Japanese Cubans (Japanese: 日系キューバ人) are people of Japanese ancestry resident in Cuba.
日系キューバ人 Nikkeikyubajin Japonés Cubanos | |
|---|---|
| Total population | |
| 90 Japanese nationals 1,200 people of Japanese descent[1] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| Havana, Isla de la Juventud | |
| Languages | |
| Cuban Spanish, Japanese | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Japanese diaspora |
History
editThe Cuban government first sought to recruit Japanese workers into sugar plantations in the 1880s, but the Japanese government refused to give approval on the grounds of the terrible working conditions of Chinese workers in Cuba. Subsequently, the first recorded Japanese person to settle in Cuba was in 1903. The first larger group of arrivals came from Mexico between 1910 and 1916, which would set a pattern for later decades, who were fleeing violence during the Mexican Revolution.[2]
They established an agricultural society in Carmelina. Later in 1916, 262 Japanese arrived. Most decided to get a job by harvesting cane. But the conditions were very hard for the Japanese and some returned to Japan. Some made it to the Isle of Youth, where some families established fruit and vegetable farms. In 1926, immigration to Cuba slowed.
On December 9, 1941, after Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, President Batista declared war on Japan, along with its fascist allies. A few days later, on December 12, all Japanese descendants living in Cuba were declared "enemy aliens". Most Japanese Cubans were seized. As of 1943 a total of about 1,200 Japanese had immigrated to Cuba, including about 200 Okinawans. Later, Japanese ancestry were deported to the United States. Some found new jobs when they arrived. Some worked as cooks, servants and other forms of support. The prisoners were not released when the war ended. The last group was released in March 1946; over six months after Japan surrendered. After World War II, some left for Japan. Friendship between the two countries provided women to build a new community. During the 1959 revolution and the Cuban revolution, more nikkei left for Japan.
Contemporary situation
editIn 2008, the Japanese government conferred the Order of the Rising Sun with gold and silver rays on Francisco Shinichi Miyasaka Machida in recognition of his contribution to the welfare of the descendants of Japanese emigrants in Cuba.[3]
In 2019, there were an estimated 1,200 Japanese descendants living in Cuba.[1]
References
edit- ^ a b "キューバ共和国基礎データ" (in Japanese). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
- ^ Masterson, Daniel M.; Funada-Classen, Sayaka (2004). The Japanese in Latin America. University of Illinois Press. p. 109. ISBN 0252071441. Retrieved 23 July 2019.
- ^ "2008 Autumn Conferment of Decorations on Foreign Nationals" (PDF). Ministry of Foreign Affairs. November 2008. Retrieved 23 July 2019.