Creek Conservation Park where a near threatened, endemic frog species Ranoidea myola is protected.[6] An elongated dam created by a weir built for a power station was constructed in 1935 and is used to today for recreation.

Myola is in the north of the locality beside the Barron River, upstream from the town of Kuranda.[7]

History

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Kuranda Hotel, circa 1928

The rainforest around Kuranda has been home to the Djabugay people for over 10,000 years. Europeans began to explore and develop the area from the nineteenth century. The Speewah massacre occurred in the mid-1890s,[when?] when settler John Atherton sent native troopers as revenge for the death of a bullock.[8]

The name Kuranda is derived from Yindinji word, kuran referring to the acorn leafed plant (Helmholtzia acorifolia).[9]

Djabugay (also known as Djabuganjdji, Tjupakai) is a language of Far North Queensland, particularly the area around the Kuranda Range and Barron River Catchment. The Djabugay language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of Cairns Regional Council.[10]

The name Myola comes from its railway station, which was named on 15 December 1891 by the Queensland Railways Department using an Aboriginal word indicating main camp or elders' camp.[4]

Kuranda was first settled in 1885 and surveyed by Thomas Behan in 1888.[11] Construction of the railway from Cairns to Myola (later Cairns to Herberton) began in 1887 and the line reached Kuranda in 1891.[12] The current railway station was completed in 1915.[13][14][15]

Kuranda Post Office opened on 25 June 1891 (a Middle Crossing receiving office had been open from 1888).[16]

Kuranda State School opened on 24 October 1892. It was renamed Kuranda District State School on 8 July 2002.[17] It was at 14-22 Arara Street (16°49′18″S 145°38′23″E / 16.8218°S 145.6396°E / -16.8218; 145.6396 (Kuranda District State School (former))).[18] In 2007, it was amalgamated with Kuranda District State High School to create Kuranda District State College at the Myola site. Kuranda District State School's website was archived.[19] The Arara Street site was purchased by the Mareeba Shire Council (now the Tablelands Regional Council) to redevelop as community facilities.[20]

Between 1912 and 1913 Eric Mjöberg lead an expedition to Queensland in which the Kuranda Aboriginal people were observed.[21]

Although coffee was grown around Kuranda in the early twentieth century, timber was the town's primary industry for a number of years. Kuranda has been known as a tourist destination since the early 1900s.[21] It was both the rainforest and local Aboriginal culture which attracted people to the area.

St Saviour's Anglican Church was built in 1915.[22] Its colourful glass windows were added in 2002.

 
Fairyland Tea Gardens, circa 1935

In the 1930s, the Fairyland Tea Gardens were developed as a tourist attraction to experience the local rainforest.[23][24]

Clohesy River Provisional School opened on 21 August 1933 and closed in 1939.[17]

The Barron Gorge Hydroelectric Power Station was built nearby in the 1960s.

From the 1970s onwards, Kuranda promoted itself as the 'village in the rainforest'. The concept served two purposes. It attracted those seeking a bohemian enclave in which to reside as well as a being a tourist promotional strategy.[21] Throughout the 1970s and 1980s Kuranda was popular with alternative lifestylers,[21] a theme that still runs through the local community today.[11] Tourism became the backbone of the local economy.

Kuranda Library opened in 1996 and underwent a major refurbishment in 2015.[25]

Kuranda State High School opened on 22 January 1998 at 260 Myola Road in Myola.[17] In 2007, Kuranda District State School and Kuranda State High School amalgamated to form Kuranda District State College, by expanding the Kuranda State High School site at Myola.[17][26][27][28] Kuranda State High School's website was archived.[29]

Cairns Rudolf Steiner School opened on 29 January 2002 in Stratford in Cairns.[30] It subsequently[when?] relocated to Kuranda and was renamed Cairns Hinterland Steiner School.[31]

Although historically and currently Kuranda is in the Shire of Mareeba, following a rationalisation of local government areas, between 2008 and 2013 all of the Shire of Mareeba was within the Tablelands Region. This decision was unpopular with the residents of the shire and was reversed following a vote by residents with the reinstatement of the Shire of Mareeba on 1 January 2014.[32][33][34]

In recent times, Kuranda remains a sleepy little tourist town, renowned for its arts and souvenir shops.

Demographics

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In the 2011 census, the locality of Kuranda had a population of 2,966 people.[35]

In the 2016 census, the locality of Kuranda had a population of 3,008 people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 14.9% of the population. 67.0% of people were born in Australia. The next most common country of birth was England at 5.7%. 80.4% of people spoke only English at home. The most common response for religion was No Religion at 39.2%.[36]

In the 2021 census, the locality of Kuranda had a population of 3,273 people.[1]

Heritage listings

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Kuranda has a number of heritage-listed sites:

Amenities

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Mareeba Shire Council operate a public library in Kuranda at 18-22 Arara Street (16°49′19″S 145°38′24″E / 16.8219°S 145.6399°E / -16.8219; 145.6399 (Kuranda public library)).[39]

The Kuranda Historical Society was established in 2017 and seeks to collect and display items of historical interest relating to the Kuranda area.[40]

The Kuranda Media Association publish a monthly newspaper called "The Kuranda Paper".[41]

The Kuranda branch of the Queensland Country Women's Association meets at the CWA Hall on the corner of Barang Street and Thongon Street.[42]

St Christopher's Catholic Church is at 20 Barang Street. It is within the Kuranda Parish of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns and is administered from the Atherton Parish.[43]

Education

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Kuranda District State College is a government primary and secondary (Prep-12) school for boys and girls at 260 Myola Road (16°48′16″S 145°37′03″E / 16.8044°S 145.6174°E / -16.8044; 145.6174 (Kuranda District State College)).[44][45] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 366 students with 37 teachers (33 full-time equivalent) and 32 non-teaching staff (21 full-time equivalent).[46] It has a special education program.[44]

Cairns Hinterland Steiner School is a private primary and secondary (Prep-11) school for boys and girls at 46 Boyles Road (16°48′45″S 145°35′19″E / 16.8124°S 145.5885°E / -16.8124; 145.5885 (Cairns Hinterland Steiner School)).[44][47] In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 165 students with 18 teachers (17 full-time equivalent) and 17 non-teaching staff (11 full-time equivalent).[46]

Fauna

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The nocturnal frog species Litoria myola is only found in the vicinity of a few creeks near Kuranda.[48] The area boasts a rich diversity of invertebrate fauna including Australia's largest species of mantids, phasmids, spiders, moths and butterflies all found in Kuranda.

Climate

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Being situated in the tropics, Kuranda experiences only mild variations in temperature and its seasons consist of a dry season and a wet season.

Kuranda does not have an official weather station; however, rainfall data has been taken for many years at Kuranda Railway station and reported to the Bureau of Meteorology. Additionally various unofficial Personal Weather Stations exist in the area.

Generally Kuranda is 2–5 °C cooler than Cairns, it has more rainy days as a result of orographic influences, and it is more humid generally (with residential areas in Kuranda village averaging 90% relative humidity, because of the surrounding rainforest). Kuranda is often referred to the "air conditioned suburb of Cairns" and the rain-forest and elevation is responsible in part for these perceptions. It is rare for the temperature to exceed 31 °C in summer, the weather being moderated by rain and cloud cover in January to March (the wet season), and night minimums at this time of year similarly rarely drop below 20 °C. Winter maximums (June to August) are typically a consistent 25 °C; however, minimums can drop to 8 °C, owing to clear skies at this time of year and cooler air movements originating from the southern Atherton Tablelands.

Governance

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Kuranda is located in the (federal) Australian House of Representatives Division of Leichhardt, the Legislative Assembly of Queensland Electoral district of Barron River and locally, in the Shire of Mareeba.

Attractions

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The Skyrail Rainforest Cableway is a 7.5-kilometre (4.7 mi) scenic tourist cableway running above the Barron Gorge National Park in the Wet Tropics of Queensland’s World Heritage Area, one of the oldest tropical rainforests in the world. It operates from the Kuranda terminal at 4 Arara Street (16°49′08″S 145°38′20″E / 16.8190°S 145.639000°E / -16.8190; 145.639000 (Skyrail terminal)) to the Smithfield terminal in Cairns.[49]

The Kuranda Scenic Railway is a 37-kilometre (23 mi) scenic tourist railway journey through the Barron Gorge National Park from the Kuranda railway station (16°49′07″S 145°38′20″E / 16.8185°S 145.6389°E / -16.8185; 145.6389 (Kuranda railway station)) to the Cairns railway station.[50] A popular day trip from Cairns is the combined railway-and-cableway round trip to Kuranda.[51]

Coondoo Street is Kuranda's main street with shops, galleries and various old and shadowy trees. St. Saviour's Anglican Church at 7 Coondoo Street (16°49′11″S 145°38′06″E / 16.8197°S 145.6349°E / -16.8197; 145.6349 (St Saviour's Anglican Church)) is known for its colourful glass windows. The gardens surrounding St Christopher's Catholic Church in Barang Street and the Seventh Day Adventist Church in Barron Falls Road are good locations to observe tropical birds. In the northern part of Kuranda close to Therwine Street a Japanese plane wreck can be seen in the bushes.[citation needed]

The Kuranda Koala Garden is a small local wildlife park which keeprs koalas, wombats, kangaroos, wallabies, pademelons, bettongs, potoroos, bilbies, bandicoots, possums, gliders, frogmouth owls, freshwater crocodiles, lizards, pythons, turtles and frogs.[citation needed]

  •  
    Coondoo Street
  •  
    St. Saviour's Church
  •  
    St. Saviour's Church
  •  
    Therwine Street
  •  
    Japanese plane wreck
  •  
    Japanese plane wreck
  •  
    Adventist Church

References

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  1. ^ a b c Australian Bureau of Statistics (28 June 2022). "Kuranda (SAL)". 2021 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 28 February 2023.  
  2. ^ "Kuranda – town in Shire of Mareeba (entry 18634)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  3. ^ "Kuranda – locality in Shire of Mareeba (entry 48714)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 19 September 2020.
  4. ^ a b "Myola – town (entry 23727)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  5. ^ "About Kuranda and Mowbray". Department of National Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing. 7 November 2012. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  6. ^ "Jumrum Creek Conservation Park: Nature, culture, history". Department of National Parks, Recreation, Sport and Racing. 21 December 2012. Archived from the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  7. ^ "Queensland Globe". State of Queensland. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  8. ^ "Djabugay Aboriginal People of Kuranda Village in the Rainforest". Kuranda. Archived from the original on 6 August 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  9. ^ "Kuranda – town (entry 18634)". Queensland Place Names. Queensland Government. Retrieved 9 April 2016.
  10. ^   This Wikipedia article incorporates CC-BY-4.0 licensed text from: "Indigenous languages map of Queensland". State Library of Queensland. State Library of Queensland. Retrieved 5 February 2020.
  11. ^ a b Henry, Rosita (2012). PERFORMING PLACE, PRACTISING MEMORIES: Aboriginal Australians, Hippies and the State. New York: Berghahn Books. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-85745-508-6.
  12. ^ Kerr, John (1990). Triumph of narrow gauge : a history of Queensland Railways. Boolarong Publications. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-86439-102-5.
  13. ^ "Kuranda Railway Station". The Week. Vol. LXXVIII, no. 2, 015. Queensland, Australia. 7 August 1914. p. 30. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
  14. ^ "Kuranda Railway Station". The Northern Herald. Vol. VIII, no. 101. Queensland, Australia. 12 March 1915. p. 25. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
  15. ^ "Untitled". The Brisbane Courier. No. 18, 019. Queensland, Australia. 16 October 1915. p. 13. Retrieved 10 October 2020 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. ^ Premier Postal History. "Post Office List". Premier Postal Auctions. Archived from the original on 15 May 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2014.
  17. ^ a b c d Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  18. ^ "8064-31 Kuranda" (Map). Queensland Government. 1987. Archived from the original on 13 January 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  19. ^ "Kuranda State School". 18 July 2006. Archived from the original on 18 July 2006. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  20. ^ "Kuranda Community Precinct: Community Engagement Report" (PDF). Tablelands Regional Council. September 2011. pp. 5–7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 18 March 2022. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  21. ^ a b c d Henry, Rosita (2012). Performing Place, Practising Memories: Aboriginal Australians, Hippies and the State. Berghahn Books. pp. 6–9. ISBN 978-0857455093. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  22. ^ Christopher Wright: Saint Saviour's Church Kuranda - History and Guide, S. 5. Kuranda 2018
  23. ^ "History of Kuranda - Village in the Rainforest". Kuranda. Archived from the original on 6 August 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  24. ^ "History of Tourism". Kuranda Riverboat. Archived from the original on 23 March 2023. Retrieved 7 September 2023.
  25. ^ "Public Libraries Statistical Bulletin 2016-17" (PDF). Public Libraries Connect. State Library of Queensland. November 2017. p. 14. Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 January 2018. Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  26. ^ "Opening and closing dates of Queensland Schools". Queensland Government. Retrieved 18 April 2019.
  27. ^ "Queensland state school - centre closures" (PDF). Queensland Government. 20 August 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  28. ^ "Queensland state school - centre closures" (PDF). Queensland Government. 20 August 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 March 2022. Retrieved 6 April 2022.
  29. ^ "Welcome to Kuranda State High". Kuranda State High School. 18 July 2008. Archived from the original on 18 July 2008. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  30. ^ Queensland Family History Society (2010), Queensland schools past and present (Version 1.01 ed.), Queensland Family History Society, ISBN 978-1-921171-26-0
  31. ^ "Governance - Board of Directors". Cairns Hinterland Steiner School. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  32. ^ Crisafulli, David (8 February 2013). "Minister releases Mareeba referendum question". Media statements. Queensland Government. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  33. ^ "Elections - Mareeba Area De-amalgamation Poll". Electoral Commission of Queensland. 20 March 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  34. ^ "Local Government (De-amalgamation Implementation) Regulation 2013". Queensland Legislation. Queensland Government. Retrieved 1 November 2024.
  35. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (31 October 2012). "Kuranda (State Suburb)". 2011 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 24 August 2014.  
  36. ^ Australian Bureau of Statistics (27 June 2017). "Kuranda (SSC)". 2016 Census QuickStats. Retrieved 20 October 2018.  
  37. ^ "Cairns Railway, Section from Redlynch to Crooked Creek Bridge (entry 600755)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 14 July 2013.
  38. ^ "Kuranda Fig Tree Avenue (entry 650081)". Queensland Heritage Register. Queensland Heritage Council. Retrieved 23 July 2021.
  39. ^ "Kuranda Library". Public Libraries Connect. State Library of Queensland. 21 October 2015. Archived from the original on 17 March 2018. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
  40. ^ "Kuranda History Group". 23 March 2018. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 12 April 2018.
  41. ^ Kuranda Media Association. "Kuranda Paper". www.kurandapaper.com. Archived from the original on 23 March 2018. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
  42. ^ "Branch Locations". Queensland Country Women's Association. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 26 December 2018.
  43. ^ "Kuranda Parish". Roman Catholic Diocese of Cairns. Archived from the original on 18 November 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2020.
  44. ^ a b c "State and non-state school details". Queensland Government. 9 July 2018. Archived from the original on 21 November 2018. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  45. ^ "Kuranda District State College". Archived from the original on 25 January 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  46. ^ a b "ACARA School Profile 2017". Archived from the original on 22 November 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2018.
  47. ^ "Cairns Hinterland Steiner School". Archived from the original on 18 January 2019. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  48. ^ Vanderduys, Eric (2012). Field Guide to the Frogs of Queensland. Csiro Publishing. p. 55. ISBN 978-0643106307. Retrieved 24 August 2014.
  49. ^ "Home". Skyrail. Archived from the original on 28 November 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  50. ^ "Welcome aboard Kuranda Scenic Railway!". Kuranda Scenic Railway. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 9 October 2020.
  51. ^ "Skyrail + Kuranda Scenic Railway Prices". Skyrail. Archived from the original on 10 October 2020. Retrieved 10 October 2020.
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