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Dermolepida albohirtum, the cane beetle, is a native Australian beetle and a pest of sugarcane. Adult beetles eat the leaves of sugarcane, but greater damage is done by their larvae hatching underground and eating the roots, which either kills or stunts the growth of the plant.[1] The beetles can also be found in the Philippines and are known there by the local name salagubang.
| Dermolepida albohirtum | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Coleoptera |
| Family: | Scarabaeidae |
| Tribe: | Melolonthini |
| Genus: | Dermolepida |
| Species: | D. albohirtum
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| Binomial name | |
| Dermolepida albohirtum (C.O.Waterhouse, 1875)
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Lifecycle
editAdult cane beetles are white with speckles of black. Female cane beetles lay their eggs in the soil of sugarcane about 20 to 45 cm (8 to 18 in) deep, generally choosing the base of the tallest cane. A female beetle can lay up to three clutches with 20–30 eggs per clutch.[1] Larvae, which are known as "greyback cane grubs", are small and white.
The cane beetle grub feeds on the roots of the sugarcane during all three stages of its life. The crucial stage occurs during February to May, when it aggressively feeds on the sugarcane's roots, causing the most damage to the plant.[1] Once it is fully fed, after 3–4 months, the grub burrows down to turn into a pupa. The pupa develops into an adult within a month, but does not emerge from the soil until the weather conditions are adequate.[1]
Pest control efforts
editMethods of control include applications of Metarhizium anisopliae, along with other biocontrol strategies,[2] but pest control against cane beetles also damages a large variety of other insects and invertebrates that can be beneficial to the ecosystem, thus preventing their use.[clarification needed] The introduction of the cane toad to Australia was a biocontrol attempt.
Cane toad introduction
editThe greyback cane beetle was, along with the Frenchi cane beetle, Lepidiota frenchi, the reason that the cane toad (Rhinella marina) was introduced to Australia. The toad was brought in as a biological control to protect sugarcane crops. While introduced cane toads did eat cane beetles, the toads preferred other insects, and R. marina itself became a major pest.
The toad population rose exponentially. Native predators such as quolls (Dasyurus, "marsupial cat") neither possess resistance to its toxins nor have learned avoidance; thus, these predators became locally extinct upon arrival of toads and suffered overall population declines – up to 97% for the northern quoll.
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Sugar Research Australia Greyback Canegrub" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 October 2016. Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- ^ "Belowground ecology of scarabs feeding on grass roots: Current knowledge and future directions for management in Australasia" (PDF). Retrieved 27 February 2017.
- Frew, A.; et al. (2016). "Belowground ecology of scarabs feeding on grass roots: Current knowledge and future directions for management in Australasia". Frontiers in Plant Science. 7: 321. doi:10.3389/fpls.2016.00321. PMC 4802167. PMID 27047506.
- Sallam, Nader (2011). "Review of current knowledge on the population dynamics of Dermolepida albohirtum (Waterhouse) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)". Australian Journal of Entomology. 50: no. doi:10.1111/j.1440-6055.2010.00807.x.