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Havyaka Brahmin, originally called Havika Brahmana, is a Hindu Brahmin community native to the districts of Shivamogga, Uttara Kannada, Dakshina Kannada, coastal Karnataka and the Kasaragod district of Kerala. Havyakas fall under the Pancha-Dravida Brahmin category; they are the followers of Yajurveda. Some of them follows Rigveda and Samaveda Shakas also. They follow the Advaita philosophy of Adi Shankaracharya.
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Indian state of Karnataka | |
| Languages | |
| Havyaka Kannada, Sanskrit | |
| Religion | |
| Hinduism |
Etymology and origin
editThe words as attested by linguists Sediyapu Krishna Bhat is a derivation from Ahichatra[spelling?] Brahmana. It is changed to Ahika and then Havika and is agreed upon by scholars like Sediyapu and Nadahalli Ranganatha Sharma. The word Ahichatra Brahmana is mentioned in inscriptions. Another etymology that is popular for Havyaka is argued to have derived from the Sanskrit word havya which means "sacred oblation". Thus, Havyaka could mean "performer of Havana rituals". However, according to Shri Sediyapu Krishna Bhat, the word "Havyaka" is a Sanskritization of Ahika-Havika. They are referred to as "Haviga" in colonial-era documents by British ethnographers. Some variations of this name are "Haiga" and "Havika"; "Haiga" is also the name of the region that is centred around Gokarna and is bounded by Tulu Nadu to the south; this region is also called Parashuramakshethra, Gorastradesha or Gokarnamandala. Sanskrit scholar Mahamahopadhyaya Nadahalli Ranganatha Sharma rejects the Havya+kavya derivation as grammatically incorrect. The word Havyaka was not used in official records until 1928, including in mathas.
Havyakas are descended from Brahmins brought from Northern India by King Mayurasharman who founded the Kadamba dynasty. These Brahmins were originally from the Ahichchatra kingdom near the modern-day Ramnagar village in the modern-day Bareilly district in Uttar Pradesh. They were brought in order to perform Vedic rituals and were originally housed at Banavasi, which is 24 kilometers from Sirsi. From there, they spread out in the nearby regions primarily following areas which were suitable for areca nut plantations, which they have historically been involved in.
According to findings, the Havyakas were originally from the Banavasi region and had migrated to Ahichachtra (in the present state of Uttar Pradesh) due to the threat of non-Vedic sects at that time. Centuries ago, Kadambara Mayuravarman, who established Karnataka's first royal family, found it difficult to carry out his religious rituals due to the lack of Brahmins in those days, so he invited Havyaka families from Ahichachtra to perform homa-havans and provided shelter to some villages and facilitated them to settle down. When the Havyakas were concerned about their protection when they came to the Kadamba kingdom, the Kadamba king gave the Haigunda region of the Sharavati shore, which is an island in the midst of the sharavati river, to the Havyakas so as not to disturb the Vedic works. In recent times, Haigunda temple was under the administration of Sri Ramachandrapura Mutt, one of the most famous gurupeeths, renovated under the guidance of Sri Sri Raghaveshwar Bharati Swami and religious programs were performed on special occasions like Navratri.
Geographic distribution
editHavyakas are native to the Uttara Kannada and the Dakshina Kannada districts of Karnataka and the Kasaragod district of Kerala. A smaller percentage can also be found in the Sagara, Soraba, Hosanagara, Shivamogga and Thirthahalli taluks in Shivamogga, Chikmagalur and Kodagu districts. They are found in Sirsi, Siddapura, Yellapura, Kumta and Honnavar in Uttara Kannada; in Puttur and Sullia in Dakshina Kannada in Maravanthe; in Udupi and in the northern parts of the Kasaragod district such as Kumbla.
Notable people
edit- Asha Bhat, Indian actress, model and the winner of the Miss Supranational 2014 pageant.
- Anantkumar Hegde, Indian politician and Member of Parliament for Uttara Kannada constituency.
- Chittani Ramachandra Hegde, yakshagana artist. Padmashree.
- Ramakrishna Hegde, former chief minister of Karnataka.
- Vishweshwar Hegde Kageri, Indian politician and 22nd speaker of the Karnataka Legislative Assembly.
- Abhaya Simha, film director and screenwriter.
Rituals
editMen undergo the Upanayana when they turn seven years old to initiate their Vedic studies.[1] It is also known as Brahmopadesha. The key ritual during the Upanayana is that of putting a sacred thread called yajnopavitha or janivaara consisting of three cotton strands across the left shoulder of the boy. The initiate is called a dvija "twice-born" and is expected to perform the Sandhyavandana at least twice daily. Yajnopavitha has a special knot in it which is called as "Brahma Gantu". Havyaka Brahmins also undergo the Upakarma, where the sacred thread is changed.
In old Vedas, it is mentioned that after Upanayana, he enters the stage of Brahmacharya ashrama, leading a celibate and austere life of a student in his teacher's home and eating from handouts given by the neighbours. When he has accomplished his studies of the Vedas, he enters the Grahastha ashram, a married man becoming head of his household. During the wedding, the groom wears two janivaaras at the same time to signify his marriage.
Language
editThe Havyakas are united by their language, known as Havigannada, which is a dialect of Kannada with a slight resemblance to the language of Malayalam south of the Malabar Coast. There are two distinct dialects of the Havyaka language. One in Uttara Kannada and Shivamogga districts and another in Dakshina Kannada and Kasaragodu districts. The dialect differs from mainstream Kannada, non-Havyakas who understand and speak Kannada cannot understand Havigannada.
Most Havyakas also understand mainstream Kannada (particularly, the Havyakas living in Bangalore, who speak Bangalore Kannada outdoors and Havigannada at home); the Havyakas who are native to Dakshina Kannada also understand Tulu and those from Kasaragod speak Havigannada at home and Malayalam outdoors. Havyakas who are settled in Goa and Karwar understand and speak Konkani. Apart from this, many of them, especially those living in metropolitan cities, can speak Hindi and English.
Havyaka cuisine
editThe Havyakas follow a lacto-vegetarian diet. Compared to the cuisines of other communities of South India, Havyaka cuisine is milder and less spicy. Rice, curds, buttermilk and vegetables are the staples used in Havyaka cuisine. Coconut is used in a lot of dishes. Some popular Havyaka dishes include:
- Thambuli: A dish of chopped vegetables with curd or buttermilk and a seasoning of spices fried in oil.
- Sasime: A dish prepared with the ground paste of any vegetable along with curd and a seasoning of spices fried in oil.
- Appe huli: A sour and tangy watery soup made from unripe mangoes and chilly.
- Patrode: A dish made of colocasia leaves.
Curries are prepared from unripe jackfruits, the ripe jackfruit is used to cook items such as dosas and halvas.
See also
editReferences
editBooks
edit- Tulunadu - Samajika Chariteyalli ondu samshodhanatmaka Vivechane [Talanadu - A Research Discipline in Social Behavior] (in Kannada).
- Anand Saletore, Bhasker (1936). Ancient Karnataka History Of Tuluva. Vol. 1. Oriental Book Agency.
- Ramesh, K. V. (1970). A History Of South Kanara. Karnatak University.
- Saletore, B. A. (1940). Vaishnavism In Vijayanagara, BA Saletore. 1111006599313.