Kinosternon is a genus of small aquatic turtles from the Americas known commonly as mud turtles.
| Kinosternon | |
|---|---|
| |
| Mississippi mud turtle Kinosternon subrubrum hippocrepis | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Reptilia |
| Order: | Testudines |
| Suborder: | Cryptodira |
| Superfamily: | Kinosternoidea |
| Family: | Kinosternidae |
| Subfamily: | Kinosterninae |
| Genus: | Kinosternon Spix, 1824[1] |
Geographic range edit
They are found in the United States, Mexico, Central America, and South America. The greatest species richness is in Mexico, and only three species (K. dunni, K. leucostomum, and K. scorpioides) are found in South America.
Description edit
They are very similar to the musk turtles, but generally smaller in size, and their carapaces are not as highly domed.
Diet edit
All mud turtles are carnivorous, consuming various aquatic invertebrates (especially molluscs and worms[2]) , fish, and even carrion.
Behavior edit
Mud turtles live in the ground layer on the bed of bodies of slowly-flowing or still water. By burrowing deeply into mud, mud turtles are protected from danger. They occasionally like to bask in the sun.[2]
Species edit
Extant edit
- Central Chiapas mud turtle - K. abaxillare (Baur, 1925)
- Tabasco mud turtle - K. acutum Gray, 1831[1]
- Alamos mud turtle - K. alamosae Berry & Legler, 1980[1]
- Central American mud turtle - K. angustipons Legler, 1965[1]
- Striped mud turtle - K. baurii (Garman, 1891)[1]
- Jalisco mud turtle - K. chimalhuaca Berry, Seidel, & Iverson, 1996[1]
- Cora mud turtle - K. cora Loc-Barragán et al., 2020[3]
- Creaser's mud turtle - K. creaseri Hartweg, 1934[1]
- Dunn's mud turtle - K. dunni Schmidt, 1947[1]
- Durango mud turtle - K. durangoense Iverson, 1979[1]
- Yellow mud turtle - K. flavescens (Agassiz, 1857)[1]
- Herrera's mud turtle - K. herrerai Stejneger, 1925[1]
- Rough-footed mud turtle - K. hirtipes (Wagler, 1830)[1]
- Valley of Mexico mud turtle - K. h. hirtipes (Wagler, 1830)[1]
- Lake Chapala mud turtle - K. h. chapalaense Iverson, 1981[1]
- San Juanico mud turtle - K. h. magdalense Iverson, 1981[1]
- Viesca mud turtle - K. h. megacephalum Iverson, 1981 (extinct)[1]
- Mexican plateau mud turtle - K. h. murrayi Glass and Hartweg, 1951[1]
- Patzcuarco mud turtle - K. h. tarascense Iverson, 1981[1]
- Mexican mud turtle - K. integrum (LeConte, 1954)[1]
- White-lipped mud turtle - K. leucostomum A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1851[1]
- Oaxaca mud turtle - K. oaxacae Berry & Iverson, 1980[1]
- Scorpion mud turtle - K. scorpioides (Linnaeus, 1766)[1]
- Sonora mud turtle - K. sonoriense (Le Conte, 1854)[1]
- Florida mud turtle - K. steindachneri (Siebenrock, 1906)[4]
- Arizona mud turtle - K. stejnegeri Gilmore, 1923[1][5]
- Eastern mud turtle - K. subrubrum (Bonnaterre, 1789)[1]
- Vallarta mud turtle - K. vogti López-Luna et al., 2018[6]
Extinct edit
†Kinosternon arizonense Gilmore, 1923 (known from Plio-Pleistocene fossil remains, formerly considered conspecific with K. stejnegeri)[1][5]
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Tabasco mud turtle (Kinosternon acutum) 6 March 2018. -
Arizona mud turtle (Kinosternon arizonense), 25 October 2018. -
Creaser's mud turtle (Kinosternon creaseri), juvenile from Yucatán, México. -
Mexican mud turtle (Kinosternon integrum), a sub-adult from the Municipality of Tula, Tamaulipas, Mexico (20 September 2003). -
Oaxaca mud turtle (Kinosternon oaxacae) La Soledad, Oaxaca, Mexico. -
Scorpion mud turtle (Kinosternon scorpioides), southern Tamaulipas, Mexico (23 September 2004). -
Sonoran mud turtle (Kinosternon sonoriense), male. -
Eastern mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum) plastron.
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References edit
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai Rhodin 2010, p. 000.95-000.98
- ^ a b Obst, Fritz Jürgen (1986). Turtles, Tortoises, and Terrapins (1 ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 112. ISBN 0-312-82362-2.
- ^ Loc-Barragán, Jesús A.; Reyes-Velasco, Jacobo; Woolrich-Piña, Guillermo A.; Grünwald, Christoph I.; Anaya, Myriam Venegas De; Rangel-Mendoza, Judith A.; López-Luna, Marco A. (27 November 2020). "A New Species of Mud Turtle of Genus Kinosternon (Testudines: Kinosternidae) from the Pacific Coastal Plain of Northwestern Mexico". Zootaxa. 4885 (4): 509–529. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4885.4.3. PMID 33311258.
- ^ Rhodin, Anders G.J.; Inverson, John B.; Roger, Bour; Fritz, Uwe; Georges, Arthur; Shaffer, H. Bradley; van Dijk, Peter Paul (August 3, 2017). "Turtles of the world, 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status(8th Ed.)" (PDF). Chelonian Research Monographs. 7. ISBN 978-1-5323-5026-9. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
- ^ a b McCord, Robert D. (2016-02-17). "What is Kinosternon arizonense?". Historical Biology. 28 (1–2): 310–315. Bibcode:2016HBio...28..310M. doi:10.1080/08912963.2015.1053879. ISSN 0891-2963. S2CID 85572922.
- ^ López-Luna, Marco A.; Cupul-Magaña, Fabio G.; Escobedo-Galván, Armando H.; González-Hernández, Adriana J.; Centenero-Alcalá, Eric; Rangel-Mendoza, Judith A.; Ramírez-Ramírez, Mariana M.; Cazares-Hernández, and Erasmo. "A Distinctive New Species of Mud Turtle from Western México". Chelonian Conservation and Biology. 2018.
- Bibliography
- Rhodin, Anders G.J.; van Dijk, Peter Paul; Iverson, John B.; Shaffer, H. Bradley (2010-12-14). "Turtles of the world, 2010 update: Annotated checklist of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution and conservation status" (PDF). Chelonian Research Monographs. 5. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-17.