A Brown truss is a type of bridge truss, used in covered bridges. It is noted for its economical use of materials and is named after the inventor, Josiah Brown Jr., of Buffalo, New York, who patented it July 7, 1857, as US patent 17,722.[1][2][3]

Brown Truss bridge
Interior structure of a covered bridge utilizing a Brown Truss structure. Diagram, white members are tension elements and may not be present
Interior structure of a covered bridge utilizing a Brown Truss structure. Diagram, white members are tension elements and may not be present
AncestorTruss bridge, Kings Post Bridge
RelatedNone
DescendantNone
CarriesPedestrians, livestock, vehicles
Span rangeMedium
Materialwood planks
MovableNo
Design effortmedium

Description

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The Brown truss is a box truss that is a through truss (as contrasted with a deck truss) and consists of diagonal cross compression members connected to horizontal top and bottom stringers.[4] There may be vertical or almost vertical tension members (the diagram shows these members, while the patent application diagram does not) but there are no vertical members in compression. In practice, when used in a covered bridge, the most common application, the truss is protected with outside sheathing.

The floor and roof are also trusses, but are horizontal and serve to give the truss rigidity. The bottoms of the diagonals tend to protrude below the sheathing. The Brown truss is noted for economy of materials as it can be built with very little metal.[5]

Patent

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Patent drawing for US Patent 17,722

Brown's patent claims did not actually address the economy afforded by lack of vertical members ("braces"). Instead he focused on the improved strength over previous trusses that had members ("braces" in his terminology) come to the horizontal chord near to each other but not exactly together (at "gains" in his terminology), by having several members come together in the same place. From the patent text:

I do not claim broadly furnishing the main or counter braces with gains and passing them between the timbers of the chords;

What I do claim as my invention, and desire to secure by letters Patent, is— Providing each of the main and counter braces with two gains at top and bottom, and each of the timbers of the chord with a gain at the point where the braces are applied corresponding with the gains in the braces, and the braces thus formed up between the timber, with the gains of the braces in such relation to the gains of the timbers that when the timbers of the chords are brought together they are combined and become, as it were, only one piece, no part of which can be operated upon or affected independently of the other by the downward and upward thrusts common to truss bridges, even if the bolt which passes laterally through and intersects each set of braces and the timbers of the chord were removed.[6]

History

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The Brown truss enjoyed a brief period of favor in the 1860s, and is known to have been used in four covered bridges in Michigan, the Ada Covered Bridge, the Fallasburg Bridge, Whites Bridge and one other. The design did not appear to gain wide acceptance as modern bridges tend to be Howe, Pratt, bowstring or Warren trusses.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "White's Covered Bridge page". West Michigan Tourist Association. Archived from the original on April 28, 2007. Retrieved December 27, 2006.
  2. ^ ""TBUSS-BEIDGE JO SI AH BROWN" (sic)". Google Patent Search. Retrieved December 28, 2006.
  3. ^ "Patent 17,722". Full-Text and Image Database. US Patent Office. Archived from the original on December 20, 2016. Retrieved December 28, 2006.
  4. ^ "Ada Covered Bridge marker detail page". Michigan historical markers. Michigan.org. Archived from the original on 2006-09-28. Retrieved October 9, 2006.
  5. ^ "Whites Bridge marker detail page". Michigan historical markers. Michigan.org. Archived from the original on 2008-02-14. Retrieved December 22, 2006.
  6. ^ ""TBUSS-BEIDGE JO SI AH BROWN" (sic)". Google Patents. p. 2. Retrieved December 28, 2006. OCRed and hand corrected to match image.