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Honorary citizenship is a status bestowed by a city or other government on a foreign or native individual whom it considers to be especially admirable or otherwise worthy of the distinction. The honour usually is symbolic and does not confer any change to citizenship or nationality.
North America
editCanada
editHonorary Canadian citizenship requires unanimous approval in both houses of Parliament. The only people to ever receive honorary Canadian citizenship are Raoul Wallenberg posthumously in 1985; Nelson Mandela in 2001; the 14th Dalai Lama Tenzin Gyatso in 2006; Aung San Suu Kyi in 2007 (revoked in 2018); Prince Karim Aga Khan in 2009; and Malala Yousafzai in 2014.
United States
editBy act of United States Congress and presidential assent, an individual may be named an honorary citizen of the United States. Since 1963, it has been awarded to only eight individuals.
Europe
editGermany
editIn Germany, Section 14 of the Nationality Act allows the Federal Minister of the Interior to naturalise any foreigner without any requirements, regardless of whether they live in Germany or not, if there are "ties to Germany that justify naturalisation".
Within the Federal States, honorary citizenship (Ehrenbürgerschaft) is the highest distinction that can be awarded to an individual by a municipality.[1] It is awarded by cities, towns, and sometimes federal states. The honorary citizenship is perpetual and persists after the death of the honoree, but can be revoked in exceptional cases by the council or parliament of the city, town, or state. In the case of war criminals, all such honours were taken away by "Article VIII, section II, letter i of the directive 38 of the Allied Control Council for Germany" on 12 October 1946.[citation needed]
Greece
editIn Greece, provisions are in place for the naturalization of foreigners residing in the country who have Greek national origin (expatriates/co-ethnics). Primarily, this applies to expatriates from Albania and those from the countries of the former USSR, under Articles 23 of Law 3838/2010 and 39 of Law 4606/2018, respectively. The Greek Nationality Code (Article 10) also allows for the naturalization of expatriates living abroad. Furthermore, the Code offers honorary naturalization (Article 13) for foreign nationals who have rendered special services to Greece or whose naturalization may serve the country's best interest. Such individuals can be granted Greek citizenship through a Presidential Decree, upon a justified proposal by the Minister of Interior. [2]
Ireland
editIn Ireland, honorary citizenship bestowed on a foreigner is full legal citizenship including the right to reside and vote.[3]
Russian Empire
editIn Russian Empire, honorary citizens constituted a social estate (sosloviye, sostoyaniye) which was a privileged subcategory of the estate of urban dwellers.[4]
San Marino
editOn March 29th 1861 the Captains Regent of the microstate of San Marino sent an offer of honorary citizenship to the sitting US president Abraham Lincoln. On May 7th 1861 Lincoln replied "I thank the Council of San Marino for the honor of citizenship they have conferred upon me. Although your dominion is small, your State is nevertheless one of the most honored, in all history." This was the beginning of US-San Marino diplomatic relations.[5]
Asia
editIsrael
editMembers of the Righteous Among the Nations may be conferred honorary Israeli citizenship by Yad Vashem, or commemorative citizenship if deceased. Those who choose to live in Israel are entitled to a pension, free health care, and assistance with housing and nursing care.
In 2010, legislation was passed by the Knesset to confer honorary Israeli citizenship to all members of the Israeli defense forces and paramilitary organizations that operated in Mandate Palestine who died between 29 November 1947 and 31 December 1948.[6]
Oceania
editAustralia
editIn Australia honorary citizenship is conferred by the Governor-General and as of 2024 has only been granted once.[7]
Examples
edit
- Berlin awarded Lucius D. Clay 1962 for his role as military governor and for creating the Berlin airlift[8] and Mikhail Gorbachev for his change in world politics that led to the fall of the Berlin Wall and the reunification of Germany.[9]
- In 2002 South Korea awarded honorary citizenship to Dutch football (soccer) coach Guus Hiddink who successfully and unexpectedly took the national team to the semi-finals of the 2002 FIFA World Cup. Honorary citizenship was also awarded to Hines Ward, an American football player of Korean and African-American descent, in 2006 for his efforts to minimize discrimination in Korea against half-Koreans.[10]
- To mark the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the first successful ascent of Everest the Nepalese government conferred honorary citizenship upon Edmund Hillary at a special Golden Jubilee celebration in Kathmandu, Nepal. He was the first foreign national to receive that honour.[11]
- At the end of their studies, all the students of the College of Europe are invited to the city hall by the mayor of Bruges to become honorary citizens of the city of Bruges.[12]
- In 2011, Lady Gaga received the title of honorary citizen of Sydney for her support of the LGBT+ community.[13]
- In April 2013, Raoul Wallenberg became the first person to be granted an honorary Australian citizenship.[14][7]
- In August 2013, French actor Gérard Depardieu received an honorary citizenship by Belgium.[15]
- In October 2013, Argentinian football coach José Pekerman received Colombian citizenship after he qualified Colombia to the 2014 FIFA World Cup, the first World Cup for the country after a 16-year hiatus.[16]
- On 12 April 2017, Malala Yousafzai of Pakistan was awarded honorary Canadian citizenship by PM Justin Trudeau for her work on providing education to girls in her hometown Swat during Taliban occupation.
- On 12 July 2017, Ariana Grande was made an honorary citizen of Manchester for her efforts to raise funds for victims of 22 May 2017 terrorist attack in Manchester Arena.[17]
- In August 2019, Guillermo Rodriguez, a security guard on Jimmy Kimmel Live, became an honorary citizen of Dildo, Newfoundland, Canada, after TV host Jimmy Kimmel ran for mayor.[18]
- On 7 October 2019, Afghanistan granted honorary Afghan citizenship to Japanese physician Tetsu Nakamura for his long-standing humanitarian work in the country.[19]
- On 9 June 2022, a House Resolution granted the title of honorary Brazilian citizen to British Formula 1 driver Lewis Hamilton.[20]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Ehrenbürger der Landeshauptstadt". Landeshauptstadt Saarbrücken (in German). 16 May 2022. Retrieved 3 August 2023.
- ^ Pathways to citizenship for third-country nationals in the EU Member States National Report: Greece (PDF) (Report). European Migration Network. 10 March 2024. Retrieved 10 March 2024.
- ^ "Irish Nationality and Citizenship Act, 1956 Section 12". Archived from the original on 10 February 2007.
- ^ . Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (in Russian). 1906.
- ^ "A Guide to the United States' History of Recognition, Diplomatic, and Consular Relations, by Country, since 1776: San Marino". history.state.gov. 27 October 2024. Retrieved 27 October 2024.
- ^ חוק הענקת אזרחות כבוד לחללי מלחמת הקוממיות, התש"ע-2010 (in Hebrew)
- ^ a b "Governor-General to confer Honorary Australian Citizenship" (Press release). Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia. 1 May 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
- ^ "Berliner Ehrenbürger: Lucius Dubignon Clay" [Berlin honorary citizen: Lucius Dubignon Clay]. Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin (in German). Retrieved 17 January 2016.
- ^ "Berliner Ehrenbürger: Michael Sergejewitsch Gorbatschow" [Berlin honorary citizen: Michael Sergejewitsch Gorbatschow]. Abgeordnetenhaus of Berlin (in German). Archived from the original on 4 March 2014. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
- ^ Notable Honorary Citizenship of Seoul
- ^ "Mountaineering Great Edmund Hillary passes away". The Rising Nepal. 12 January 2008. Archived from the original on 4 March 2008 – via gorkhapatra.org.np.
- ^ "Welcome to Bruges". College of Europe. Retrieved 16 October 2022.
- ^ "Lady Gaga gets honorary Sydney citizenship". ABC News. 11 July 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
- ^ "Holocaust hero named Australia's first honorary citizen". The Australian. 15 April 2013. Retrieved 6 May 2013.
- ^ "Gerard Depardieu throws house-warming barbecue in Belgium". BBC News. Retrieved 24 August 2013.
- ^ "Pékerman podrá tener la nacionalidad colombiana cuando quiera: Santos" [Pékerman will be able to have Colombian nationality whenever he wants: Santos]. Caracol Radio (in Spanish). 11 October 2013. Retrieved 13 October 2013.
- ^ Parveen, Nazia (12 July 2017). "Ariana Grande made honorary citizen of Manchester". The Guardian. Retrieved 26 June 2019.
- ^ "Jimmy Kimmel - Mayor of Dildo!", Jimmy Kimmel Live, archived from the original on 12 December 2021, retrieved 19 August 2019 – via YouTube
- ^ "Nakamura ishi ni meiyo shimin-ken Afugan seifu, kangai shien o hyōka" 中村医師に名誉市民権 アフガン政府、灌漑支援を評価 [Honorary citizenship granted to Dr. Nakamura Afghan government appreciates irrigation assistance]. The Nikkei (in Japanese). 10 October 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2019.
- ^ "Resolução da Câmara concede título de cidadão brasileiro ao piloto Lewis Hamilton" [Chamber resolution grants title of Brazilian citizen to pilot Lewis Hamilton]. camara br (in Portuguese). 9 June 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2022.
External links
edit
Media related to Honorary citizenship at Wikimedia Commons
