Atefeh Rajabi Sahaaleh (Persian: عاطفه رجبی سهاله; September 21, 1987 – August 15, 2004) was an Iranian girl from the town of Neka who was executed a week after being sentenced to death by Haji Rezai, head of Neka's court, on charges of adultery and crimes against chastity after being repeatedly raped.
Atefeh Rajabi Sahaaleh عاطفه رجبی سهاله | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | September 21, 1987 |
| Died | August 15, 2004 (aged 16) Neka, Iran |
| Criminal status | Pardoned after execution |
| Conviction(s) | Adultery and crimes against chastity |
| Criminal penalty | Death by hanging |
Early life
editAtefeh was born in Neka, and her family moved to Mashhad shortly after her birth. When she was a young girl, her parents separated and her mother remarried. Her mother died in a car accident when Atefeh was five years old. Around that same time, her younger brother is said to have drowned in a river. Her father became a drug addict, and she was forced to care for her octogenerian grandparents. Despite her attention to their needs they are reported to have largely ignored her.[1] She was described as a "lively and intelligent girl."[2]
Arrests
editAtefeh was convicted of crimes against chastity when she was 13 years old. Following a police raid, she was discovered alone in a car with a boy. She was jailed and given 100 lashes. While in prison, she was further allegedly tortured and raped by prison guards. She told her grandmother that she could only walk on all fours because of the pain.[3] In the following years, she was arrested twice more for crimes against chastity, and both convictions were punished by flogging and jail time.[4]
In May 2003, Atefeh was arrested at home and charged with adultery and immorality. Authorities presented a report which they claimed supported the charges against Atefeh, but the only signatures on the report were police officers and other local authorities.[1][4]
The judge presiding over the trial was Haji Rezai. After Rezai interrogated Atefeh, she confessed to having sex with Ali Darabi, a married 51-year-old ex-revolutionary guard turned taxi driver. Atefeh was raped repeatedly by Darabi over the previous three years.[5][6] When Atefeh realized that she was losing her case, she removed her hijab, an act seen as a severe contempt of the court, and argued that Darabi should be punished, not her. She even removed her shoes and threw them at the judge.[7] Rezai sentenced Atefeh to death. Her lawyer appealed to Iran's Supreme Court in Tehran, where the verdict was upheld due to Atefeh's confession and three prior convictions for similar offenses.[1][4]
According to the BBC, the documents presented to the Supreme Court of Appeal described her as 22 years old, but her birth certificate and death certificate stated that she was 16. A witness stated that "the judge just looked at [Atefeh's] body, because of the developed physique... and declared her as 22," and her father alleges that "neither the judge nor even Atefeh's court appointed lawyer did anything to find out her true age."[5]
Execution
editShe was publicly hanged from a crane in Neka on August 15, 2004.[2]
Atefeh's execution is considered controversial because, as a signatory of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Iran promised not to execute anyone under the age of 18.[5] According to a 2004 press released issued by Amnesty International, Atefeh was the tenth minor Iran had executed since 1990. They declared her execution to be a crime against humanity and against children of the world.[8]
After the execution of Atefeh, Iranian media reported that Judge Rezai and several militia members, including Captain Zabihi and Captain Molai, were arrested by the Intelligence Ministry.[2][better source needed] Pursuant to continual complaints filed by Atefeh's family, and heavy international pressure about her execution and the way the judge mishandled the case, the Supreme Court of Iran issued an order to posthumously pardon Atefeh.[citation needed]
Documentaries
editAtefeh's story was the subject of a BBC documentary produced by Wild Pictures in 2006. Monica Garnsey and Arash Sahami went undercover to document the case.[5] It was also the subject of an hour-long Discovery Times program called Execution in Iran.[citation needed]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c عاطفه سهاله رجبی [Atefeh Sohaleh Rajabi]. بنیاد عبدالرحمن برومن [Abdul Rahman Broman Foundation] (in Persian).
- ^ a b c Kennedy, Theresa Griffin (2013-01-12). "We Must Never Forget Atefeh of Iran: 'The Gypsy of Neka'". Salem News. Retrieved 2024-06-15.
- ^ Garnsey, Monica (2006-07-28). "Death of a teenager". The Guardian. London. Archived from the original on 2013-06-23. Retrieved 2016-12-14.
- ^ a b c "Iran: The last executioner of children". Amnesty International. 2011-03-26.
- ^ a b c d "Programmes | Execution of a teenage girl". BBC News. 2006-07-27. Archived from the original on 2018-09-29. Retrieved 2012-06-08.
- ^ Garnsey, Monica (producer) (2006-08-14) [2006-07-27]. "Part 3 of 6". Execution of a Teenage Girl. Wild Pictures. BBC. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2012-06-08 – via Youtube.
- ^ Garnsey, Monica (producer) (2006-08-14) [2006-07-27]. "Part 4 of 6". Execution of a Teenage Girl. Wild Pictures. BBC. Archived from the original on 2021-12-21. Retrieved 2012-06-08 – via Youtube.
- ^ "Iran: Amnesty International outraged at reported execution of a 16 year old girl". Amnesty International (Press release). 2004-08-22. Archived from the original on 2019-12-07. Retrieved 2019-06-21.