José Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnación de Espronceda y Delgado (25 March 1808 – 23 May 1842)[2] was a Romantic Spanish poet, one of the most representative authors of the 19th century.[3] He was influenced by Eugenio de Ochoa, Federico Madrazo, Alfred Tennyson, Richard Chenevix Trench and Diego de Alvear.[4]
José de Espronceda | |
|---|---|
.jpg) El escritor José de Espronceda, portrait by Antonio María Esquivel (c.1845) (Museo del Prado, Madrid)[1] | |
| Born | José Ignacio Javier Oriol Encarnación de Espronceda y Delgado 25 March 1808 Almendralejo, Province of Badajoz, Extremadura, Spain |
| Died | 23 May 1842 (aged 34) Madrid, Spain |
| Resting place | Cementerio de San Justo |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Occupation(s) | Poet, writer and journalist |
| Movement | Romanticism |
| Children | Blanca Espronceda de Escosura (1834–1900) |
| Father | Camilo de Espronceda |
Life
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Espronceda was born in Almendralejo, at the Province of Badajoz.[5] As a youth, he studied at the Colegio San Mateo at Madrid, having Alberto Lista as a teacher. When he was 15 years old, he formed a secret society named "Los Numantinos" alongside his friends Ventura de la Vega and Patricio de la Escosura, conspiring against Ferdinand VII and intending to avenge the death of Rafael del Riego. For this, he was imprisoned in a monastery and exiled.[6] Afterward, he left Spain and lived in Lisbon, Belgium, France, England and Holland. On his return to Spain in 1833, he became active in the extreme left-wing of Spanish political culture. Espronceda is also known for his affair with Teresa Mancha, for whom he wrote "Canto a Teresa" (from El diablo mundo). He died of diphtheria in 1842.
In 1902, his body was moved to Panteón de Hombres Ilustres, Spain.[7]
Literary production
editHaving been inspired to a literary career by his teacher Alberto Lista, Espronceda began to write the historical poem El Pelayo during his stay in the monastery. The poem was never completed. Later he wrote the novel Sancho Saldaña. His other important works include El estudiante de Salamanca, whose main character is Don Félix de Montemar, El mendigo, ¡Guerra!, Al dos de mayo and El diablo mundo,[3] long lyric poems, the latter remained unfinished. Also important were A Jarifa en una orgía, El verdugo,[3] El canto del cosaco, La canción del pirata[3] and Himno al sol. Many of his works display the tendencies of Romanticism, and along with José Zorrilla he is considered Spain's most important Romantic poet, as well as the most rebellious.[citation needed] In 2006 Diego Martinez Torron has published the first annotated edition of the complete works of José de Espronceda with unpublished text, and with also unpublished text in El otro Espronceda.[8][9]
References
edit- ^ "El escritor José de Espronceda". Museo del Prado (in Spanish). Madrid. Retrieved 27 March 2013.
- ^ Navas-Ruiz, Ricardo. "José de Espronceda y Delgado". Diccionario biográfico España (in Spanish). Real Academia de la Historia.
- ^ a b c d Espín Templado, María del Pilar. "Presentación". Cervantes Virtual (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ^ Espín Templado, María del Pilar. "Amistades de José de Espronceda". Cervantes Virtual (in Spanish). Retrieved 16 December 2017.
- ^ Cortón, Antonio (1906). Espronceda (PDF). Madrid: Casa Editorial Velásquez. p. 8.
- ^ Schmidt, Frederick W. Jr. (2002). Littel, McDougal (ed.). Abriendo puertas: Antologia de literatura en espanol. Vol. 1. Houghton Mifflin School. ISBN 9780618272600.
- ^ Espín Templado, María del Pilar. Biografía de Jose de Espronceda.
- ^ José de Espronceda, Obras completas, edicion de Diego Martinez Torron, Madrid, Cátedra, 2006 (Bibliotheca Áurea).
- ^ El otro Espronceda, edicion de Diego Martinez Torron, Sevilla, Alfar, 2016, (Alfar Universidad, 215)
Bibliography
edit- Marrast, Robert (1974). José de Espronceda et son temps. Littérature, societé, politique au temps du romantisme. Paris: Editions Klincksieck.
- "De Gibraltar a Lisboa, viaje histórico". El Pensamiento. LXXII (8). Biblioteca de Autores Españoles: 174–177. 31 August 1841.
- "Un recuerdo". El Pensamiento. LXXII (3). Biblioteca de Autores Españoles: 60–64. 15 June 1841.
- "Política general". El Pensamiento. LXXII (1). Biblioteca de Autores Españoles: 12–15. 15 May 1841.
- de la Escosura, Patricio (1879). Discurso...Madrid. p. 79.
- Casalduero, Joaquín (1967). Espronceda (2nd ed.). Madrid.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Zorrilla, José (1882–1883). Recuerdos del tiempo viejo. Vol. I. Madrid. pp. 46–50.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - Geoffrey Brereton, Quelques précisions sur les sources d'Espronceda (Paris, 1933)
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 775.
External links
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- Works by José de Espronceda at Project Gutenberg
- Works by or about José de Espronceda at the Internet Archive
- Works by José de Espronceda at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)
