Office of Defense Cooperation Turkey
The Office of Defense Cooperation Turkey (ODC-T, Turkish: ABD Savunma İşbirliği Ofisi) to Turkey is a United States Security Assistance Organization (SAO) to Turkey. It was established in 1947 as the Joint American Military Mission for Aid to Turkey (JAMMAT), and renamed the Joint United States Military Mission for Aid to Turkey (JUSMMAT) in 1958. It became the ODC-T in 1994. After Turkey joined NATO in 1952, JAMMAT became the largest of the United States European Commands (USEUCOM).
| Office of Defense Cooperation Turkey | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Active | 1947 – |
| Country | United States |
| Type | Security Assistance Organization |
| Headquarters | Bakanlıklar, Ankara, Turkey[1] |
| Nickname(s) | ODC-T |
History
editAfter the British government declared on 21 February 1947 its inability to provide financial aid (though she would establish the Central Treaty Organization a decade later), Turkey turned towards the United States, who drew up the Truman Doctrine, pledging to "support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures".[2] $100 million was appropriated two months after the US Congress ratified the Truman Doctrine on 12 March 1947. This figure was raised to $233 million by 1950, after Turkey contributed a brigade of about 5000 men to the United Nations forces in the Korean War.[3] In August 1947, the American Military Mission for Aid to Turkey (AMMAT) was established in Ankara under the authority of the US ambassador.
On 5 October 1947, a delegation of senior Turkish military officials traveled to the United States to establish the military framework of the co-operation agreement.[4][5]
By October 1949 the mission had received the title the Joint American Military Mission for Aid to Turkey (JAMMAT).[6]
After joining the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on 18 February 1952,[7] Turkey signed a Military Facilities Agreement on 23 June 1954, paving the way for a large scale US military presence. With a staff of 1200 by 1959,[8] JAMMAT was the largest of the United States European Commands (USEUCOM), and also the world's largest military assistance and advisory group by 1951.[9] JAMMAT was renamed to Joint United States Military Mission for Aid to Turkey (JUSMMAT) in 1958, and the Office of Defense Cooperation Turkey (ODC-T) (Turkish: ABD Savunma İşbirliği Ofisi) on 1 May 1994.[10][11]
References
edit- ^ US Embassy Turkey, Office of Defense Cooperation ODC-Turkey Mission Archived 19 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Merrill, Dennis (2006). "The Truman Doctrine: Containing Communism and Modernity". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 36 (1): 27–37. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5705.2006.00284.x.
- ^ Karpat, Kemal H (2004). Studies on Turkish Politics and Society. Netherlands: Brill. p. 39. ISBN 90-04-13322-4.
- ^ Ecevit Kılıç, Özel Harp Dairesi: Türkiye'nin Gizli Tarihi, quoted in Basri, Aysu (16 February 2008). "Özel Harp Dairesi". Magazin. Kıbrıs Gazetesi (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 10 August 2009. Retrieved 22 December 2008.
5 Ekim 1947'de Genel Kurmay Başkanı Orgeneral Salih Omurtak başkanlığındaki heyet de Amerika'ya gitti. Bu bir ilkti.
Bu ziyaretten sonra çok önemli bir uygulama başladı; Türk subaylarının Amerika'ya gönderilip, komünistlere karşı gerilla eğitimi alması... - ^ Directorate General of Press and Information (5 October 1947). "Ekim 1947". Ayın Tarihi. Office of the Prime Minister. Archived from the original on 5 December 2008. Retrieved 22 December 2008.
Genel Kurmay Başkanı Orgeneral Salih Omurtak'm Başkanlığında Korgeneral Zekî Doğan, Tuğgeneral Saim Önban, Tümgeneral Fevzi Uçaner, Tümamiral Necati Özdeniz. Tuğgeneral Rüştü Erdel-zin, Albay Hüseyin Ataman. Albay Tevfik Samurkaş, Albay Seyfi Turagay, Yarbay Seyfi Kurtbek, Binbaşı Tacettin Berin, Binbaşı Emin Dırvana. Binbaşı Cahit Tokgöz'den müteşekkil olan Türk Genel Kurmay Heyeti bugün saat 9.50 de özel bir uçakla Amerika'ya hareket etmiştir.
- ^ JCS 1704/28, approved October 11, 1949. Munson IV, “The Joint American Military Mission to Aid Turkey: Implementing the Truman Doctrine and Transforming U.S. Foreign Policy, 1947-1954,” 1.
- ^ "Greece and Turkey accede to NATO - 18 February 1952". NATO Media Library. 22 September 2007. Retrieved 17 October 2008.
- ^ Leiser, Gary (November 1987) [January 1986]. "HQ TUSLOG, a brief history". Office of History, TUSLOG HQ, USAFE.
- ^ Robey, Richard; Vordermark, Jeffrey (Winter 2003–2004). "Security assistance mission in the Republic of Turkey". Defense Institute of Security Assistance Management Journal. 26 (2). Retrieved 20 September 2008. (original PDF. 3.1MB)
- ^ Esendemir, Kutlu (18 July 2003). "Türkiye'de gizli bir Amerikan karargahı: ODC". Yeni Harman (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 14 July 2011.
- ^ Defunct ODC Turkey Web site (2002)
External links
edit- Benson, A Brief History of U.S. Forces in Turkey, 1947-1978
- Simon Duke, U.S. Military Forces and Installations in Europe, Oxford University Press for SIPRI, 1989
- Munson IV, Howard Adelbert (2012), THE JOINT AMERICAN MILITARY MISSION TO AID TURKEY: IMPLEMENTING THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE AND TRANSFORMING U.S. FOREIGN POLICY, 1947-1954
- Building For Peace: U.S. Army Engineers in Europe 1945-1991 (2007), Chapter 3, CEHO
- Joseph C. Satterthwaite (1972), "The Truman Doctrine: Turkey", Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol 401, May 1972
- Beginning of mission - https://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1947v05/d138