Kainji Dam is a dam across the Niger River in Niger State of Central Nigeria.[1] Construction of the dam by Impregilo (a consortium of Italian civil engineering contractors) began in 1964 and was completed in 1968.[2] Its total cost was estimated at US$209 million (equivalent to about US$1.5 billion in 2023 dollars[3]), with one-quarter of this amount used to resettle people displaced by the construction of the dam and its reservoir, the Kainji Lake.[4][5]

Kainji Dam
Kainji Dam is located in Nigeria
Kainji Dam
Map of Nigeria showing the location of Kainji Dam.
LocationKainji, Niger, Nigeria
Coordinates09°51′45″N 04°36′48″E / 9.86250°N 4.61333°E / 9.86250; 4.61333
Construction began1964
Opening date1968
Construction costUS$209 million
Owner(s)Federal Government of Nigeria
Operator(s)Mainstream Energy
Dam and spillways
ImpoundsNiger River
Height65 m (213 ft)
Length550 m (1,804 ft)
Reservoir
CreatesKainji Lake
Power Station
Commission date1968
Turbines8
Installed capacity760 megawatts (1,020,000 hp)
960 megawatts (1,290,000 hp) (max)
Kainji Dam

Dimensions

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Kainji Dam extends for about 10 kilometres (6.2 mi), including its saddle dam, which closes off a tributary valley. The primary section across the outflow to the Niger is 550 metres (1,800 ft). Most of the structure is made from earth, but the centre section, housing the hydroelectric turbines, was built from concrete. This section is 65 metres (213 ft) high. Kanji Dam is one of the longest dams in the world.[6]

Power station

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The dam was designed to have a generating capacity of 960 megawatts (1,290,000 hp); however, only 8 of its 12 turbines have been installed, reducing the capacity to 760 megawatts (1,020,000 hp).[7] The dam generates electricity for all the large cities in Nigeria.[8] Some of the electricity is sold to the neighbouring country of Niger. In addition, occasional droughts have made the Niger's water flow unpredictable, diminishing the dam's electrical output.[9]

Lock

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The dam has a single-lock chamber capable of lifting barges 49 metres (161 ft).

Discharge flooding

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In October 1998, in response to upstream flooding, a torrent of water was released from the dam, bursting the river banks. Nearly 60 villages were flooded. Domestic animals drowned and dikes as well as several farms were washed away. Dam officials were criticized for waiting too long before starting and then dumping too much water.[10]

Lake Kainji

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Kainji Lake measures about 135 kilometres (84 mi) long and about 30 kilometres (19 mi) at its widest point, and supports irrigation and a local fishing industry.[11] In 1999, uncoordinated opening of floodgates led to local flooding of about 60 villages.[12]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Niger Community Demands Renaming Of Zungeru Dam To Theirs, Lament Injustice In Retaining Current Name". Sahara Reporters. 2021-08-15. Retrieved 2022-02-23.
  2. ^ "Niger River - Hydrology, Basin, Delta | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  3. ^ Johnston, Louis; Williamson, Samuel H. (2023). "What Was the U.S. GDP Then?". MeasuringWorth. Retrieved November 30, 2023. United States Gross Domestic Product deflator figures follow the MeasuringWorth series.
  4. ^ "Sarafinchin / Kainji and Jebba Dams, Niger River, Nigeria". Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  5. ^ Simwa, Adrianna (2018-05-04). "Kainji Dam: interesting facts about the biggest dam in Nigeria". Legit.ng - Nigeria news. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  6. ^ "An inside look at Kainji Dam". Daily Trust Online. Archived from the original on October 14, 2012. Retrieved July 21, 2012.
  7. ^ "An inside look at Kainji Dam". Daily Trust Online. Archived from the original on October 14, 2012. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  8. ^ "Construction of the Kainji Dam and Lake". Environment & Society Portal. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  9. ^ Guardian, The (2017-03-29). "Upgrading Kainji dam and improving electricity". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. Retrieved 2023-07-20.
  10. ^ "The dam which brought disaster". 2009-07-26. Archived from the original on 2009-07-26. Retrieved 2020-02-07.
  11. ^ "Tajikistan to Export Electricity to Afghanistan". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved July 18, 2012.
  12. ^ "The dam which brought disaster". Archived from the original on 2009-07-26. Retrieved 2008-06-09.