1988 Hong Kong legislative election

The 1988 Hong Kong Legislative Council election was an indirect election for members of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong (LegCo); was held on 22 September 1988. It was the second ever election of the Legislative Council in Hong Kong history based on the 1987 Review of Developments in Representative Government, as the Government's democratisation process according to the agreement of the Sino-British Joint Declaration. There were 12 members elected by Electoral Colleges, 14 members from functional constituencies.

1988 Hong Kong legislative election

← 1985 22 September 1988 1991 →

26 (of the 46) unofficial members to the Legislative Council
 
Leader Vincent Lo Martin Lee
Alliance Conservative Liberal
Leader's seat N/A Legal
Seats won 12 6
Seat change Steady Decrease1
Percentage 17.36% 51.36%

A total of 9,276 out of almost 17,000 registered votes turned out to return 13 candidates in 8 electoral college and 4 functional constituency seats while another 13 seats were returned unopposed. The liberal lobby suffered a major setback in the election as three of their outspoken leaders were defeated.[1]

Background

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In May 1987, the government published the Green Paper, 1987 Review of Developments in Representative Government, to consider the next phase of the development of the representative government in Hong Kong after the 1985 Hong Kong electoral reform. The option of the direct elections in 1988 was strongly opposed by the Government of the People's Republic of China. Pro-Beijing organs including the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce and the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions were mobilised to send opposing submissions to the Hong Kong government.[2] The Joint Committee on the Promotion of Democratic Government which was formed by pro-democracy activists including Legislative Councillors Martin Lee and Szeto Wah collected of 220,000 signatures demanding the direct elections.[3]

Pressured by the Beijing government, the Hong Kong government issued the White Paper in February 1988 indicated that there was a strong public desire for further development of government, but there was no clear consensus timing or the extent of the introduction of direct elections. The 1988 direct elections proposal was therefore turned down and postponed until 1991. Instead, the government added two new functional constituencies from 12 to 14 and reduced appointed members from 22 to 20. The voting method was also changed to the preferential elimination system.[4]

Composition

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The Financial constituency was enlarged into Financial and Accountancy constituency in which the electors of the Finance electoral division remained as the members of the Hong Kong Association of Banks entitled to vote at the general meetings of the Association and electors of the Accountancy electoral division were accountants registered by the Hong Kong Society of Accountants under the Professional Accountants Ordinance.[4]

The Medical constituency were enlarged into Medical and Health Care constituency in which the Medical electoral division was elected by the medical and dental practitioners registered or deemed to be registered under the Medical Registration Ordinance or Dentists Registration Ordinance. The Health Care electoral division were elected by nurses registered and enrolled under the Nurses Registration Ordinance, midwives registered under the Midwives Registration Ordinance, pharmacists registered under the Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance, and physiotherapists, occupational therapists, medical laboratory technologists, radiographers, and optometrists registered under the Supplementary Medical Profession Ordinance.[4]

Results

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The turnout rate for the functional constituencies was 54 percent compared with 57.6 percent in the last election in 1985. The liberal lobby suffered a major setback in the election as three of their outspoken leaders were defeated.[1]

In the functional constituency election, the conservative Group of 88 was forceful in lending its support to members Stephen Cheong Kam-chuen of the First Industrial (Federation of Hong Kong Industries) constituency and Veronica Wu who challenged Jimmy McGregor for the First Commercial (Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce) constituency. The Group persuaded Ian MacCallum and Philip Kwok Chi-kuen to quit in favour of Wu.[5] McGregor won over Wu by 478 to 236 votes in the end claiming "this is a victory for greater democracy." While in Medical constituency, Dr. Leong Che-hung, a liberal candidate, also ousted Executive Councilor Dr. Chiu Hin-kwong with 1,359 to 816 votes.[1]

In the electoral college elections, the liberal incumbents Conrad Lam Kui-shing was defeated by former district board chairman Michael Cheng Tak-kin in Wong Tai Sin and Desmond Lee Yu-tai defeated by Chan Ying-lun in Hong Kong Island East from the conservative faction.[5] Richard Lai Sung-lung of New Territories South was also defeated by Lam Wai-keung from rural background. Other unelected liberal candidates included Fred Li Wah-ming, Michael Lai Kam-cheung and Choy Kan-pui.[1]

Electoral College Constituencies

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Constituency Candidates Affiliation Votes
Urban Council Elsie Tu Uncontested
Regional Council Cheung Yan-lung PHKS 19
Tang Kwok-yung 13
Choy Kan-pui HKAS 8
East Island Chan Ying-lun PHKS 21
Desmond Lee Yu-tai Civic/ADPL 20
West Island So Chau Yim-ping Civic 18
Liu Lit-for PHKS 16
Joseph Chan Yuek-sut Civic 11
Kwun Tong Poon Chi-fai PHKS 21
Li Wah-ming Meeting Point 12
Wong Tai Sin Michael Cheng Tak-kin PHKS 16
Conrad Lam Kui-shing 13
Kowloon City Daniel Tse Chi-wai Uncontested
Sham Shui Po Chung Pui-lam PHKS Uncontested
South Kowloon Kingsley Sit Ho-yin PHKS 12
Ng Kin-sun PHKS 10
Clement Tao Kwok-lau 5
East New Territories Andrew Wong Wang-fat 30
Michael Lai Kam-cheung 25
West New Territories Tai Chin-wah 27
Man For-tai 18
South New Territories Lam Wai-keung 38
Yeung Fuk-kwong PHKS 31
Richard Lai Sung-lung ADPL 20
William Wan Hon-cheung PHKS 9

Functional Constituencies

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Constituency Candidates Affiliation Votes
First Commercial James David McGregor 478
Veronica Wu Shao-ching 236
Second Commercial Ho Sai-chu Uncontested
First Industrial Stephen Cheong Kam-chuen Uncontested
Second Industrial Ngai Shiu-kit Uncontested
Financial David Li Kwok-po Uncontested
Labour
(2 seats)
Pang Chun-hoi Uncontested
Tam Yiu-chung Uncontested
Social Services Hui Yin-fat Uncontested
Medical Edward Leong Che-hung 1,359
Chiu Hin-kwong 816
Teaching Szeto Wah Uncontested
Legal Martin Lee Chu-ming Uncontested
Engineering, Architectural,
Surveying and Planning
Cheng Hon-kwan Uncontested
Health Care Ronald Chow Mei-tak ADPL 2,866
Lam Po-wing 1,801
Wong Lung Heng-ling 609
Accountancy Peter Wong Hong-yuen 366
Peter Chan Po-fun 301
Fanny Lai Ip Po-ping 609

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d "Defeat for liberals in Legco poll". South China Morning Post. 23 September 1988.
  2. ^ Chan, Ming K.; Postiglione, Gerard A.; Sharpe, M.E. (1996). The Hong Kong Reader: Passage to Chinese Sovereignty. p. 15.
  3. ^ Scott, Ian (1989). Political Change and the Crisis of Legitimacy in Hong Kong. University of Hawaii Press. p. 292.
  4. ^ a b c The Hong Kong Government (1988). White Paper: The Development of Representative Government. Hong Kong: Government Printer.
  5. ^ a b Fong, Bernard (20 August 1988). "It's party time for Hongkong's politicians". South China Morning Post.