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Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry (/ˈhɒɡwɔːrts/) is a fictional boarding school of magic for students aged eleven to eighteen. It is the primary setting for the first six books in the Harry Potter series of novels by J. K. Rowling, and also serves as a major setting in the Wizarding World universe.[3]
Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry | |
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![]() Model of Hogwarts at Leavesden Studios | |
Universe | Wizarding World |
First appearance | Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (1997) |
In-universe information | |
Type | |
Founded | c. 9th/10th century |
Location | Scotland |
Owner | Ministry of Magic |
Purpose | Training for children with magical abilities[1] |
Motto |
History
Establishment
Founded around the 9th century and 10th century by Godric Gryffindor, Rowena Ravenclaw, Helga Hufflepuff and Salazar Slytherin, Hogwarts was established in the Highlands of Scotland to educate young wizards and witches as well as to keep students safe from Muggle persecution.[4] The school's location is kept secret from Muggles and from other wizarding schools.
Middle Ages
About 300 years after the school was founded, the Triwizard Tournament was established as a competition between three wizarding schools: Hogwarts, Beauxbatons and Durmstrang. The tournament continued for six centuries before being discontinued. It was revived during the 1994–1995 school year, but the death of Cedric Diggory at the end of the event resulted in its permanent discontinuation.[5]
Academics and traditions
Hogwarts is a coeducational, secondary boarding school, accepting children from ages eleven to eighteen.[6] Education at Hogwarts is not compulsory, with some students being home schooled as stated in the seventh book. Rowling initially said there are about one thousand students at Hogwarts.[7] She later suggested around six hundred, while acknowledging that this number was still inconsistent with the small number of people in Harry's year. She further explained that this had resulted from her creating only forty characters for Harry's year.[8]
Admission and arrival
According to Rowling, any child in Britain who shows magical ability is automatically admitted to Hogwarts.[9][1] The primary means of transportation to the school is the Hogwarts Express train, which students use at the start of each school year. When first-year students arrive at Hogwarts, they are assigned to a House by the Sorting Hat. The Hat is placed on the student's head, whereupon it examines their mind and assigns them to one of the four Houses based on their abilities, personality, and preferences.
Houses
Hogwarts has four Houses, each named after one of the founders of the school: Godric Gryffindor, Salazar Slytherin, Rowena Ravenclaw, and Helga Hufflepuff. Throughout the school year, the Houses compete for the House Cup, gaining and losing points based on actions such as performance in class and rule violations. The House with the highest end-of-year total wins and has its colours displayed in the Great Hall during the following school year. Each House also has its own Quidditch team that competes for the Quidditch Cup. Each House is under the authority of one of the Hogwarts staff members.
The translators of the books' foreign editions had difficulty translating the "house" concept; in countries where this system does not exist, no word could adequately convey the importance of belonging to a house, the loyalty owed to it, and the pride taken in prizes won by the house.[10]
Gryffindor
Gryffindor values courage, nerve and chivalry. Gryffindor's mascot is a lion, and its colours are red and gold. In the novels, the Head of Gryffindor House is Minerva McGonagall and the house ghost is Nearly Headless Nick. According to Rowling, Gryffindor corresponds roughly to the element of fire.[11] The founder of the house is Godric Gryffindor. The Gryffindor common room is in one of the castle's highest towers, and its entrance is guarded by a painting of The Fat Lady. She permits entry only after being given the correct password.
Hufflepuff
Hufflepuff values hard work, patience, justice, and loyalty. Hufflepuff's mascot is a badger, and its colours are yellow and black. In the novels, the Head of Hufflepuff House is Pomona Sprout, and the house ghost is the Fat Friar. According to Rowling, Hufflepuff corresponds roughly to the element of earth.[11] The founder of the house is Helga Hufflepuff. The Hufflepuff common room is filled with yellow hangings and fat armchairs and it has little tunnels leading to the dormitories, all of which have perfectly round doors, like barrel tops.[12]
Ravenclaw
Ravenclaw values intelligence, learning, wisdom and wit.[13][14] The house mascot is an eagle in the novels and a raven in the Harry Potter and Fantastic Beasts films. The house colours are blue and bronze. In the novels, the Head of Ravenclaw House is Filius Flitwick, and the house ghost is the Grey Lady. According to Rowling, Ravenclaw corresponds roughly to the element of air.[11] The founder of the house is Rowena Ravenclaw. The dormitories are in Ravenclaw Tower, and students must solve a riddle to gain entry.
Slytherin
Slytherin values ambition, cunning, leadership, and resourcefulness; the Sorting Hat said, in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, that Slytherins will do anything to get their way. The house mascot of Slytherin is the serpent, and the house colours are green and silver. Throughout the series, until the seventh book, the Head of House is Professor Severus Snape. Then, after Snape becomes headmaster, the previous Head of House, Professor Horace Slughorn, comes out of retirement, re-assuming authority. The ghost of Slytherin house is the Bloody Baron.[15] According to Rowling, Slytherin corresponds roughly to the element of water.[11] The founder of this house is Salazar Slytherin.
The Slytherin dormitories and common room are reached by speaking a password to a patch of bare stone wall in the dungeons, which causes a hidden door to open. The Slytherin common room is a long, low, dungeon-style room, under the Hogwarts Lake, furnished with green lamps and carved armchairs. The room is described in the second book as having a greenish glow.
The Sorting Hat claims that blood purity is a factor in selecting Slytherins (first mentioned in the fifth book). There is no actual reason to believe that Muggle-born students aren't sorted there, as there are several examples of half-bloods in the house – such as Snape and Tom Riddle/Voldemort – and Harry himself was only excluded from the house at his own insistence. In Deathly Hallows, a group of Snatchers claim that "not many Mudbloods" are sorted into Slytherin.
When believing Harry to be dead and thinking that he has victory in his grasp, Voldemort proclaims his intention to abolish the other three houses and force all Hogwarts students into Slytherin. This design is foiled by his defeat and death, after which Slytherin becomes more diluted in its blood purity, no longer remaining the pure-blood bastion it once was.
Subjects and teachers
Being a school of magic, many subjects at Hogwarts differ from the studies of a typical school. Some subjects, such as History of magic, derive from non-wizard – or muggle – subjects, but many others, such as charms and apparition classes, are unique to the wizarding world. There are twelve named professors, each specialising in a single subject. Transfiguration, Defence Against the Dark Arts, Charms, Potions, Astronomy, History of magic, and Herbology are compulsory subjects for the first five years, as well as flying lessons. At the start of their third year, students are required to enroll in at least two additional subjects. The five choices are Arithmancy, Muggle Studies, Divination, Study of ancient runes and Care of Magical Creatures. According to J.K. Rowling, "very specialised subjects such as alchemy are sometimes offered in the final two years, if there is sufficient demand."[16]
At the end of their fifth year, students take the Ordinary Wizarding Level (O.W.L.) examinations for all subjects in which they are enrolled.[citation needed] Each examination consists of a written knowledge test and, where applicable, a practical demonstration of skills before a panel of proctors from the Ministry of Magic. Students who achieve a high enough O.W.L. grade in a particular subject may take its advanced course for the final two years, in preparation for the Nastily Exhausting Wizarding Tests (N.E.W.T.) given at the end of the seventh year.
Hogsmeade
On designated weekends, Hogwarts students in their third year or higher, with a signed permission slip, are permitted to walk to the nearby wizarding village of Hogsmeade, where they can relax and enjoy the pubs, restaurants and shops. Favourite places in Hogsmeade include Honeydukes Sweetshop, Zonko's Joke Shop, Gladrags Wizardwear, The Three Broomsticks, The Hog's Head, Madam Puddifoot's coffee shop, and the Shrieking Shack.
Student leadership
Each year, two fifth-year students from each House are selected as prefects. The position grants them certain privileges and the authority to give detentions for infractions. The leaders of the student body, the Head Boy and Head Girl, are chosen from among the seventh-year students.
Castle and grounds
J. K. Rowling says she visualises Hogwarts, in its entirety, to be:
A huge, rambling, quite scary-looking castle, with a jumble of towers and battlements. Like the Weasleys' house, it isn't a building that Muggles could build, because it is supported by magic.[1]
In the novels, Hogwarts is somewhere in Scotland[17] (the film Prisoner of Azkaban says that Dufftown is near). The school is depicted as having numerous charms and spells on and around it that make it impossible for a Muggle to locate it. Muggles cannot see the school; rather, they see only ruins and several warnings of danger.[18] The castle's setting is described as having extensive grounds with sloping lawns, flowerbeds and vegetable patches, a loch (called The Black Lake), a large dense forest (called the Forbidden Forest), several greenhouses and other outbuildings, and a full-size Quidditch pitch. There is also an owlery, which houses all the owls owned by the school and those owned by students. Some rooms in the school tend to "move around", and so do the stairs in the grand staircase.[19] Witches and wizards cannot Apparate or Disapparate in Hogwarts grounds, except when the Headmaster lifts the enchantment, whether only in certain areas or for the entire campus, so as to make the school less vulnerable when it serves the headmaster to allow Apparition.[20] Electricity and electronic devices are not found at Hogwarts. Hermione Granger indicates in Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire that due to the high levels of magic, "substitutes for magic (that) Muggles use" such as computers, radar and electricity "go haywire" around Hogwarts. Radios however, make an exception. Rowling explains this by saying that the radios are not powered by electricity but by magic.
Hogwarts is on the shore of a lake, sometimes called the Black Lake. In that lake are merpeople, Grindylows, and a giant squid. The giant squid does not attack humans and sometimes acts as a lifeguard when students are in the lake. The castle and its grounds are home to many secret areas as well as well-known and well-used places.
Hiding place of the Philosopher's Stone
Accessed by entering a trapdoor in the forbidden corridor on the third floor, and protected by a gauntlet of seven magical challenges set up by the teachers.
- A giant three-headed dog named Fluffy placed specially to guard the trapdoor by Hagrid.
- Devil's Snare, grown by Professor Sprout.
- A room containing dozens of keys, charmed by Flitwick to sprout wings and fly near the ceiling. One of these keys will unlock the door to the next section. In the film adaptation, the keys attack the seeker of the Stone.
- A large chessboard with an army of large chessmen, transfigured by McGonagall. To continue to the door on the opposite side, the person in question must beat the chessmen at a game of wizards' chess where the player must risk his life if he loses. Ron and Professor Quirrell are the only wizards to win the game of wizards' chess.
- A room with a large troll inside. This is Quirrell's challenge. In the book, Quirrell had knocked out his own troll to get to the last room and thus the trio did not have to fight it; in the film, it does not appear, but it appears in the PS1 and Game Boy Color version of the game.
- A series of potions, brewed by Snape. A logical riddle, not magic, has to be solved. There are two doors, blocked by fire. One potion will allow the person to exit the way he or she arrived, another will allow him or her to continue to the next chamber, two are nettle wine, and the other three are poison. This challenge does not appear in the film, but does in the video game adaptation.
- The Mirror of Erised can be found in the final chamber, further enchanted by Dumbledore to bestow the Philosopher's Stone upon a seeker only hoping to acquire the stone but not use it for selfish means.
Chamber of Secrets
The Chamber of Secrets, which is deep under the school (most likely under the lake),[21] was home to an ancient Basilisk, intended to be used to purge the school of Muggle-born students. Salazar Slytherin, one of the founders of Hogwarts, built the Chamber before he left the school.
The entrance to the Chamber is hidden in the second-floor girls' lavatory (haunted by Moaning Myrtle). One of the sink taps has a snake scratched into its side; when a command in Parseltongue is spoken, it opens to reveal the mouth of a dark, slimy chute, wide enough to slide down, that gives onto a stone tunnel. The tunnel leads to a solid wall, carved with two entwined serpents with emeralds for eyes.[21] At a command in Parseltongue, the wall opens to expose a long, dim corridor, lined with monumental statues of snakes, including two rows of towering stone pillars with more carved serpents that brace the ceiling. A colossal statue of Salazar Slytherin, looking ancient and monkey-like, is at the centre. The Basilisk rested inside the statue and emerged from its mouth when the Heir of Slytherin, Tom Riddle, summoned it.[22] In his second year at Hogwarts, Harry uses Parseltongue to open the chamber and destroys the diary containing the embodied memory of a 16-year-old Tom Riddle from his own days at Hogwarts and also slays the basilisk. It is later revealed that the diary was a Horcrux. In Deathly Hallows, Ron and Hermione enter the Chamber. Ron opens the door (despite not speaking Parseltongue) by imitating sounds he heard Harry use to open Slytherin's locket. They pull a basilisk fang from its skeleton to use to destroy the Horcrux made from Helga Hufflepuff's cup.
When Tom Riddle opened the Chamber, Myrtle was sulking in a stall after being teased by student Olive Hornby. She opened the door, intending to tell him to leave, but died immediately upon meeting the Basilisk's gaze and decided to become a ghost to get revenge on Hornby.[21] The bathroom remains operational, but is rarely used by students because of Myrtle's disagreeable presence and her habit of flooding it when she is distraught.
As shown in Deathly Hallows, the Chamber of Secrets does not appear on the Marauder's Map.
Passages
There are usually seven secret passages in and out of the school, and in addition, the series describes the use of twin vanishing cabinets to create another. The Room of Requirement may, on occasion, create an eighth passage out of the school. The only known instance of this occurring is a passage to the Hog's Head that forms in Deathly Hallows. Filch knows about four of the seven passages, while the Marauders (James Potter, Sirius Black, Remus Lupin and Peter Pettigrew) and the Weasley twins know of all seven. The three passages that Filch does not know about are:
- A passage beneath the Whomping Willow, leading to the Shrieking Shack.
- A passage behind a mirror, which is caved in. It leads to Hogsmeade, but it is not known exactly where.
- A passage beneath the one-eyed witch statue by the stairs to the Defence Against the Dark Arts classroom, leading to the cellar of Honeydukes.
Room of Requirement
The Room of Requirement appears only when someone needs it. To make it appear, one must walk past its hidden entrance three times while concentrating on what is needed. The room will then appear, outfitted with whatever is required. To the Hogwarts house-elves, it is also known as the Come and Go Room.
Harry learns of the room's abilities from Dobby in Order of the Phoenix, finding it the perfect location for his Dumbledore's Army meetings, during which it is filled with bookcases full of Defence Against the Dark Arts volumes, many different kinds of Dark Detectors, and a plethora of floor cushions for practising defensive spells. In Half-Blood Prince, Draco Malfoy uses the room to hide and repair a Vanishing Cabinet, which allows him to smuggle Death Eaters into Hogwarts.
In Deathly Hallows, the students who need a place to hide from the Carrows, two Death Eater professors, use the room. It is also revealed that the Room of Requirement's current version can change while still occupied, though should a completely different version be required (e.g. the Room of Hidden Things instead of DA Headquarters) the room must be empty. The Room can also answer to the desire of the wizard within the room, such as providing Harry with a whistle when he needed one during a Dumbledore's Army meeting, or creating a passage to the Hog's Head (as the room cannot produce food). Later, Ravenclaw's diadem is found to be one of Voldemort's Horcruxes and has been hidden in the Room of Hidden Things by Voldemort. Harry, Ron, and Hermione enter the Room, with Harry knowing that he must look for a place to hide things, and find the tiara; but they are ambushed by Draco, Crabbe and Goyle. The diadem is finally destroyed when Crabbe fills this version of the Room with what Hermione believes to have been Fiendfyre; a destructive magical fire. It is not known if the room continues to function after the events of Deathly Hallows; Ron expresses concern that it may have been ruined in all of its forms by the cursed fire.
Due to the Room of Requirement not being in a fixed location, it is one of the select locations in Hogwarts that does not appear on the Marauder's Map.
Forbidden Forest
The Forbidden Forest is a large, dark enchanted forest in the boundaries of the school grounds. It is usually referred to simply as "the Forest" and in the film series as the "Dark Forest". It is strictly forbidden to all students, except during Care of Magical Creatures lessons and, on rare occasions, detentions.
Among the plant species within the Forest are trees such as beech, oak, pine, sycamore, yew and knotgrass and thorn undergrowth. Though the Forest is vastly dense and wild, there are a few paths and clearings. Hagrid, who frequently travels into the Forest for various reasons, mostly makes these trails. The Forest is also home to an assortment of creatures, many of them dangerous.
In 2017, a Forbidden Forest expansion was added to the Warner Bros. Studio Tour London - The Making of Harry Potter, enabling fans to explore it for the first time.[23]
Hogwarts Express
The Hogwarts Express is a train that carries students from Platform 9¾ at King's Cross station in London to Hogsmeade Station, near Hogwarts. The train began operation in the 1850s. Before that, students reached Hogwarts on brooms or in enchanted carriages.[24] Several model train replicas have been made of the Hogwarts Express.[25][26]
The steam engine used in the film adaptations is the GWR 4900 Class 5972 Olton Hall, but it was not the first locomotive to be disguised as the Hogwarts Express. To promote the books, the Southern Railway locomotive 34027 Taw Valley was repainted and renamed temporarily, but was rejected by director Chris Columbus as looking 'too modern' for the film. Filming locations for the Hogwarts Express sequences include Goathland on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, Kings Cross railway station and the route of the Jacobite Express which follows the West Highland Line from Fort William to Mallaig in Scotland, as it crosses the Glenfinnan Viaduct.[27]
A completely functioning full-scale replica of the Hogwarts Express was created for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter's expansion at Universal Orlando Resort connecting King's Cross Station at the Diagon Alley expansion in Universal Studios Florida to the Hogsmeade station at Islands of Adventure,[28] manufactured by Doppelmayr Garaventa Group in the form of a funicular railway people mover.[29] The Hogwarts Express King's Cross Station features a wall between Platforms 9 and 10, where guests can "walk through" to get to Platform 9¾, as in the first film.
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The GWR 4900 Class 5972 Olton Hall, the steam engine used in the film series as the Hogwarts Express
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Crowds of people around 5972 in York, which had worked an enthusiast special from Manchester in June 2014
Creation for books and films
Rowling has suggested that she may have inadvertently taken the name from the hogwort plant (Croton capitatus), which she had seen at Kew Gardens some time before writing the series,[30] although the names "The Hogwarts" and "Hoggwart" appear in the 1954 Nigel Molesworth book How to Be Topp by Geoffrey Willans.[31][32] The name "Hogwart" also appears in the 1986 Labyrinth fantasy film.[33]
Most exterior scenes were shot on location at Alnwick Castle, but views of the exterior of the entire school were created from shots of Durham Cathedral with a digital spire added to the towers. Durham Cathedral also served as a set for Hogwarts interiors.
A scale model was created for exterior shots of the entire school. Models of Alnwick Castle and Durham Cathedral were also built to create more integration between the model and on location shots. It took a team of 86 artists and crew members 74 years worth of man hours to complete the model.[34]
Cultural impact
Hogwarts school was voted as the 36th-best Scottish educational establishment in a 2008 online ranking, outranking Edinburgh's Loretto School. According to a director of the Independent Schools Network Rankings, it was added to the schools listing "for fun" and was then voted on.[35]
In translation
Most translations keep the name 'Hogwarts', transcribing it if necessary. For example, in Arabic it is transcribed as هوغوورتس = Hūghwūrts, in Russian as Хогвартс = Khogvarts, in Japanese as ホグワーツ = Hoguwātsu, in Bengali as হগওয়ার্টস = Hogowarts, in Greek as Χόγκουαρτς = Hóguarts, and in simplified Chinese as 霍格沃茨 = Huògéwòcí.[36]
However, some translations translate or otherwise adapt the name: French Poudlard (lard = "bacon"),[36] Latvian Cūkkārpas shortened from cūka = "pig" + kārpas = "warts", Dutch Zweinstein modified from zwijnsteen = "pig rock",[36] Norwegian Bokmål Galtvort (galt = boar, vort = wart) (Nynorsk keeps "Hogwarts"), Finnish Tylypahka (pahka = "wart"), Hungarian Roxfort (playing with the name of Oxford in tribute to Harry Potter's home country),[36] Slovenian Bradavičarka (bradavice = "warts")), Czech Bradavice means simply "warts".[36] The Ancient Greek translation of the school is "Ὑογοήτου Παιδευτήριον τὸ τῆς Γοητείας καὶ Μαγείας", loosely translating to "Hogwizard's School of Wizardry and Magic", Ὑογοήτου replacing "Hogwarts" and derived from the ancient Greek words ὑo- (hog) and γοητής (wizard).
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Online chat transcript". Scholastic. 3 February 2000. Archived from the original on 13 April 2001.
- ^ Haas, Heather A. (15 April 2011). "The Wisdom of Wizards-and Muggles and Squibs: Proverb Use in the World of Harry Potter". The Journal of American Folklore. 124 (492): 29–54. doi:10.5406/jamerfolk.124.492.0029. ISSN 0021-8715. JSTOR 10.5406/jamerfolk.124.492.0029.
- ^ Steve Wohlberg (April 2005). Hour of the Witch: Harry Potter, Wicca Witchcraft, and the Bible. Destiny Image Publishers. pp. 31–. ISBN 978-0-7684-2279-5. Retrieved 31 July 2011.
- ^ "The origins of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry". Wizarding World. 10 December 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2021.
- ^ Harry Potter and the Cursed Child.
- ^ Riphouse, Acascias (2004). The Harry Potter Companion. United States of America: Virtualbookworm Publishing. p. 100. ISBN 1-58939-582-4.
- ^ "Transcript of J.K. Rowling's live interview on Scholastic.com". Scholastic. 16 October 2000. Archived from the original on 1 May 2001.
- ^ "The Leaky Cauldron and MuggleNet interview Joanne Kathleen Rowling: Part Two". MuggleNet. 16 July 2005. Archived from the original on 24 July 2005. Retrieved 20 June 2017.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. "F.A.Q. – About the Books". J. K. Rowling Official Site. Archived from the original on 28 August 2011. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
- ^ Judith Inggshttp (May 2003). "From Harry to Garri: Strategies for the Transfer of Culture and Ideology in Russian Translations of Two English Fantasy Stories". Meta: Translators' Journal. 48 (1–2 Traduction pour les enfants / Translation for children): 285–297. doi:10.7202/006975ar. S2CID 145173155.
- ^ a b c d Rowling, J.K. (10 August 2015). "Colours". Wizarding World. Retrieved 1 March 2022.
- ^ Melissa (30 July 2007). "J.K. Rowling Web Chat Transcript". The Leaky Cauldron. Retrieved 16 July 2011.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. (2003). Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix. Bloomsbury. ISBN 0747551006.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. (2007). Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. Bloomsbury. ISBN 1551929767.
- ^ The Leaky Cauldron and Mugglenet interview Joanne Kathleen Rowling: Part Three Archived 11 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine MuggleNet Retrieved on 2 September 2013
- ^ Rowling, J.K. "Hogwarts School Subjects". Pottermore. Retrieved 22 April 2012.
- ^ "Hogwarts ... Logically it had to be set in a secluded place, and pretty soon I settled on Scotland in my mind." Fraser, L., An interview with J.K.Rowling, Mammoth, London, 2000. ISBN 0-7497-4394-8. pp 20–21.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. (2000). "Aboard the Hogwart's Express". Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Bloomsbury. ISBN 074754624X.
- ^ Rowling, J.K. "How do you remember everything from different books when you are still writing the HP series?". J.K.Rowling.com. Archived from the original on 5 February 2012. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. (2000). "The Madness of Mr. Crouch". Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire. Bloomsbury. ISBN 074754624X.
- ^ a b c Chamber of Secrets, Chapter 16
- ^ Chamber of Secrets, Chapter 17
- ^ Maude, Belinda (31 March 2017). "Harry Potter fans can now visit the Forbidden Forest". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 13 August 2017.
- ^ Rowling, J. K. (10 August 2015). "The Hogwarts Express". Pottermore. Retrieved 3 September 2017.
- ^ "Harry PotterTM HogwartsTM Express O-Gauge (4-6-0 Conv. LOCO #5972)". Lionel. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
- ^ "Harry Potter Hogwarts Express G-Gauge Passenger Set (LOCO #5972)". Lionel. Retrieved 3 February 2016.
- ^ "Harry Potter Express". steamtrain.info. Archived from the original on 13 August 2008. Retrieved 2 September 2013.
- ^ MacDonald, Brady (9 May 2013). "What may come to Wizarding World of Harry Potter 2.0 at Universal Orlando". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
- ^ "Doppelmayr/Garaventa built the Hogwarts Express" (Press release). Doppelmayr Garaventa Group. 25 July 2014. Retrieved 6 September 2014.
- ^ Abel, Katy. "Harry Potter Author Works Her Magic". Family Education. Archived from the original on 10 May 2006.
- ^ LRB: Thomas Jones, Swete Lavender, lrb.co.uk, 17 February 2000
- ^ Independent: Potter's Magic School, The Independent, 22 September 2000
- ^ "Did J. K. Rowling Take Inspiration From 'Labyrinth' When Writing 'Harry Potter'?". Odyssey (publication). 15 October 2018. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
- ^ "ART DEPARTMENT". wbstudiotour.co.uk. Retrieved 25 November 2018.
- ^ Harry Potter School Outranks Loretto, The Scotsman
- ^ a b c d e "Harry Potter: What Is 'Hogwarts' In French? (& 9 Other Translations For The School)". Screen Rant. Retrieved 23 February 2021.
External links
- Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
- Hogwarts Castle on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
- The Harry Potter Lexicon's Hogwarts Atlas featuring numerous images of Hogwarts. hplex.info.
- The Marauder's Map from the Warner Bros website, harrypotter.warnerbros.co.uk