Razavi Khorasan province (Persian: استان خراسان رضوی)[a] is one of the 31 provinces of Iran, located in northeastern Iran. Its capital is the city of Mashhad, the second-most-populous city in Iran.[5]
Razavi Khorasan Province
Persian: استان خراسان رضوی | |
|---|---|
    .jpg)   | |
 Location of Khorasan-e Razavi province within Iran | |
| Coordinates: 35°47′N 58°42′E / 35.783°N 58.700°E[1] | |
| Country |  Iran |
| Region | Region 5 |
| Capital | Mashhad |
| Counties | 34 |
| Government | |
| • Governor-general | Gholam Hossein Mozaffari |
| Area | |
| • Total | 118,884 km2 (45,901 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 3,211 m (10,535 ft) |
| Lowest elevation (Sarakhs) | 299 m (981 ft) |
| Population (2016)[3] | |
| • Total | 6,434,501 |
| • Estimate (2020) | 6,871,000[2] |
| • Density | 54/km2 (140/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Khorasani (Persian: خراسانی) |
| Time zone | UTC+03:30 (IRST) |
| Area code | 051 |
| ISO 3166 code | IR-09 |
| Main language(s) | Persian |
| HDI (2017) | 0.781[4] high · 19th |
| Website | http://ostandari.khorasan.ir/ |
Razavi Khorasan is one of the three provinces that were created after the division of Khorasan Province in 2004. In 2014, it was placed in Region 5[6] with Mashhad as the location of the region's secretariat.
History
editThe Greater Khorasan has witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties and governments in its territory throughout history. Various tribes of the Arabs, Turks, Kurds and Turkmens brought changes to the region time and time again.[7]
Ancient geographers of Iran divided Iran ("Ērānshahr") into eight segments of which the most flourishing and largest was the territory of Greater Khorasan. Esfarayen, among other cities of the province, was one of the focal points for residence of the Aryan tribes after entering Iran.
The Parthian Empire was based near Merv in Khorasan for many years. During the Sassanid dynasty, the province was governed by a Spahbod (Lieutenant General) called "Padgošban" and four margraves, each commander of one of the four parts of the province.
Khorasan was divided into four parts during the Muslim conquest of Persia, each section being named after one of the four largest cities, Nishapur, Merv, Herat, and Balkh.
In the year 651, the army of the Rashidun Caliphate conquered Khorasan. The territory remained under the rule of the Abbasid Caliphate until 820, followed by the rule of the Iranian Tahirid dynasty until 873, and the Samanid dynasty in 900.
Khorasan was the largest province of Iran until it was divided into three provinces on 29 September 2004. The provinces approved by the parliament of Iran (on 18 May 2004) and the Council of Guardians (on 29 May 2004) were Khorasan-e Razavi, North Khorasan, and South Khorasan.
Demographics
editEthnicity
editThe major ethnic group in this region are Persians, there are other sizeable communities such as Khorasani Kurds, Khorasani Turks, Turkmens and Khorasani Baloch.[8]
Population
editAt the time of the 2006 National Census, the province's population was 5,515,980 in 1,426,187 households.[9] The following census in 2011 counted 5,994,402 people in 1,716,314 households.[10] The 2016 census measured the population of the province as 6,434,501 in 1,938,703 households.[3]
Administrative divisions
edit
The population history and structural changes of Razavi Khorasan province's administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table.
| Counties | 2006[9] | 2011[10] | 2016[3] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bajestan[b] | — | 30,664 | 31,207 |
| Bakharz[c] | — | 53,582 | 54,615 |
| Bardaskan | 68,392 | 72,626 | 75,631 |
| Chenaran | 108,533 | 125,601 | 155,013 |
| Dargaz | 73,439 | 74,326 | 72,355 |
| Davarzan[d] | — | — | 21,911 |
| Fariman | 86,428 | 93,930 | 99,001 |
| Firuzeh[e] | — | 42,739 | 37,539 |
| Golbahar[f] | — | — | — |
| Gonabad | 106,158 | 80,783 | 88,753 |
| Joghatai[g] | — | 47,920 | 49,175 |
| Joveyn[g] | — | 54,139 | 54,488 |
| Kalat | 39,560 | 38,232 | 36,237 |
| Kashmar | 146,536 | 157,149 | 168,664 |
| Khaf | 108,964 | 121,859 | 138,972 |
| Khalilabad | 44,993 | 49,111 | 51,701 |
| Khoshab[h] | — | 37,914 | 37,181 |
| Kuhsorkh[i] | — | — | — |
| Mahvelat | 47,068 | 48,900 | 51,409 |
| Mashhad | 2,848,637 | 3,069,941 | 3,372,660 |
| Miyan Jolgeh[j] | — | — | — |
| Nishapur | 441,184 | 433,105 | 451,780 |
| Quchan | 179,613 | 179,714 | 174,495 |
| Roshtkhar | 57,247 | 60,632 | 60,689 |
| Sabzevar | 429,187 | 319,893 | 306,310 |
| Salehabad[k] | — | — | — |
| Sarakhs | 85,524 | 89,956 | 97,519 |
| Sheshtamad[l] | — | — | — |
| Taybad | 143,205 | 108,424 | 117,564 |
| Torbat-e Heydarieh | 261,917 | 210,390 | 224,626 |
| Torbat-e Jam | 239,395 | 262,712 | 267,671 |
| Torqabeh and Shandiz[m][n] | — | 58,483 | 69,640 |
| Zaveh[o] | — | 71,677 | 67,695 |
| Zeberkhan[p] | — | — | — |
| Total | 5,515,980 | 5,994,402 | 6,434,501 |
Cities
editAccording to the 2016 census, 4,700,924 people (over 72% of the population of Razavi Khorasan province) live in the following cities:[3]
The following sorted table lists the most populous cities in Razavi Khorasan according to 2016 Census results announced by Statistical Center of Iran.[3] After Mashhad, Nishapur, Sabzevar, and Torbat-e Heydarieh are the most populous cities of the province.
Mashhad
Nishapur |
Rank | City | County | Population |
Sabzevar
Torbat-e Heydarieh |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Mashhad | Mashhad | 2,987,323 | ||
| 2 | Nishapur | Nishapur | 264,375 | ||
| 3 | Sabzevar | Sabzevar | 243,700 | ||
| 4 | Torbat-e Heydarieh | Torbat-e Heydarieh | 140,019 | ||
| 5 | Kashmar | Kashmar | 102,282 | ||
| 6 | Quchan | Quchan | 101,604 | ||
| 7 | Torbat-e Jam | Torbat-e Jam | 100,449 | ||
| 8 | Taybad | Taybad | 56,562 | ||
| 9 | Chenaran | Chenaran | 53,879 | ||
| 10 | Sarakhs | Sarakhs | 42,179 |
Archaeological sites
edit
The main archeological sites discovered in this province include:
Kohandezh hills
editExcavations conducted by an American team between 1935 and 1940 in Nishapur discovered museum-worthy objects, which were shared with the government of the Shah. The Metropolitan Museum of Art's publications[citation needed] document its own Nishapur ceramics from those excavations. For half a century after 1945 the site of Nishapur was ransacked to feed the international market demand for early Islamic works of art. Nowadays, the Kohandezh hills reveal the remains from those excavations.[citation needed]
Shadiyakh
editShadiyakh was an important palace in old Nishapur up to the 7th century, and became more important and populated after that. The palace was completely ruined in the 13th century. It was the home of notables such as Farid al-Din Attar, whose tomb is found in Shadiyakh.
Attractions
edit
This province contains many historical and natural attractions, such as mineral water springs, small lakes, recreational areas, caves and protected regions, and various hiking areas.
Besides these, Khorasan encompasses numerous religious buildings and places of pilgrimage, including the shrine of Imam Reza, Goharshad mosque and many other mausoleums and Imamzadehs which attract visitors to this province.
The Cultural Heritage of Iran lists 1179 sites of historical and cultural significance in all three provinces of Khorasan.
Some of the popular attractions of Khorasan-e Razavi are:
Mashhad
edit- Imam Reza Shrine
- Goharshad Mosque
- Tomb of Nader Shah
- Tomb of Khajeh Rabie
- Tomb of Ferdowsi
- Haruniyeh Dome
Nishapur
edit- Mausoleum of Attar of Nishapur
- Mausoleum of Omar Khayyám
- Tomb of Kamal-ol-molk
- Tomb of Heydar Yaghma
- Shadiyakh
- Jameh Mosque of Nishapur
Sabzevar
edit- Khosrogerd Minaret
- Pamenar Mosque, Sabzevar
- Jameh Mosque of Sabzevar
- Tomb of Hadi Sabzevari
- Tomb of Boghrat
Kashmar
edit- Arg of Kashmar
- Tomb of Hassan Modarres
- Imamzadeh Seyed Morteza
- Imamzadeh Hamzeh, Kashmar
- Imamzadeh Mohammad
- Grave of Pir Quzhd
- Jameh Mosque of Kashmar
- Haj Soltan Religious School
- Haji Jalal Mosque
- Atashgah Manmade-Cave
- Atashgah Castle
- Kohneh Castle, Zendeh Jan
- Rig Castle
- Amin al-tojar Caravansarai
- Talaabad Watermill
- Yakhchāl of Kashmar
Khalilabad
editTorbat-e Jam
edit
Gonabad
editSarakhs
edit
Bardaskan
edit- Tomb of Abdolabad
- Aliabad Tower
- Firuzabad Tower
- Firuzabad area
- Seyyed Bagher Ab anbar
- Darone Cave
- Sir Cave
- Rahmanniyeh Castle
- Qal'eh Dokhtar, Khooshab
- Qal'eh Dokhtar, Doruneh
Bajestan
edit
Taybad
editRivash
editColleges and universities
edit- Asrar Institute of Higher Education[26]
- Bahar Institute of Higher Education[27]
- Comprehensive University of Applied and Practical Sciences, Khorasan[28]
- Ferdowsi University of Mashhad[29]
- Gonabad University of Medical Sciences[30]
- Hakim-e Sabzevari University of Sabzevar[31]
- Imam Reza University[32]
- Islamic Azad University of Bardaskan
- Islamic Azad University of Ghoochan
- Islamic Azad University of Gonabad[33]
- Islamic Azad University of Mashhad
- Islamic Azad University of Neishabur
- Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar[34]
- Islamic Azad University of Torbat e Jam
- Islamic Azad University of Torbat Heidariyeh
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
- Payame Noor University of Bardaskan
- Payame Noor University of Mashhad
- Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences[35]
- Sadjad University of Technology[36]
- Sport Sciences Research Institute of Iran
Gallery
edit
.jpg)
See also
edit
Media related to Razavi Khorasan Province at Wikimedia Commons
Notes
edit- ^ Also romanized as Ostân-e Xorâsân-e Razavi; also خراسان مرکزی, romanized as Xorâsân-e Markazi {English: Central Khorasan Province
- ^ Separated from Gonabad County after the 2006 census[11]
- ^ Separated from Taybad County after the 2006 census[12]
- ^ Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2011 census[13]
- ^ Separated from Nishapur County after the 2006 census; established as Takht-e Jolgeh County[14]
- ^ Separated from Chenaran County after the 2016 census[15]
- ^ a b Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2006 census[16]
- ^ Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2006 census[17]
- ^ Separated from Kashmar County after the 2016 census[18]
- ^ Separated from Nishapur County after the 2016 census[19]
- ^ Separated from Torbat-e Jam County after the 2016 census[20]
- ^ Separated from Sabzevar County after the 2016 census[21]
- ^ Separated from Mashhad County after the 2006 census[22]
- ^ Formerly Binalud County[23]
- ^ Separated from Torbat-e Heydarieh County after the 2006 census[24]
- ^ Separated from Nishapur County after the 2016 census[25]
References
edit- ^ OpenStreetMap contributors (28 October 2024). "Razavi Khorasan Province" (Map). OpenStreetMap (in Persian). Retrieved 28 October 2024.
- ^ "جمعیت". amar.org.ir.
- ^ a b c d e f Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1395 (2016): Razavi Khorasan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 2 April 2022. Retrieved 19 December 2022.
- ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org. Retrieved 13 September 2018.
- ^ Habibi, Hassan (21 June 1369). "Approval of the organization and chain of citizenship of the elements and units of the divisions of Khorasan province, centered in Mashhad". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Defense Political Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2024.
- ^ همشهری آنلاین-استانهای کشور به ۵ منطقه تقسیم شدند (Provinces were divided into 5 regions). Hamshahri Online (in Persian). 22 June 2014. Archived from the original on 23 June 2014.
- ^ "CSKK - Kurds in Khorasan". Retrieved 24 October 2024.
- ^ "Welcome to Encyclopaedia Iranica".
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1385 (2006): Razavi Khorasan Province. amar.org.ir (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 25 September 2022.
- ^ a b Census of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 1390 (2011): Razavi Khorasan Province. irandataportal.syr.edu (Report) (in Persian). The Statistical Center of Iran. Archived from the original (Excel) on 20 January 2023. Retrieved 19 December 2022 – via Iran Data Portal, Syracuse University.
- ^ Davodi, Parviz (29 October 2019) [Approved 18 September 1386]. Approval letter regarding reforms of national divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Gonabad County. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 93023/42/4/1; Notification 161409/T38028K. Archived from the original on 20 October 2020. Retrieved 8 November 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (14 August 2019) [Approved 5 March 1389]. Letter of approval regarding divisional reforms in Razavi Khorasan province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 203213/42/1/4/1; Notification 105111/T44362. Archived from the original on 5 November 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2024 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
- ^ Rahimi, Mohammad Reza (30 June 2012). "Davarzan County was added to the map of national divisions; with some changes in the geography map of Razavi Khorasan province". isna.ir (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023 – via Iranian Students' News Agency.
- ^ Davodi, Parviz (26 November 2014) [Approved 20 September 1386]. Approval letter regarding reforms of national divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Nishapur County. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 93023/42/4/1; Notification 161416/T35368K. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 17 November 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
- ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2023) [Approved 11 August 1399]. Changes in national divisions in the case of Chenaran County, Razavi Khorasan province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 68717. Archived from the original on 29 April 2023. Retrieved 29 April 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Davodi, Parviz (c. 2014) [Approved 18 September 1386]. Approval letter regarding the reforms of national divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Sabzevar County. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Proposal 130413/42/4/1; Notification 161474/T32507K. Archived from the original on 16 December 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
- ^ Rahimi, Mohammadreza (28 February 2013) [Approved 28 June 1389]. Approval letter regarding definitions and national divisions in Sabzevar County. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 29266/42/1/4/1; Notification 149133/T44704H. Archived from the original on 20 December 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center.
- ^ "Notification of the establishment of Kuhsorkh County in Razavi Khorasan province". cabinetoffice.ir (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. 23 December 2018 [Approved 20 September 2018]. Letter 56248/120511. Archived from the original on 25 October 2022. Retrieved 1 May 2023 – via Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board.
- ^ Mokhbar, Mohammad (c. 2023) [Approved 11 December 1401]. Changing the center of Eshqabad Rural District, Miyan Jolgeh District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan province to Raisi village and the center of Belharat Rural District to Rigi village. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 51670. Archived from the original on 2 July 2023. Retrieved 17 November 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2023) [Approved 15 July 2017]. Letter of approval regarding reforms and divisional changes in Razavi Khorasan province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 75509. Archived from the original on 8 May 2023. Retrieved 5 January 2024 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2020) [Approved 21 February 2019]. Letter of approval regarding the national divisions of Razavi Khorasan province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 129353; Notification 17279/T55048H. Archived from the original on 21 October 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Davodi, Parviz (18 September 1386). "Approval letter regarding the reforms of country divisions in Razavi Khorasan province, Mashhad County". Islamic Parliament Research Center (in Persian). Ministry of Interior, Political-Defense Commission of the Government Board. Archived from the original on 23 November 2015. Retrieved 10 May 2023.
- ^ Rahimian, Hamid Reza (8 June 2022) [Approved 16 June 1401]. "The county of Binalud was renamed Torqabeh and Shandiz". isna.ir (in Persian). Archived from the original on 8 June 2022. Retrieved 14 April 2024 – via Iranian Students' News Agency.
- ^ Davodi, Parviz (28 October 2019) [Approved 28 July 2018]. Approval letter regarding the creation of Zaveh County with the center of Dowlatabad city under the citizenship of Razavi Khorasan province. rc.majlis.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Council of Ministers. Proposal 78561/42/1/4; Notification 141605/T31734H. Archived from the original on 18 October 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2023 – via Islamic Parliament Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ Jahangiri, Ishaq (c. 2020) [Approved 21 February 2019]. Approval letter regarding the establishment of Heshmatiyeh Rural District in Zeberkhan District of Nishapur County, Razavi Khorasan province. qavanin.ir (Report) (in Persian). Ministry of the Interior, Board of Ministers. Proposal 159040. Archived from the original on 2 November 2020. Retrieved 11 May 2023 – via Laws and Regulations Portal of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
- ^ "Home". asrar.ac.ir.
- ^ "مؤسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی بهار مشهد – مؤسسه آموزش عالی غیرانتفاعی بهار مشهد – دانشگاه بهار مشهد".
- ^ "Welcome to ISATC 1". 11 February 2005. Archived from the original on 11 February 2005.
- ^ "دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد - دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد". www.um.ac.ir.
- ^ "دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات بهداشتی درمانی گناباد". www.gmu.ac.ir.
- ^ "دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری – دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری پویا در عرصه ملی پیشرو در مسیر توسعه".
- ^ "دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا (علیه السلام)". دانشگاه بین المللی امام رضا (علیه السلام).
- ^ "دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی گناباد". iau-gonabad.ac.ir.
- ^ "دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی سبزوار". www.iaus.ac.ir.
- ^ "دانشگاه علوم پزشكي سبزوار - صفحه اصلی". www.medsab.ac.ir.
- ^ "دانشگاه صنعتی سجاد". www.sadjad.ac.ir.
External links
edit- The text of the law for division of Khorasan into three provinces (in Persian)
- Cultural Heritage Foundation of Khorasan
- Khorasan-e Razavi Province cooprative office
- Khorasan-e Razavi Province cooprative office (in Persian)
- Khorasan-e Razavi Province Department of Education (in Persian)
- Imam Reza Shrine Official website
- Mashad Mayor's Office
- Central Library of Astan Quds Razavi Official website