James Ewing of Strathleven MP FRSE LLD (1775–1853) was Lord Provost of Glasgow (1832–1833), and MP for Glasgow (1832–1835), a plantation owner, slave-holder and West Indies merchant.
Ewing, James, of Strathleven | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Member of Parliament for Glasgow | |
| In office 1832–1835 | |
| Preceded by | New constituency |
| Succeeded by | Colin Dunlop James Oswald |
| Lord Provost of Glasgow | |
| In office 1832–1833 | |
| Preceded by | Robert Dalglish |
| Succeeded by | Robert Grahame |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 5 or 7 December 1775 Glasgow, Scotland |
| Died | 29 November 1853 |
| Spouse | Jane Tucker Crawford |
| Alma mater | Old College |
Family and early life
editEwing was born in Glasgow on 5[1] or 7[2] December 1775, son of West Indies merchant and bankruptcy specialist Walter Ewing and his wife Margaret, née Fisher.[1] Walter Ewing assumed the additional surname Maclae on inheriting the Cathkin estate from his uncle Walter Maclae in 1790. After Walter Ewing Maclae's death in 1814, James Ewing's older brother, a slave holder and plantation owner in Jamaica, was known as Humphrey Ewing Maclae.[3] Ewing's cousin through his mother was prominent abolitionist Rev. Ralph Wardlaw.[1]
Ewing was educated at the high school in Glasgow and was apparently an 'exceptional student'. After matriculating at Old College (now the University of Glasgow) at the age of eleven, he studied Latin, Greek and philosophy.[1]
West India and East India connections
editDuring the 1790s Ewing went into business with his father, but around 1803 established the West India trading firm James Ewing & Co with partner William Mathieson.[4][5] Ewing was instrumental in the 1807 establishment of the pro-slavery lobbying group the Glasgow West India Association. He served as secretary, chairman and director of the Association at various times.[1] Ewing was a plantation owner and slave holder in Jamaica, receiving considerable compensation under the Slave Compensation Act 1837 in both his position as slave holder as well as an assignee and creditor of other plantation owners.[2] He was also a shipping agent to the West Indies during the 1820s.[1]
Ewing was the author of pamphlets criticising the monopoly of the East India Company, and in addition to his West Indian interests became an East India merchant.[1]
Glasgow life
editEwing was involved in the creation of the Glasgow Savings Bank, the Glasgow Bank, and the opening of the Glasgow Necropolis. He wrote a number of reports about city institutions, including a report in 1818 to the hospital directors on the management of the city's poor. Following this he advocated for the building of a new prison.[1]
Ewing was twice elected Dean of Guild of the Merchants' House, was Lord Provost of Glasgow (1831–1833), and was elected MP for Glasgow in 1832, which led to his denouncement in the Reformer's Gazette as an "absolute proprietor of numerous 'gangs' … of Slaves in the Colonies". He lost the seat in 1835.[1][6]
Honours
editEwing was awarded an honorary LLD by the University of Glasgow in 1826.[7] In March 1829, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.[7]
Artistic recognition
editHe was portrayed by John Graham Gilbert RSA.[8] The location of the portrait is not known.
Property
editEwing lived in Crawford mansion on Queen Street in Glasgow for many years. The house was famous for its rookery, and Ewing consequently became known as Craw Ewing.[9] In 1824 Ewing built Castle House in Dunoon, which he subsequently sold.[1] In 1830 Ewing purchased the Levenside estate in Glasgow for £100,000, renamed it Strathleven, and subsequently built Strathleven House there.[10]
Marriage
editIn 1836 Ewing married Jane Tucker Crawford (1812/3–1896). Jane was the daughter of James Crawford of Broadfield, Renfrew, who was also a Scottish merchant.[1]
Death and legacy
editEwing died at home in Glasgow on 29 November 1853, and was buried in the Necropolis.[1]
In 1827, Ewing had presented the University of Glasgow with £100 to establish the Ewing Gold Medal which is still awarded annually for historical essays, alternately in Medieval and Modern History.[11]
The ONDB regards Ewing as "among the most financially successful of the city's élite nineteenth-century sugar/slavery aristocracy". His bequests included £17,500 to the Free Church of Scotland, £10,000 to the Royal Infirmary, and £31,000 to the Merchants House to support the dependents of 'decayed Glasgow merchants'. A part of this latter bequest was used to establish a bursary in his name at the University of Glasgow. As Ewing died without issue, his wife inherited a life interest in the estate of Strathleven, after which it passed to his nephew Humphrey Ewing Crum (1802–1887), who assumed the name of Ewing. Ownership of Ewing's properties in Jamaica remained within the family in Scotland.[1]
Not MP for Wareham
editEwing is often confused with James Ewing (1784–1852), East India Company official and MP for Wareham.
Writing
edit- Memoir of James Ewing Esq., of Strathleven, formerly Lord Provost of Glasgow, and M.P. for that city, LL. D. of the University of Glasgow: with a series of letters written while on a tour in Italy, Switzerland, by Macintosh Mackay, Published by James Maclehose, 1866, Glasgow
- View of the history, constitution, & funds of the Guildry, and Merchants House of Glasgow, by James Ewing, published 1817 by an unknown publisher.
References
edit- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Mullen, Stephen (2016). "Ewing, James (1775–1853), West India merchant, slave owner, and civic leader". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/53100. Retrieved 7 October 2020. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ a b "James Ewing: Summary of Individual | Legacies of British Slave-ownership". www.ucl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 10 November 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- ^ "Humphrey Ewing Maclae: Summary of Individual | Legacies of British Slave-ownership". www.ucl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 30 November 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- ^ "Details of Commercial Legacy | Legacies of British Slave-ownership". www.ucl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 22 July 2015. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- ^ "William Mathieson: Summary of Individual | Legacies of British Slave-ownership". www.ucl.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020.
- ^ "James Ewing of Strathleven (1775-1853) — Friends of Glasgow Necropolis". www.glasgownecropolis.org. Archived from the original on 22 September 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ^ a b "University of Glasgow :: Story :: Biography of James Ewing". www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ^ Illustrated Catalogue of the Exhibition of Portraits in the New Galleries of Art in Corporation Buildings
- ^ "TheGlasgowStory: James Ewing". www.theglasgowstory.com. Archived from the original on 13 October 2020. Retrieved 8 October 2020.
- ^ "Strathleven House Conservation Plan" (PDF). Scottish Historic Buildings Trust. April 1997. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 28 August 2013.
- ^ "University of Glasgow :: Story :: Prizes: Ewing Prizes". www.universitystory.gla.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 16 January 2021. Retrieved 8 October 2020.