Josiah O. Wolcott

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Josiah Oliver Wolcott (October 31, 1877 – November 11, 1938) was an American lawyer, politician and judge, from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a member of the Democratic Party, who served as Attorney General of Delaware, U.S. Senator from Delaware, and Chancellor of Delaware.

Josiah O. Wolcott
Chancellor of the Delaware Court of Chancery
In office
July 2, 1921 – November 11, 1938
Preceded byCharles M. Curtis
Succeeded byW. W. Harrington
United States Senator
from Delaware
In office
March 4, 1917 – July 2, 1921
Preceded byHenry A. du Pont
Succeeded byT. Coleman du Pont
Attorney General of Delaware
In office
January 1913 – January 1917
GovernorCharles R. Miller
Preceded byAndrew C. Gray
Succeeded byDavid J. Reinhardt
Personal details
Born
Josiah Oliver Wolcott

(1877-10-31)October 31, 1877
Dover, Delaware, U.S.
DiedNovember 11, 1938(1938-11-11) (aged 61)
Dover, Delaware, U.S.
Political partyDemocratic
Residence(s)Dover, Delaware, U.S.
EducationWesleyan University (PhB)[1]

Early life and family

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Wolcott was born in Dover, Delaware, attended the Wilmington Conference Academy, now Wesley College, at Dover, and graduated from Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut. He was admitted to the Delaware Bar in 1904 and began the practice of law at Wilmington, Delaware.

Professional and political career

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Wolcott was Deputy Delaware Attorney General from 1909 until 1913, elected Delaware Attorney General in 1912 and served from January 21, 1913, until January 16, 1917.

In the first popular election of a U.S. Senator in Delaware, he was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1916, defeating incumbent Republican U.S. Senator Henry A. du Pont. During this term, Wolcott served with the Democratic majority in the 65th Congress, but was in the minority in the 66th and 67th Congress. In the 65th Congress he was Chairman of the Committee on Expenditures in the Department of Commerce. Between 1918 and 1919, he served on the Overman Committee, investigating seditious German and Bolshevik activities. In all, he served from March 4, 1917, to July 2, 1921, during the administrations of U.S. presidents Woodrow Wilson and Warren G. Harding.

Wolcott was the senate sponsor of legislation to create a federal charter for the American Legion. The House co-sponsor was Rep. Royal Johnson of South Dakota. The bill was filed on June 27, 1919, passed the House on August 27, passed the Senate on September 5 and was signed by President Wilson on September 16, 1919.[2]

On July 2, 1921, Wolcott resigned from the U.S. Senate to accept a surprising appointment from Republican Governor William D. Denney to become Chancellor of the Delaware Court of Chancery. The appointment came to be known as the "deal" or the "dirty deal", and many suspected T. Coleman du Pont organized it in order to gain the U.S. Senate seat for himself and the Republican Party. Wolcott served as Chancellor for the remainder of his life.

Death and legacy

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Wolcott died at Dover and is buried there in the Lakeside Methodist Episcopal Cemetery.

According to Henry R. Horsey and William Duffy in their article on the Delaware Court system, Wolcott distinguished himself as Chancellor and they continued: Chancellery "Judge Pearson later recalled the spartan 'office' of Chancellor Wolcott, consisting of a small desk and gooseneck lamp, in the stacks of the State Law Library in Dover. There Wolcott worked without a secretary, writing his opinions in longhand. Pearson attributed Wolcott's conduct to his determination to ask for nothing. It was during Wolcott's tenure that Delaware's Court of Chancery gained the high regard and respect of lawyers and corporate boards throughout the country. It was Wolcott's judicial wisdom and judgment that first attracted lawyers and litigants from around the nation to Delaware as a preferred forum for litigation."

Every year, five students in their final year at Delaware Law School earn the Josiah Oliver Wolcott Fellowship. Wolcott fellows work as judicial law clerks for the Supreme Court of Delaware.

Almanac

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Elections are held the first Tuesday after November 1. U.S. Senators are popularly elected and took office March 4 for a six-year term.

Public offices
Office Type Location Began office Ended office Notes
Attorney General Executive Dover January 21, 1913 January 16, 1917 Delaware
U.S. Senator Legislative Washington March 4, 1917 July 2, 1921 resigned
Chancellor Judiciary Dover July 2, 1921 November 11, 1938 State Chancery Court
United States Congressional service
Dates Congress Chamber Majority President Committees Class/District
1917–1919 65th U.S. Senate Democratic Woodrow Wilson class 1
1919–1921 66th U.S. Senate Republican Woodrow Wilson class 1
1921–1923 67th U.S. Senate Republican Warren G. Harding class 1
Election results
Year Office Subject Party Votes % Opponent Party Votes %
1916 U.S. Senator Josiah O. Wolcott Democratic 25,434 50% Henry A. du Pont
Hiram R. Burton
Republican
Independent
22,925
2,361
46%
5%

References

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  1. ^ Case and Comment, Volume 23 (1917)
  2. ^ Marquis James. A History of the American Legion (1923), p. 71.
  • Carter, Richard B. (2001). Clearing New Ground, The Life of John G. Townsend, Jr. Wilmington, Delaware: The Delaware Heritage Press. ISBN 0-924117-20-6.
  • Hoffecker, Carol E. (2004). Democracy in Delaware. Wilmington, Delaware: Cedar Tree Books. ISBN 1-892142-23-6.
  • Munroe, John A. (1993). History of Delaware. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press. ISBN 0-87413-493-5.

Images

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Party political offices
First Democratic Party nominee for United States Senator (class 1) from Delaware
1916
Succeeded by
Legal offices
Preceded by Attorney General of Delaware
1913–1917
Succeeded by
U.S. Senate
Preceded by U.S. Senator (Class 1) from Delaware
1917-1921
Served alongside: Willard Saulsbury Jr., L. Heisler Ball
Succeeded by