The turbopause, also called the homopause, marks the altitude in an atmosphere below which turbulent mixing dominates. Mathematically, it is defined as the point where the coefficient of Eddy diffusion is equal to the coefficient of molecular diffusion.[1] The region below the turbopause is known as the homosphere, where the atmosphere is well mixed for chemical species which have long mean residence times. Highly reactive chemicals tend to have variable concentration throughout the atmosphere, while unreactive species have more homogeneous concentrations. The region above the turbopause is the heterosphere, where molecular diffusion dominates and the chemical composition of the atmosphere varies according to chemical species and their atomic weight.
Earth's turbopause lies near the mesopause, at the intersection of the mesosphere and the thermosphere, at an altitude of roughly 90 km (56 mi).[2] Some other turbopauses in the Solar System that are known include Venus' turbopause at about 130–135 km (81–84 mi), Mars' at about 130 km (81 mi), Jupiter's at roughly 385 km (239 mi), and Titan's at around 800–850 km (500–530 mi).[3]
It was discovered by French scientists following the firing of two Véronique sounding rockets on 10 and 12 March 1959.[4]
References
edit- "The Atmosphere". web.haystack.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 8 November 2005.
- Specific
- ^ Atreya, Sushil K. (1986). "Vertical Mixing". In Atreya, Sushil K. (ed.). Atmospheres and Ionospheres of the Outer Planets and Their Satellites. Physics and Chemistry in Space. Vol. 15. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 66–79. doi:10.1007/978-3-642-71394-1_4. ISBN 9783642713941.
- ^ "turbopause". AMS Glossary (glossary.ametsoc.org). American Meteorological Society. Retrieved 2019-06-01.
- ^ Catling, David; Kasting, James (2017). Atmospheric Evolution on Inhabited and Lifeless Worlds?. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. ISBN 9780521844123.
- ^ Varnoteaux, Philippe. "Il y a 60 ans, Véronique AGI emmenait la France dans l'espace – PARTIE 1 : La campagne de tirs" (in French). Retrieved 2019-08-31.
