Duttaphrynus stomaticus, also known as the Indian marbled toad, Punjab toad, Indus Valley toad, or marbled toad, is a species of toad found in Asia from eastern Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan to Nepal, extending into Peninsular India and Bangladesh.[1][2]
| Duttaphrynus stomaticus | |
|---|---|
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Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Bufonidae |
| Genus: | Duttaphrynus |
| Species: | D. stomaticus
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| Binomial name | |
| Duttaphrynus stomaticus (Lütken, 1864)
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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This toad lacks cranial crests and the space between the eyes is broader than the upper eyelid. The tympanum of the ear is two-thirds the diameter of the eye. The first and second fingers are nearly equal and there is a single sub-articular tubercle. A spiny ridge is found on the tarsus. There is a tibial gland and the parotoid is longer than broad. Three dark bands run transversely on the forearm. The underside is whitish with dark mottling on the throat.[3]
They are nocturnal, so during the day hide from predators under rocks or fallen leaves. They are monsoon breeders and lay their eggs in small ponds during rainy season.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b Matthias Stöck, Muhammad Sharif Khan, Theodore Papenfuss, Steven Anderson, Sergius Kuzmin, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Sushil Dutta, Annemarie Ohler, Saibal Sengupta, Kelum Manamendra-Arachchi, Anslem de Silva, Steven Anderson, Mozafar Sharifi (2009). "Duttaphrynus stomaticus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T54768A11201081. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009.RLTS.T54768A11201081.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ a b Frost, Darrel R (2019). "Duttaphrynus stomaticus (Lütken, 1864)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 29 September 2019.
- ^ Khan, MS (2002) Riparian Tadpoles of Punjab, Pakistan: Bufo stomaticus Lütkin, 1862. Bull. Chicago Herp. Soc. 37(12):216–219 PDF
- ^ Hussain, Saddam; Bukhari, Syed Mohsin; Javid, Arshad; Hussain, Ali; Rashid, Muhammad; Ali, Waqas (2020-07-02). "Molecular identification of genus Duttaphrynus from Punjab, Pakistan". Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 5 (3): 3218–3220. doi:10.1080/23802359.2020.1810143. ISSN 2380-2359. PMC 7782984. PMID 33458117.
External links
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