The double "is", also known as the double copula, reduplicative copula, or Is-is,[1][2] is the usage of the word "is" twice in a row (repeated copulae) when only one is necessary. Double is appears largely in spoken English, as in this example:
- My point is, is that...
This construction is accepted by many English speakers in everyday speech, though some listeners interpret it as stumbling or hesitation,[3] and others as "annoying".[4]
Some prescriptive guides[5] do not accept this usage,[clarification needed] but do accept a circumstance where "is" appears twice in sequence when the subject happens to end with a copula; for example:
- What my point is is that...
In the latter sentence, "What my point is" is a dependent clause, and functions as the subject; the second "is" is the main verb of the sentence. In the former sentence, "My point" is a complete subject, and requires only one "is" as the main verb of the sentence. Another use of "is is" is, "All it is is a ..."
Some sources describe the usage after a dependent clause (the second example) as "non-standard" rather than generally correct.[6][7]
Copula other than "is"
editThe term double is, though commonly used to describe this practice, is somewhat inaccurate, since other forms of the word (such as "was" and "were") can be used in the same manner:
- The problem being, is that...[8]
According to the third edition of Fowler's Modern English Usage (as revised by Robert Burchfield), the double copula originated around 1971 in the United States and had spread to the United Kingdom by 1987.
Explanations
editThe "double is" has been explained as an intensifier[6] or as a way to keep the rhythm of the sentence.[7] Some commentators recommend against using it as a matter of style (not correctness of grammar, as long as it is not following an independent clause), because some people find it awkward.[6]
See also
edit- Zero copula, omission of the copula in some languages or styles
- Pro-drop languages such as Spanish, where subject pronouns are often dropped and implied in their copulas
References
edit- ^ Brenier, Jason; Coppock, Liz; Michaelis, Laura; Staum, Laura (2006), "ISIS: It's not a disfluency, but how do we know that?", Berkeley Linguistics Society 32nd Annual Meeting (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-05-03, retrieved 2012-10-18
- ^ Brenier, Jason M. and Laura A. Michaelis. 2005. Optimization via Syntactic Amalgam: Syntax-Prosody Mismatch and Copula Doubling. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 1: 45-88.
- ^ http://www.umanitoba.ca/linguistic_circle/e_journal/v2009_1Bakke.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ "Grammar Pet Peeves: Huffington Post Readers Pick 7 Really Annoying Language Blunders", The Huffington Post 11/04/2010
- ^ Ltd, Blair Arts. "The ODLT - the Online Dictionary of Language Terminology". www.odlt.org. Retrieved 2019-04-29.
- ^ a b c Fischer, Jordan (September 24, 2013). "The double is". The Noblesville Current. Archived from the original on March 5, 2016. Retrieved April 29, 2019.
- ^ a b Pelish, Alyssa (2013-09-17). "Are You a Double-Is-er?". Slate Magazine. Retrieved 2019-04-29.
- ^ Massam, Diane (1999), "Thing is constructions: the thing is, is what's the right analysis?", English Language and Linguistics, 3 (2), Cambridge University Press: 349, doi:10.1017/S136067439900026X, S2CID 122512296