Admiral Seizō Kobayashi (Japanese: 小林 躋造, Hepburn: Kobayashi Seizō, 1 October 1877 – 4 July 1962) was a Japanese naval commander, commander of the Combined Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy (1931–1933) and the 17th Governor-General of Taiwan (1936–1940).
Seizō Kobayashi | |
|---|---|
小林 躋造 | |
 Japanese Admiral Seizō Kobayashi | |
| Governor General of Taiwan | |
| In office 2 September 1936 – 27 November 1940 | |
| Monarch | Shōwa |
| Preceded by | Nakagawa Kenzō |
| Succeeded by | Kiyoshi Hasegawa |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1 October 1877 Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan |
| Died | 4 July 1962 (aged 84) Setagaya, Tokyo, Japan[citation needed] |
| Awards | Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun Grand Cordon of the Order of the Sacred Treasure |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Empire of Japan |
| Branch/service |  Imperial Japanese Navy |
| Years of service | 1898–1936 |
| Rank |  Admiral |
| Commands | Hirado |
| Battles/wars | Russo-Japanese War World War I |
Early life and career
editKobayashi was born in 1877 in Hiroshima and pursued a naval career. After graduating from the Imperial Naval Academy with honors, in 1898 Kobayashi first served as an ensign on the corvette Hiei and by 1900 was promoted as a second lieutenant on the battleship Hatsuse.[1] In the years 1902–1905 he was an artillery officer in the cruiser Naniwa and in 1912 was seconded to serve as an officer on HMS Collingwood.[2] In 1917 he was promoted to commander and took command of the cruiser Hirado. In 1920, Kobayashi was appointed naval attaché to the Imperial Japanese Embassy in London, and was appointed to the rank of rear admiral in 1922. In 1928, by now a vice admiral, Kobayashi commanded a naval squadron on board Izumo that visited Sydney Harbour, being the fourth time he had visited Sydney, and was received by the Governor of NSW, Sir Dudley de Chair, with whom he had served on HMS Collingwood.[3][4]
During the First World War, Kobayashi was awarded the US Navy Cross, for his actions in support of the Allied fleet, and with the end of the war he served on the committee tasked with the disposal of enemy naval vessels and was Japan's chief naval expert at the 1927 Geneva Naval Conference tasked with arms limitations. In June 1930, he was appointed Deputy Minister of Navy and in December 1931 was appointed as the Commander of the Combined Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy. His promotion to Admiral was confirmed on 1 March 1933. In March 1936, in the aftermath of the February 26 Incident, Kobayashi was transferred to the Naval reserve and was appointed as Governor-General of Taiwan on 2 September 1936.
Governor-General of Taiwan
editAs the first military governor after a long period of the rule of civilian governors, Koobayashi followed a policy of "Japanization", believing that the colonial status should be abolished in favour of removing the distinction between the Taiwanese and the Japanese on the island and making the territory a fundamental part of the Japan homeland. As Governor-General, in April 1937 Kobayashi ordered the banning of all the Chinese-language media in the colony, with the supremacy of the Japanese language being confirmed, a policy that was soon followed in the colony's schools.[5] This policy was termed kōminka undō (皇民化運動), which roughly meant a "campaign to transform [the conquered people] into the subjects of the emperor". This new aggressive colonial policy also necessitated the imposition of State Shinto and bans on traditional Chinese festivals and customs.[6]
Later life and career
editAfter resigning from the post of governor in 1940, he became a senator, and in December received a ministerial portfolio as Minister of State, which he resigned in March 1945. In February 1946 he stepped down from his position as a senator.
References
edit
- ^ Hiroshi Nishida: Kobayashi Seizo ( ang. ). The Imperial Japanese Navy [on-line]. 2002 [accessed 2012-07-22].
- ^ "KNEW GOVERNOR". Evening News. No. 18996. New South Wales, Australia. 12 May 1928. p. 6. Retrieved 14 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "VICE-ADMIRAL AND OFFICERS OF JAPANESE SQUADRON LANDING IN SYDNEY". The Sydney Morning Herald. No. 28, 246. New South Wales, Australia. 16 July 1928. p. 14. Retrieved 14 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "SYDNEY'S PROGRESS PRAISED". The Sun. No. 5519. New South Wales, Australia. 17 July 1928. p. 13 (FINAL EXTRA). Retrieved 14 July 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ Kawahara, Isao. "The State of Taiwanese Culture and Taiwanese New Literature in 1937" (6) in Liao, Ping-Hui; Wang, David Der-Wei (Eds.). Taiwan under Japanese Colonial Rule, 1895-1945. New York: Columbia University Press, 2006, p. 122.
- ^ Peattie, Mark R. "Japanese Attitudes towards Colonialism, 1895-1945" (2) in Chen, Ching-chih; Myers, Ramon Hawley; Peattie, Mark R. The Japanese Colonial Empire, 1895-1945. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1984, p. 121.