Kdyně

Kdyně
Kdyně
Town
	View from the east
	Coat of arms
	Kdyně Location in the Czech Republic
	Coordinates: 49°23′26″N 13°2′18″E / 49.39056°N 13.03833°E
Country	Czech Republic
Region	Plzeň
District	Domažlice
First mentioned	1369
Government
• Mayor	Oskar Hamrus
Area
• Total	28.74 km2 (11.10 sq mi)
Elevation	455 m (1,493 ft)
Population (2024-01-01)
• Total	5,139
• Density	180/km2 (460/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+1 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code	345 06
Website	www.kdyne.cz

Kdyně (Czech pronunciation: [ˈɡdɪɲɛ]; German: Neugedein) is a town in Domažlice District in the Plzeň Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 5,100 inhabitants.

Administrative parts

The villages of Branišov, Dobříkov, Hluboká, Modlín, Nové Chalupy, Podzámčí, Prapořiště, Smržovice and Starec are administrative parts of Kdyně.

Etymology

The name has its origin in the Middle High German word gedinge (meaning 'court', 'contract', 'condition') and is related to the name of the Polish city of Gdynia. The name was given to the settlement after its foundation probably according to the work regulations, which were a novelty at the time.^[2]

Geography

Kdyně is located about 9 kilometres (6 mi) southeast of Domažlice and 44 km (27 mi) southwest of Plzeň. It lies mostly in the Cham-Furth Depression. The northeastern part of the municipality extends in to the Švihov Highlands and contains the highest point of Kdyně, the hill Koráb at 775 m (2,543 ft) above sea level.

History

The first written mention of Kdyně is from 1396, but the settlement was founded in the 13th century at the latest. In 1508, Kdyně was referred to as a town for the first time. The oldest textile manufactory in Bohemia was founded here in 1696. Kdyně has been involved in textile production for hundreds of years.^[3]

Demographics

Historical population

Year	Pop.	±%
1869	4,189	—
1880	4,456	+6.4%
1890	4,266	−4.3%
1900	4,646	+8.9%
1910	5,022	+8.1%

Year	Pop.	±%
1921	4,856	−3.3%
1930	5,138	+5.8%
1950	4,025	−21.7%
1961	4,193	+4.2%
1970	4,784	+14.1%

Year	Pop.	±%
1980	4,802	+0.4%
1991	4,369	−9.0%
2001	4,900	+12.2%
2011	5,197	+6.1%
2021	4,999	−3.8%

Source: Censuses^[4]^[5]

Transport

Town square

The I/22 road (the section from Klatovy to Domažlice) runs through the town.

Kdyně is located on the railway line Klatovy–Domažlice.

Sights

Church of Saint Nicholas

The main landmark of Kdyně is the Church of Saint Nicholas. It was founded in the second half of the 14th century and enlarged in 1763–1768.^[6]

The Borderland Museum has exhibitions dedicated to the history of the sub-region, the specifics of the border (trade, smuggling, etc.) and crafts, especially the tradition of the textile industry in the town.^[6]

Dům v kožichu (lit. "House in a fur coat") from around 1780 is one of the oldest preserved houses in Kdyně. It is a cultural monument and part of the Borderland Museum, which illustrates the living of previous generations in this house and the way of life.^[6]

The Jewish synagogue was opened in 1863 and it served religious life until 1936. Today it serves cultural purposes and contains an exhibition on the history of the town's Jewish population.^[6] The Neoromanesque synagogue contains a unique mikveh. After the mikveh was abolished in 1940, it was rebuilt in 2008 and it is the only mikveh in Central Europe from the 21st century.^[7]

Rýzmberk Castle is a ruin of a castle on the Rýzmberk hill from the 2nd half of the 13th century. It contains a 13 m (43 ft) high stone lookout tower built in 1848.^[6]

On the top of the Koráb hill, there is the 30 m (98 ft) high Koráb observation tower.^[6]