Jean Amédée Hoerni (September 26, 1924 – January 12, 1997) was a Swiss-born American engineer. He was a silicon transistor pioneer, and a member of the "traitorous eight". He developed the planar process, an important technology for reliably fabricating and manufacturing semiconductor devices, such as transistors and integrated circuits.
Jean Amédée Hoerni | |
|---|---|
| Born | September 26, 1924 |
| Died | January 12, 1997 (aged 72) Seattle, Washington, U.S. |
| Education | B.S., M.D. and PhD, University of Geneva PhD, University of Cambridge |
| Known for | Invention of planar process and PNP double diffused transistor[1] |
| Spouses |
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| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Electronic engineering Semiconductor |
| Institutions | Shockley Fairchild Amelco |
Biography
editHoerni was born on September 26, 1924, in Geneva, Switzerland.[2] He received his B.S. in Mathematics from the University of Geneva and two Ph.D.s in physics; one from the University of Geneva and the other from the University of Cambridge.[3]
In 1952, he moved to the United States to work at the California Institute of Technology, where he became acquainted with William Shockley, a physicist at Bell Labs who was intimately involved with the creation of the transistor.
A few years later, Shockley recruited Hoerni to work with him at the newly founded Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory division of Beckman Instruments in Mountain View, California. But Shockley's strange behavior compelled the so-called "traitorous eight" (Hoerni, Julius Blank, Victor Grinich, Eugene Kleiner, Jay Last, Gordon Moore, Robert Noyce and Sheldon Roberts) to leave his laboratory and create the Fairchild Semiconductor corporation.
In 1955 Carl Frosch and Lincoln Derrick discovered and patented surface passivation by silicon dioxide.[4][5] Frosch and Derrick were able to manufacture the first silicon dioxide field effect transistors, the first transistors in which drain and source were adjacent at the surface.[6] At Shockley Semiconductor, Shockley had circulated the preprint of their article in December 1956 to all his senior staff, including Jean Hoerni. Later, Hoerni attended a meeting where Atalla presented a paper about passivation based on the previous results at Bell Labs.[7]
The planar process was invented by Jean Hoerni, with his first patent filed in May 1959, while working at Fairchild Semiconductor.[8][9] The planar process was critical in the invention of Silicon Integrated circuit by Robert Noyce.[10] Noyce built on Hoerni's work with his conception of an integrated circuit, which added a layer of metal to the top of Hoerni's basic structure to connect different components, such as transistors, capacitors, or resistors, located on the same piece of silicon. The planar process provided a powerful way of implementing an integrated circuit that was superior to earlier conceptions of the device.[11] With Noyce, Jack Kilby from Texas Instruments is usually credited with the invention of the integrated circuit, but Kilby's IC was based on germanium. As it turns out, Silicon ICs have numerous advantages over germanium. The name "Silicon Valley" refers to this silicon.[12]
Along with the "traitorous eight" alumni Jay Last and Sheldon Roberts, Hoerni founded Amelco (known now as Teledyne) in 1961.
In 1964, he founded Union Carbide Electronics, and in 1967, he founded Intersil, where he became a pioneer of low-voltage CMOS-Integrated Circuits.
He was awarded the Edward Longstreth Medal from the Franklin Institute in 1969[13] and the McDowell Award in 1972.[2]
Hoerni died of myelofibrosis on January 12, 1997, in Seattle, Washington.[14][15] He was 72.
Personal life
editHe was married to Anne Marie Hoerni and had three children: Annie Blackwell, Susan Killham, and Michael Hoerni. He had one brother, Marc Hoerni.[15] His second marriage to Ruth Carmona also ended in divorce.[16] Hoerni married Jennifer Wilson in 1993.
Philanthropy
editAn avid mountain climber, Hoerni often visited the Karakoram Mountains in Pakistan and was moved by the poverty of the Balti mountain people who lived there. He contributed the lion's share, $30,000, to Greg Mortenson's project to build a school in the remote village of Korphe, and later founded the Central Asia Institute with an endowment of $1 million to continue providing services for them after his death.[17][18] Hoerni named Greg Mortenson as the first Executive Director of the organization, which continues to build schools in Pakistan and Afghanistan.[19]
In December 2007, an article was published by Michael Riordan on Hoerni and his planar process in IEEE Spectrum. The author claimed that Jay Last pointed out that Hoerni had incredible stamina and could hike for hours on little food or water.[14]
Patents
edit- 1962, U.S. Patent 3,025,589 A «Method of manufacturing semiconductor devices», assigned to Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corp.
- 1962, U.S. Patent 3,064,167 A «Semiconductor device», assigned to Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corp.
- 1963, U.S. Patent 3,108,914 A «Transistor manufacturing process», assigned to Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corp.
References
edit- ^ "Jean A. Hoerni | IEEE Computer Society". 29 March 2018.
- ^ a b "Jean A. Hoerni - 1972 W. Wallace McDowell Award Recipient". Archived from the original on 2012-10-11. Retrieved 2011-03-07.
- ^ Brock, David, C. (2006). Understanding Moore's Law: Four Decades of Innovation. Pittsford, New York: Castle Rock. p. 15. ISBN 0941901416.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Huff, Howard; Riordan, Michael (2007-09-01). "Frosch and Derick: Fifty Years Later (Foreword)". The Electrochemical Society Interface. 16 (3): 29. doi:10.1149/2.F02073IF. ISSN 1064-8208.
- ^ US2802760A, Lincoln, Derick & Frosch, Carl J., "Oxidation of semiconductive surfaces for controlled diffusion", issued 1957-08-13
- ^ Frosch, C. J.; Derick, L (1957). "Surface Protection and Selective Masking during Diffusion in Silicon". Journal of the Electrochemical Society. 104 (9): 547. doi:10.1149/1.2428650.
- ^ Lojek, Bo (2007). History of Semiconductor Engineering. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 120. ISBN 9783540342588.
- ^ US 3025589 Hoerni, J. A.: "Method of Manufacturing Semiconductor Devices” filed May 1, 1959
- ^ US 3064167 Hoerni, J. A.: "Semiconductor device" filed May 15, 1960
- ^ caltech.edu/570/2/Moore.pdf "The Accidental Entrepreneur"[permanent dead link], Gordon E. Moore, Engineering & Science, Summer 1994
- ^ Bassett, Ross Knox (2007). To the Digital Age: Research Labs, Start-up Companies, and the Rise of MOS Technology. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 46. ISBN 9780801886393.
- ^ "Jean Hoerni (American engineer)", Encyclopædia Britannicaonline
- ^ "Franklin Laureate Database - Edward Longstreth Medal 1969 Laureates". Franklin Institute. Archived from the original on December 12, 2012. Retrieved November 16, 2011.
- ^ a b Michael, Riordan (December 2007). "The Silicon Dioxide Solution: How physicist Jean Hoerni built the bridge from the transistor to the integrated circuit". IEEE Spectrum. IEEE. Archived from the original on July 13, 2012. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
- ^ a b "Jean A. Hoerni". SFGate.com. February 5, 1997. Retrieved November 27, 2012.
- ^ Internet, OSD, inc./ Bitterroot. "Montana News-The Bitterroot Star - The Bitterroot Valley's Weekly Newspaper". archives.bitterrootstar.com. Retrieved 2016-12-13.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Three Cups of Tea, chapter 5. (disk 2, tracks 16-18 of the audiobook version)
- ^ "A gift for an entire village-- A failed mountaineer becomes a philanthropist after a village without a school saves his life" Archived 2008-04-05 at the Wayback Machine, Marilyn Gardner, Christian Science Monitor, September 12, 2006
- ^ "Central Asia Institute History" Archived 2014-12-24 at the Wayback Machine, Central Asia Institute