HMCS Victoria is a long-range hunter-killer (SSK) submarine of the Royal Canadian Navy, the lead ship of her class. She is named after the city of Victoria, British Columbia. She was purchased from the Royal Navy, and is the former HMS Unseen (S41). The class was also renamed from the Upholder class.
 HMCS Victoria arrives at Naval Submarine Base Bangor, October 2004
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom | |
| Name | Unseen |
| Builder | Cammell Laird, Birkenhead |
| Laid down | 12 August 1987 |
| Launched | 14 November 1989 |
| Commissioned | 20 July 1991 |
| Decommissioned | 1994 |
| Fate | Transferred to Canada |
 Canada | |
| Name | Victoria |
| Acquired | 1998 |
| Commissioned | 2 December 2000[1] |
| Identification | SSK 876 |
| Motto | "Expect No Warning"[1] |
| Status | in active service |
| Notes | Colours: Gold and Red |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | Upholder/Victoria-class submarine |
| Displacement |
|
| Length | 70.26 m (230 ft 6 in) |
| Beam | 7.6 m (24 ft 11 in) |
| Draught | 5.5 m (18 ft 1 in) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed |
|
| Range | 10,000 nautical miles (19,000 km) at 12 knots (22 km/h) |
| Test depth | 200 m (660 ft) |
| Complement | 53 officers and crew |
| Armament |
|
Design
editAs built the Upholder/Victoria class was designed as a replacement for the Oberon class for use as hunter-killer and training subs. The submarines, which have a single-skinned, teardrop-shaped hull, displace 2,220 long tons (2,260 t) surfaced and 2,455 long tons (2,494 t) submerged.[2][3] They are 230 feet 7 inches (70.3 m) long overall with a beam of 25 feet 0 inches (7.6 m) and a draught of 17 feet 8 inches (5.4 m).[2]
The submarines are powered by a one shaft diesel-electric system. They are equipped with two Paxman Valenta 1600 RPS SZ diesel engines each driving a 1.4-megawatt (1,900 hp) GEC electric alternator with two 120-cell chloride batteries.[2][4] The batteries have a 90-hour endurance at 3 knots (5.6 km/h; 3.5 mph).[4] The ship is propelled by a 4.028-megawatt (5,402 hp) GEC dual armature electric motor turning a seven-blade fixed pitch propeller.[4] They have a 200-long-ton (200 t) diesel capacity. This gives the subs a maximum speed of 12 knots (22 km/h; 14 mph) on the surface and 20 knots (37 km/h; 23 mph) submerged. They have a range of 8,000 nautical miles (15,000 km; 9,200 mi) at 8 knots (15 km/h; 9.2 mph) and 10,000 nautical miles (19,000 km; 12,000 mi) at snorting depth.[2][5] The class has a reported dive depth of over 650 feet (200 m).[3]
The Upholder/Victoria class are armed with six 21-inch (533 mm) torpedo tubes. In British service, the submarines were equipped with 14 Tigerfish Mk 24 Mod 2 torpedoes and four UGM-84 Sub-Harpoon missiles.[2] They could also be adapted for use as a minelayer.[5] The submarines have Type 1007 radar and Type 2040, Type 2019, Type 2007 and Type 2046 sonar installed.[2] The hull is fitted with elastomeric acoustic tiles to reduce acoustic signature.[3] In British service the vessels had a complement of seven officers and 40 ratings.[2]
Refits and Canadian alterations
editDuring the refit for Canadian service, the Sub-Harpoon and mine capabilities were removed and the submarines were equipped with the Lockheed Martin Librascope Submarine fire-control system (SFCS) to meet the operational requirements of the Canadian Navy. Components from the fire control system of the Oberon-class submarines were installed.[6] This gave the submarines the ability to fire the Gould Mk 48 Mod 4 torpedo.[3] In 2014, the Government of Canada purchased 12 upgrade kits that will allow the submarines to fire the Mk 48 Mod 7AT torpedoes.[7]
These radar and sonar systems were later upgraded with the installation of the BAE Type 2007 array and the Type 2046 towed array.[2][3] The Canadian Towed Array Sonar (CANTASS) has been integrated into the towed sonar suite.[3] The Upholder-class submarines were equipped with the CK035 electro-optical search periscope and the CH085 optronic attack periscope, originally supplied by Pilkington Optronics.[3][4] After the Canadian refit, the submarines were equipped with Canadian communication equipment and electronic support measures (ESM). This included two SSE decoy launchers and the AR 900 ESM.[3]
Construction and career
editThe submarine's keel was laid down as HMS Unseen at Cammell Laird's Birkenhead yard on 12 August 1987. The submarine was launched on 14 November 1989 and commissioned into the Royal Navy on 20 July 1991. Unseen was decommissioned on 6 April 1994, and placed in reserve in June.[8][9]
Transfer and Canadian service
editLooking to discontinue the operation of diesel-electric boats, the British government offered to sell Unseen and her sister submarines to Canada in 1993. The offer was accepted in 1998. The four boats were leased to the Canada for US$427 million, plus US$98 million for upgrades and alteration to Canadian standards.[10]
Unseen was the first to be reactivated, and was due to enter service in May 2000.[8] However, problems were discovered with the piping welds on all four submarines, which delayed the reactivation.[8] Unseen was handed over to the Canadian Navy on 6 October 2000 and departed for Canada on 9 October. For the majority of the transit across the Atlantic, the submarine travelled submerged, arriving on 23 October.[9] The submarine was commissioned into Maritime Command as Victoria at Halifax, Nova Scotia on 2 December 2000.[8][9]
Damage
editOn arrival in Halifax, Victoria was placed into dockyard hands for a refit.[11] This was originally scheduled to take six months, but was not completed until 2003.[11] In April 2002, while in drydock, a dent was discovered in the hull below the waterline. This contributed to the delayed refit.[9] Victoria was then transferred to Esquimalt, British Columbia, becoming the first Canadian submarine stationed in the Pacific since the 1974 decommissioning of HMCS Rainbow.[12] The submarine was in and out of dock during 2004 and 2005, culminating in a planned two-year repair program in late 2005.[11]
Quoting a CBC News report from May 2006:
- Navy technicians caused "catastrophic damage" to one of Canada's trouble-plagued submarines two years ago, says a Halifax newspaper report that cited military documents.
- The technicians blew out the electrical system when they hooked up HMCS Victoria to a modern electrical generator, the Halifax Chronicle-Herald reported Saturday.
- "Attempts to use a DC [direct current] feed … caused catastrophic damage to certain onboard filters and power supply units," the Chronicle-Herald reported, quoting recently released military documents about the incident, which occurred in British Columbia.
- The navy is now spending about $200,000 to buy old electrical equipment that mirrors the original equipment found on the submarine.[13]
2000 to present
editBetween 2000 and 2010, Victoria had only been at sea for 115 days;[11] and was expected to re-enter service in mid-2011, after six years in drydock.[14]
As of March 2011, repairs were still ongoing.[11] As of 23 April 2011, the submarine was reported to be out of drydock and going through trials.[15] On 5 December 2011, Victoria departed Esquimalt Harbour to conduct sea trials and crew training.[16][17] Victoria arrived at Bangor Naval Base Kitsap-Bangor for deperming (degaussing or the erasure of magnetism) on 13 December 2011,[18] returning to Esquimalt on 16 December.[16]
On 16 March 2012, Victoria fired her first exercise torpedo since beginning her refit.[19][20] While participating in RIMPAC 2012 exercises, Victoria successfully fired a Mark 48 torpedo on 17 July 2012 striking and sinking the discarded USNS Concord.[21] Victoria was declared fully operational in 2012.[22]
Victoria participated in Operation Caribbe in 2013.[23] In July 2014, Victoria sailed to Hawaii to participate in RIMPAC exercises.[24]
In late 2016, it was announced that all four submarines would reach the end of their service life before 2025 without a large-scale upgrade and refit program. The SELEX (Submarine Life Extension) program was introduced as a result. SELEX will upgrade the outer and inner hulls of the submarines, extending their service life into the early 2030s. SELEX will also upgrade and/or replace the submarines' engines, power systems, propulsion systems, sonar system, countermeasures, communications systems and warfare suite. The program is expected to cost anywhere from CAD$1.5 billion to CAD$3 billion, the latter of which is only slightly less than the estimated cost of replacing the fleet with new submarines.[25]
To deal with the ongoing battery issues aboard sister boat Chicoutimi that began in May 2017, the main battery was transferred from Victoria to Chicoutimi.[26]
References
edit- ^ a b "Volume 2: Extant Commissioned Ships – HMCS Victoria". Official Lineages. National Defence and the Canadian Forces. Archived from the original on 23 May 2013. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Gardiner and Chumbley, p. 532
- ^ a b c d e f g h Saunders, p. 88
- ^ a b c d Perkins, p. 196
- ^ a b Cocker, p. 123
- ^ Perkins, p. 166
- ^ Pugliese, David (26 September 2014). "Canadian government to spend $41 million for torpedo upgrade kits for submarines". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 28 February 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2018.
- ^ a b c d Wertheim, pp. 77–78
- ^ a b c d Macpherson and Barrie, p. 298
- ^ Ferguson, p. 152
- ^ a b c d e "Military helicopter delays". The Victoria Times. 23 February 2010. Retrieved 14 May 2010. [dead link]
- ^ "HMCS Victoria Arrives Sunday". National Defence. Archived from the original on 6 July 2009.
- ^ "Navy technicians blew submarine's electrical system: report". CBC News. 14 May 2006. Archived from the original on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
- ^ "Sub Fleet Creating Canadian Controversies". Defense Industry Daily. Archived from the original on 31 December 2010. Retrieved 2 January 2011.
- ^ "HMCS Victoria Back In the Water". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 16 July 2012. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
- ^ a b "HMCS Victoria Returns To Sea". National Defence. Archived from the original on 25 January 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
- ^ Turner, Migs, ed. (January 2012). "Victoria sails past Fisgard Lighthouse" (PDF). Lead and Line. 27 (1). Victoria: Naval Officers' Association of Vancouver Island: 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2014. Retrieved 7 January 2014.
- ^ Friedrich, Ed (31 December 2011). "Canadian submarine visiting Bangor base". Kitsap Sun. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 17 January 2012.
- ^ "Submarine HMCS Victoria fires its first exercise torpedo". The Vancouver Sun. Retrieved 17 March 2012. [dead link]
- ^ "Sub HMCS Victoria fires 1st torpedoes in test". CBC News. 16 March 2014. Archived from the original on 7 October 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ "RIMPAC sinks second ship". KITV4 (ABC). 18 July 2012. Archived from the original on 3 January 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ "Royal Canadian Navy Submarines: Fleet Status". Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 17 March 2013.
- ^ Pugliese, David (22 September 2014). "Crew of HMCS Victoria to receive Operational Service Medals". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ Pugliese, David (2 July 2014). "HMCS Victoria arrives in Pearl Harbor to take part in RIMPAC 2014". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2014.
- ^ "Submarine Life Extension: Replace Existing Systems with Newer or Different System". National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces. 26 May 2016. Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 22 February 2017.
- ^ Pugliese, David (23 June 2017). "Navy transferring main battery from HMCS Victoria to HMCS Chicoutimi". Ottawa Citizen. Archived from the original on 25 June 2017. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
Sources
edit- Cocker, Maurice (2008). Royal Navy Submarines: 1901 to the Present Day. Barnsley, UK: Pen and Sword Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-84415-733-4.
- Ferguson, Julie H. (2000). Deeply Canadian: New Submarines for a New Millennium. Port Moody, British Columbia: Beacon Publishing. ISBN 0-9689857-0-X.
- Gardiner, Robert; Chumbley, Stephen; Budzbon, Przemysław, eds. (1995). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1947–1995. Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-132-7.
- Macpherson, Ken; Barrie, Ron (2002). The Ships of Canada's Naval Forces 1910–2002 (Third ed.). St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing. ISBN 1-55125-072-1.
- Perkins, J. David (2000). The Canadian Submarine Service in Review. St. Catharines, Ontario: Vanwell Publishing Limited. ISBN 1-55125-031-4.
- Saunders, Stephen, ed. (2004). Jane's Fighting Ships 2004–2005. Alexandria, Virginia: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 0-7106-2623-1.
- Wertheim, Eric, ed. (2007). The Naval Institute Guide to Combat Fleets of the World: Their Ships, Aircraft, and Systems (15th ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 978-1-59114-955-2. OCLC 140283156.
External links
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