Kraishte (Bulgarian: Краище, sometimes with a definite article Краището, Kraishteto) or Krajište (Serbian: Крајиште) is a geographical and historical region split between southwestern Bulgaria and southeastern Serbia, with a very small part in northeastern North Macedonia.

Rock formations in the Shegava River Canyon of the Kyustendil Kraishte in Bulgaria
Besna Kobila in Serbia is the highest mountain in Kraishte

Geography

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Geographically, Kraishte is a mosaic of highlands and mountains of low to medium height, interspersed with high valleys.[1] To the west, the region is delimited by the valley of the South Morava in Serbia. To the north Kraishte includes the Znepole area with the valley of the Jerma and reaches the Svetlya valley and the Radomir basin. To the east and south are the Dupnitsa and Kyustendil basins respectively, in which the Dzherman and Struma rivers separate it from the higher mountains of Rila and Osogovo. To the southwest, it extends to the Kriva River in North Macedonia.[2]

The highest summit of Kraishte is the Besna Kobila mountain in Serbia (1,922 m); the border mountain of Karvav Kamak includes the highest point of the region in Bulgaria, Bilo (1,737 m).[2] The Bulgarian part of the region includes 23 small mountain ranges in two grouping: the Ruy-Verila range encompassing Miloslavska planina (1,485 m), Ruy (1,706 m), Ezdimirska Planina (1,219 m), Strazha (1,385 m), Lyubash (1,398 m), Bohovska planina (1,318 m), Karvav Kamak (1,737 m), Leshnikovska Planina (1,086 m), Elovishka Planina (1,329 m), Penkyovska Planina (1,187 m), Lyulyak (1,324 m), Erulska Planina (1,481 m), Cherna Gora (1,129 m), Golo Bardo (1,158 m) and Verila (1,415 m) and the Milevsko-Konyavska range consisting of Milevska planina (1,733 m), Izvorska Planina (1,243 m), Kobilska Planina (1,356 m), Chudinska Planina (1,497 m), Lisets (1,500 m), Zemenska Planina (1,295 m), Rudina Planina (1,172 m) and Konyavska Planina (1,487 m).

There is only one nature reserve — Ostritsa, situated in Golo Bardo mountain range.

Major towns in Kraishte include Tran and Zemen in Bulgaria and Bosilegrad in Serbia.

In Serbian geography, the region is regularly treated together with the neighbouring Vlasina as "Vlasina and Krajište".[3]

Climate

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Kraishte has a moderate, relatively cool continental climate. Warm air masses from the Mediterranean are mostly blocked by the Osogovo, Doganica and Dukat mountains. Instead, the prevailing winds blow from the north. Winters are long and often bitterly cold; the northeasterly winter wind Kozodero ("the goat flayer") can keep the rivers frozen for months at a time. Springs and autumns are short and summers are relatively cool for the interior of the Balkans.[4] The town of Tran in Kraishte holds the record for the lowest temperature ever measured in Bulgaria, at –38.3 °C.[5]

List of mountains in Kraishte

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Ruy in Bulgaria
 
Flower meadows in Golo Bardo, Bulgaria
Mountain Height Countries
Miloslavska 1485 m Bulgaria, Serbia
Ruy / Ruj 1706 m Bulgaria, Serbia
Bohovska 1318 m Bulgaria, Serbia
Karvav Kamak / Krvavi Kamik 1737 m Bulgaria, Serbia
Milevska 1733 m Bulgaria, Serbia
Izvorska 1243 m Bulgaria, Serbia
Chudinska / Čudinska 1497 m Bulgaria, Serbia
Ezdimirska 1219 m Bulgaria
Strazha 1385 m Bulgaria
Lyubash 1398 m Bulgaria
Leshnikovska 1085 m Bulgaria
Elovishka 1329 m Bulgaria
Penkyovska 1187 m Bulgaria
Lyulyak 1324 m Bulgaria
Erulska 1481 m Bulgaria
Cherna Gora 1129 m Bulgaria
Golo Bardo 1158 m Bulgaria
Kobilska 1356 m Bulgaria
Lisets 1500 m Bulgaria
Zemenska 1295 m Bulgaria
Rudina 1172 m Bulgaria
Konyavska 1487 m Bulgaria
Gramada 1719 m Serbia
Čemernik 1719 m Serbia
Vardenik 1875 m Serbia
Besna Kobila 1922 m Serbia
Dukat 1881 m Serbia, North Macedonia
Lisinska 1829 m Serbia
Gloška 1756 m Serbia

See also

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References

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  1. ^ School, Balkan Heritage Field. "Nishava and Kraishte Regions". www.bhfieldschool.org. Retrieved 2023-05-20.
  2. ^ a b Цветанов, Момчил (2015). Българските планини (in Bulgarian). Стара Загора: Domino. p. 6. ISBN 978-954-651-249-9.
  3. ^ "Власина и Крајиште – Vlasina and Krajište". Свилен конац Silken Thread. 2017-12-28. Retrieved 2023-05-20.
  4. ^ "Стратегија развоја еколошког воћарства" (PDF). Општина Босилеград. August 2012.
  5. ^ "15 records set by freezing cold in Bulgaria". bnr.bg. Retrieved 2023-05-20.