Demographic features of the population of Ghana include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, religious affiliations, and other aspects.
| Demographics of Ghana | |
|---|---|
 Population pyramid of Ghana in 2020 | |
| Population | 33,107,275 (2022 est.) |
| Growth rate | 2.23% (2022 est.) |
| Birth rate | 28.55 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Death rate | 6.14 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Life expectancy | 69.37 years |
| • male | 67.7 years |
| • female | 71.09 years |
| Fertility rate | 3.66 children born/woman (2022 est.) |
| Infant mortality rate | 32.59 deaths/1,000 live births |
| Net migration rate | -0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) |
| Age structure | |
| 0–14 years | 37.44% |
| 65 and over | 4.44% |
| Sex ratio | |
| Total | 0.95 male(s)/female (2022 est.) |
| At birth | 1.03 male(s)/female |
| Under 15 | 1.02 male(s)/female |
| 65 and over | 0.72 male(s)/female |
| Nationality | |
| Nationality | Ghanaian |
| Major ethnic | Akan (45.7%) |
| Language | |
| Official | English |
Ghana's population is 30,832,019 (2021 census).[1]
Languages
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Ghana is a multilingual country in which about 80 languages are spoken.[2] English is the official language and lingua franca.[3][4] Of the languages indigenous to Ghana, Akan is the most widely spoken.[5]
Ghana has more than seventy ethnic groups, each with its own distinct language.[6] Languages that belong to the same ethnic group are usually mutually intelligible.
Eleven languages have the status of government-sponsored languages: four Akan ethnic languages (Akuapem Twi, Asante Twi, Fante and Nzema) and two Mole–Dagbani ethnic languages (Dagaare and Dagbanli). The rest are Ewe, Dangme, Ga, Gonja, and Kasem, Hausa.[7]
Ethnic groups
editGhana has more than seventy native ethnic groups.[6] Major native African ethnic groups in Ghana include the Akan at 45.7% of the population, the Mole-Dagbon at 18.5%, the Ewe at 13.9%, the Ga-Dangme at 7.1%, the Gurma at 6.4%, the Guan at 3.2%, the Grusi at 2.7%, Mande at 2% and others at 1.6%.[8]
Education
editPrimary and junior secondary school education is tuition-free and mandatory. Since 1987, the Government of Ghana has increased its education budget by 700%. Basic education's share has grown from 45% to 60% of that total.
Students begin their six-year primary education at the age of six. They pass into a junior secondary school system for three years of academic training combined with technical and vocational training. Those continuing move into the three-year senior secondary school program. Entrance to one of the best Ghanaian universities is by examination following completion of senior secondary school with a pass mark.
Demographic trends
edit
Ghana's first post independence population census in 1961 counted about 6.7 million inhabitants.[9] Between 1965 and 1989, a constant 45% of Ghana total female population was of childbearing age.[9]
The crude death rate of 18 per 1,000 population in 1965 fell to 13 per 1,000 population in 1992. Life expectancy rose from a 1992 average of 42 years for men and 45 years for women to 52 and 56 years in 2002. The fertility rate averaged two children per adult female in 2013.[9]
Population by Sex and Age Group (Census 26.IX.2010):[10]
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 12 024 845 | 12 633 978 | 24 658 823 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 1 731 787 | 1 673 619 | 3 405 406 | 13.81 |
| 5–9 | 1 589 632 | 1 539 320 | 3 128 952 | 12.69 |
| 10–14 | 1 477 525 | 1 438 515 | 2 916 040 | 11.83 |
| 15–19 | 1 311 112 | 1 298 877 | 2 609 989 | 10.58 |
| 20–24 | 1 100 727 | 1 222 764 | 2 323 491 | 9.42 |
| 25–29 | 943 213 | 1 106 898 | 2 050 111 | 8.31 |
| 30–34 | 790 301 | 888 508 | 1 678 809 | 6.81 |
| 35–39 | 676 768 | 744 635 | 1 421 403 | 5.76 |
| 40–44 | 572 620 | 613 730 | 1 186 350 | 4.81 |
| 45–49 | 452 975 | 485 123 | 938 098 | 3.80 |
| 50–54 | 394 600 | 438 498 | 833 098 | 3.38 |
| 55–59 | 258 582 | 265 113 | 523 695 | 2.12 |
| 60–64 | 227 050 | 248 799 | 475 849 | 1.93 |
| 65–69 | 136 244 | 157 627 | 293 871 | 1.19 |
| 70–74 | 149 512 | 201 818 | 351 330 | 1.42 |
| 75–79 | 89 149 | 116 804 | 205 953 | 0.84 |
| 80–84 | 62 357 | 96 727 | 159 084 | 0.65 |
| 85–89 | 32 937 | 50 133 | 83 070 | 0.34 |
| 90–94 | 19 004 | 32 077 | 51 081 | 0.21 |
| 95+ | 8 750 | 14 393 | 23 143 | 0.09 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 4 798 944 | 4 651 454 | 9 450 398 | 38.32 |
| 15–64 | 6 727 948 | 7 312 945 | 14 040 893 | 56.94 |
| 65+ | 497 953 | 669 579 | 1 167 532 | 4.73 |
Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2015) (Data based on the 2010 Population Census.):[11]
| Age Group | Male | Female | Total | % |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 13 562 093 | 14 108 081 | 27 670 174 | 100 |
| 0–4 | 2 020 776 | 1 978 634 | 3 999 410 | 14.45 |
| 5–9 | 1 688 452 | 1 624 426 | 3 312 878 | 11.97 |
| 10–14 | 1 567 043 | 1 530 309 | 3 097 352 | 11.19 |
| 15–19 | 1 414 987 | 1 410 591 | 2 825 578 | 10.21 |
| 20–24 | 1 251 759 | 1 286 040 | 2 537 799 | 9.17 |
| 25–29 | 1 083 877 | 1 168 616 | 2 252 493 | 8.14 |
| 30–34 | 935 947 | 1 031 219 | 1 967 166 | 7.11 |
| 35–39 | 785 200 | 880 037 | 1 665 237 | 6.02 |
| 40–44 | 661 789 | 742 520 | 1 404 309 | 5.08 |
| 45–49 | 546 030 | 599 902 | 1 145 932 | 4.14 |
| 50–54 | 445 531 | 487 737 | 933 268 | 3.37 |
| 55–59 | 348 118 | 379 884 | 728 002 | 2.63 |
| 60–64 | 270 642 | 299 974 | 570 616 | 2.06 |
| 65–69 | 196 219 | 223 282 | 419 501 | 1.52 |
| 70–74 | 142 378 | 170 878 | 313 256 | 1.13 |
| 75–79 | 96 514 | 126 573 | 223 087 | 0.81 |
| 80+ | 106 831 | 167 459 | 274 290 | 0.99 |
| Age group | Male | Female | Total | Percent |
| 0–14 | 5 276 271 | 5 133 369 | 10 409 640 | 37.62 |
| 15–64 | 7 743 880 | 8 286 520 | 16 030 400 | 57.93 |
| 65+ | 541 942 | 688 192 | 1 230 134 | 4.45 |
In July 2022, the United Nations published its 2022 World Population Prospects, a biennially-updated database where key demographic indicators are estimated and projected worldwide down to the country level. They prepared the following estimates of demographic indicators in Ghana for every year from 1950 to 2021, as well as projections for future decades.[12]
| Mid-year population | Live births | Deaths | Natural change | Crude birth rate (per 1000) | Crude death rate (per 1000) | Natural change (per 1000) | Total fertility rate (TFR) | Infant mortality (per 1000 live births) | Life expectancy (in years) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 5 078 000 | 237 000 | 114 000 | 123 000 | 46.8 | 22.6 | 24.2 | 6.59 | 149.2 | 43.11 |
| 1951 | 5 220 000 | 250 000 | 116 000 | 135 000 | 48.0 | 22.2 | 25.8 | 6.64 | 145.5 | 43.65 |
| 1952 | 5 373 000 | 263 000 | 117 000 | 145 000 | 49.0 | 21.9 | 27.1 | 6.68 | 142.2 | 44.07 |
| 1953 | 5 535 000 | 276 000 | 119 000 | 157 000 | 49.8 | 21.5 | 28.3 | 6.73 | 139.0 | 44.59 |
| 1954 | 5 706 000 | 287 000 | 121 000 | 167 000 | 50.3 | 21.1 | 29.2 | 6.75 | 136.1 | 45.08 |
| 1955 | 5 887 000 | 298 000 | 122 000 | 176 000 | 50.7 | 20.8 | 29.9 | 6.77 | 133.2 | 45.50 |
| 1956 | 6 077 000 | 309 000 | 124 000 | 185 000 | 50.9 | 20.4 | 30.5 | 6.80 | 130.6 | 45.90 |
| 1957 | 6 276 000 | 319 000 | 126 000 | 193 000 | 50.8 | 20.0 | 30.8 | 6.81 | 128.3 | 46.26 |
| 1958 | 6 479 000 | 328 000 | 128 000 | 201 000 | 50.7 | 19.7 | 31.0 | 6.82 | 126.2 | 46.50 |
| 1959 | 6 690 000 | 337 000 | 129 000 | 207 000 | 50.4 | 19.3 | 31.0 | 6.83 | 124.6 | 46.87 |
| 1960 | 6 912 000 | 344 000 | 131 000 | 213 000 | 49.8 | 19.0 | 30.8 | 6.85 | 123.1 | 47.10 |
| 1961 | 7 109 000 | 352 000 | 133 000 | 219 000 | 49.3 | 18.7 | 30.7 | 6.89 | 122.0 | 47.33 |
| 1962 | 7 281 000 | 359 000 | 137 000 | 222 000 | 49.2 | 18.7 | 30.4 | 6.95 | 121.2 | 47.41 |
| 1963 | 7 458 000 | 367 000 | 140 000 | 226 000 | 49.0 | 18.7 | 30.3 | 6.98 | 120.6 | 47.58 |
| 1964 | 7 640 000 | 371 000 | 143 000 | 228 000 | 48.4 | 18.7 | 29.7 | 6.93 | 120.1 | 47.72 |
| 1965 | 7 828 000 | 376 000 | 146 000 | 230 000 | 47.9 | 18.6 | 29.3 | 6.89 | 120.0 | 47.78 |
| 1966 | 8 020 000 | 381 000 | 150 000 | 231 000 | 47.4 | 18.6 | 28.7 | 6.88 | 120.0 | 47.73 |
| 1967 | 8 216 000 | 389 000 | 153 000 | 236 000 | 47.2 | 18.6 | 28.6 | 6.91 | 120.2 | 47.68 |
| 1968 | 8 418 000 | 398 000 | 157 000 | 241 000 | 47.2 | 18.7 | 28.5 | 6.91 | 120.3 | 47.57 |
| 1969 | 8 630 000 | 409 000 | 161 000 | 248 000 | 47.3 | 18.6 | 28.7 | 6.96 | 120.3 | 47.57 |
| 1970 | 8 862 000 | 418 000 | 163 000 | 255 000 | 47.2 | 18.4 | 28.8 | 6.95 | 120.1 | 47.81 |
| 1971 | 9 109 000 | 428 000 | 166 000 | 261 000 | 46.9 | 18.3 | 28.7 | 6.94 | 119.7 | 47.80 |
| 1972 | 9 366 000 | 436 000 | 166 000 | 270 000 | 46.5 | 17.8 | 28.8 | 6.91 | 118.4 | 48.03 |
| 1973 | 9 637 000 | 446 000 | 167 000 | 279 000 | 46.2 | 17.3 | 28.9 | 6.87 | 116.7 | 48.40 |
| 1974 | 9 919 000 | 455 000 | 168 000 | 287 000 | 45.8 | 16.9 | 29.0 | 6.83 | 114.5 | 48.78 |
| 1975 | 10 210 000 | 464 000 | 168 000 | 296 000 | 45.4 | 16.4 | 29.0 | 6.77 | 112.0 | 49.25 |
| 1976 | 10 509 000 | 473 000 | 168 000 | 305 000 | 45.0 | 15.9 | 29.0 | 6.72 | 109.1 | 49.76 |
| 1977 | 10 825 000 | 484 000 | 169 000 | 315 000 | 44.7 | 15.6 | 29.1 | 6.68 | 106.6 | 50.09 |
| 1978 | 11 163 000 | 498 000 | 171 000 | 327 000 | 44.7 | 15.3 | 29.3 | 6.61 | 104.4 | 50.57 |
| 1979 | 11 516 000 | 514 000 | 175 000 | 339 000 | 44.7 | 15.2 | 29.5 | 6.56 | 102.8 | 50.93 |
| 1980 | 11 865 000 | 532 000 | 179 000 | 353 000 | 44.8 | 15.1 | 29.7 | 6.52 | 101.6 | 51.12 |
| 1981 | 12 213 000 | 549 000 | 181 000 | 368 000 | 45.0 | 14.8 | 30.1 | 6.47 | 100.8 | 51.27 |
| 1982 | 12 585 000 | 563 000 | 183 000 | 380 000 | 44.8 | 14.6 | 30.2 | 6.38 | 100.2 | 51.38 |
| 1983 | 12 984 000 | 582 000 | 187 000 | 395 000 | 44.8 | 14.4 | 30.4 | 6.31 | 98.9 | 51.62 |
| 1984 | 13 342 000 | 602 000 | 190 000 | 412 000 | 44.9 | 14.2 | 30.8 | 6.24 | 97.1 | 52.05 |
| 1985 | 13 651 000 | 608 000 | 189 000 | 418 000 | 44.3 | 13.8 | 30.5 | 6.19 | 94.9 | 52.42 |
| 1986 | 13 972 000 | 613 000 | 186 000 | 427 000 | 43.8 | 13.3 | 30.5 | 6.15 | 92.2 | 53.13 |
| 1987 | 14 311 000 | 618 000 | 184 000 | 434 000 | 43.0 | 12.8 | 30.2 | 6.09 | 89.1 | 53.82 |
| 1988 | 14 672 000 | 618 000 | 181 000 | 437 000 | 42.0 | 12.3 | 29.7 | 5.96 | 85.8 | 54.51 |
| 1989 | 15 052 000 | 620 000 | 178 000 | 441 000 | 41.1 | 11.8 | 29.3 | 5.83 | 82.7 | 55.19 |
| 1990 | 15 447 000 | 625 000 | 178 000 | 447 000 | 40.4 | 11.5 | 28.9 | 5.71 | 79.8 | 55.62 |
| 1991 | 15 843 000 | 629 000 | 178 000 | 451 000 | 39.6 | 11.2 | 28.4 | 5.59 | 77.6 | 56.01 |
| 1992 | 16 242 000 | 630 000 | 179 000 | 451 000 | 38.7 | 11.0 | 27.7 | 5.47 | 75.7 | 56.23 |
| 1993 | 16 644 000 | 632 000 | 181 000 | 451 000 | 37.9 | 10.9 | 27.0 | 5.36 | 74.3 | 56.42 |
| 1994 | 17 041 000 | 627 000 | 187 000 | 441 000 | 36.8 | 10.9 | 25.8 | 5.19 | 73.7 | 56.11 |
| 1995 | 17 439 000 | 632 000 | 186 000 | 445 000 | 36.2 | 10.7 | 25.5 | 5.07 | 72.6 | 56.57 |
| 1996 | 17 844 000 | 633 000 | 188 000 | 445 000 | 35.4 | 10.5 | 24.9 | 4.93 | 71.4 | 56.82 |
| 1997 | 18 268 000 | 644 000 | 189 000 | 456 000 | 35.3 | 10.3 | 24.9 | 4.87 | 70.2 | 57.20 |
| 1998 | 18 715 000 | 660 000 | 190 000 | 471 000 | 35.3 | 10.1 | 25.1 | 4.84 | 68.6 | 57.60 |
| 1999 | 19 177 000 | 680 000 | 191 000 | 489 000 | 35.4 | 10.0 | 25.5 | 4.84 | 66.6 | 58.03 |
| 2000 | 19 666 000 | 706 000 | 195 000 | 510 000 | 35.9 | 9.9 | 25.9 | 4.85 | 64.3 | 58.20 |
| 2001 | 20 196 000 | 719 000 | 201 000 | 518 000 | 35.6 | 10.0 | 25.7 | 4.79 | 62.1 | 58.11 |
| 2002 | 20 758 000 | 733 000 | 202 000 | 531 000 | 35.3 | 9.7 | 25.6 | 4.72 | 59.9 | 58.61 |
| 2003 | 21 330 000 | 745 000 | 203 000 | 542 000 | 34.9 | 9.5 | 25.4 | 4.63 | 58.0 | 59.11 |
| 2004 | 21 906 000 | 756 000 | 207 000 | 549 000 | 34.5 | 9.5 | 25.1 | 4.53 | 56.3 | 59.19 |
| 2005 | 22 497 000 | 785 000 | 208 000 | 577 000 | 34.9 | 9.2 | 25.6 | 4.54 | 54.9 | 59.76 |
| 2006 | 23 099 000 | 788 000 | 211 000 | 577 000 | 34.1 | 9.1 | 25.0 | 4.41 | 53.5 | 59.99 |
| 2007 | 23 708 000 | 795 000 | 214 000 | 581 000 | 33.6 | 9.0 | 24.5 | 4.31 | 52.0 | 60.22 |
| 2008 | 24 326 000 | 807 000 | 217 000 | 591 000 | 33.2 | 8.9 | 24.3 | 4.25 | 50.5 | 60.49 |
| 2009 | 24 951 000 | 823 000 | 217 000 | 606 000 | 33.0 | 8.7 | 24.3 | 4.21 | 48.8 | 60.95 |
| 2010 | 25 575 000 | 844 000 | 221 000 | 624 000 | 33.0 | 8.6 | 24.4 | 4.21 | 47.0 | 61.16 |
| 2011 | 26 206 000 | 864 000 | 221 000 | 643 000 | 33.0 | 8.4 | 24.5 | 4.19 | 45.2 | 61.65 |
| 2012 | 26 859 000 | 883 000 | 221 000 | 662 000 | 32.9 | 8.2 | 24.6 | 4.18 | 43.4 | 62.08 |
| 2013 | 27 526 000 | 896 000 | 223 000 | 673 000 | 32.5 | 8.1 | 24.4 | 4.14 | 41.7 | 62.42 |
| 2014 | 28 196 000 | 898 000 | 220 000 | 677 000 | 31.8 | 7.8 | 24.0 | 4.05 | 40.2 | 63.05 |
| 2015 | 28 871 000 | 916 000 | 225 000 | 691 000 | 31.7 | 7.8 | 23.9 | 4.05 | 38.7 | 63.18 |
| 2016 | 29 554 000 | 902 000 | 220 000 | 682 000 | 30.5 | 7.5 | 23.1 | 3.91 | 37.4 | 63.89 |
| 2017 | 30 222 000 | 876 000 | 223 000 | 652 000 | 29.0 | 7.4 | 21.6 | 3.71 | 36.2 | 64.01 |
| 2018 | 30 871 000 | 897 000 | 228 000 | 669 000 | 29.0 | 7.4 | 21.7 | 3.73 | 35.1 | 64.12 |
| 2019 | 31 259 000 | 872 000 | 229 000 | 642 000 | 27.9 | 7.3 | 20.6 | 3.59 | 34.5 | 64.5 |
| 2020 | 31 888 000 | 875 000 | 237 000 | 637 000 | 27.4 | 7.4 | 20.0 | 3.54 | 33.5 | 64.3 |
| 2021 | 32 519 000 | 879 000 | 243 000 | 636 000 | 27.0 | 7.5 | 19.6 | 3.49 | 32.5 | 64.3 |
| 2022 | 33 149 000 | 882 000 | 235 000 | 646 000 | 26.6 | 7.1 | 19.5 | 3.43 | 31.6 | 65.2 |
| 2023 | 33 788 000 | 889 000 | 238 000 | 651 000 | 26.3 | 7.0 | 19.3 | 3.40 | 30.7 | 65.5 |
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Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on Phabricator and on MediaWiki.org. |
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Fertility and births based on Demographics Health Survey
editTotal Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR) Demographics Health Survey:[13]
| Year | Total | Urban | Rural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBR | TFR (WFR) | CBR | TFR (WFR) | CBR | TFR (WFR) | |
| 1993 | 38.0 | 5.5 (4.2) | 32.9 | 3.99 (2.9) | 40.2 | 6.36 (4.9) |
| 1998 | 32.7 | 4.55 (3.7) | 25.4 | 2.96 (2.4) | 36.0 | 5.41 (4.3) |
| 2003 | 32.6 | 4.4 (3.7) | 26.6 | 3.1 (2.6) | 36.7 | 5.6 (4.6) |
| 2007 | 33.3 | 4.6 | 28.4 | 3.4 | 36.3 | 5.5 |
| 2008 | 30.8 | 4.0 (3.5) | 27.1 | 3.1 (2.7) | 33.6 | 4.9 (4.2) |
| 2014 | 30.6 | 4.2 (3.6) | 27.9 | 3.4 (3.1) | 33.5 | 5.2 (4.3) |
| 2017 | 30.0 | 3.9 | 28.3 | 3.3 | 31.7 | 4.7 |
| 2022 | 27.9 | 3.9 (3.4) | 25.1 | 3.2 (2.8) | 30.9 | 4.8 (4.2) |
Fertility and births (Census 2000 and 2010)
edit| Year | Total | Urban | Rural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR | CBR | TFR | |
| 2000 | 31.1 | 3.99 | 26.7 | 3.0 | 33.8 | 4.9 |
| 2010 | 25.3 | 3.28 | 23.0 | 2.78 | 26.9 | 3.94 |
| Year | Population | Live births | Deaths | Natural increase | Crude birth rate | Crude death rate | Rate of natural increase | TFR |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 24,200,000 | 623,700 | 163,534 | 460,166 | 25.3 | 6.6 | 18.7 | 3.28 |
| Region | Total fertility rate | Percentage of women aged 15–49 currently pregnant | Mean number of children ever born to women aged 40–49 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Western | 3.6 | 6.9 | 4.8 |
| Central | 4.7 | 7.8 | 5.2 |
| Greater Accra | 2.8 | 6.9 | 3.4 |
| Volta | 4.3 | 6.1 | 4.8 |
| Eastern | 4.2 | 7.9 | 4.9 |
| Ashanti | 4.2 | 5.8 | 4.8 |
| Brong Ahafo | 4.8 | 7.6 | 5.1 |
| Northern | 6.6 | 8.9 | 6.4 |
| Upper East | 4.9 | 7.9 | 5.7 |
| Upper West | 5.2 | 6.8 | 6.4 |
| Region | Total fertility rate (Wanted fertility rate) 2014 | Total fertility rate (Wanted fertility rate) 2022 |
|---|---|---|
| Western | 3.6 (3.3) | 3.6 (3.0) |
| Central | 4.7 (3.8) | 3.6 (2.8) |
| Greater Accra | 2.8 (2.5) | 2.9 (2.6) |
| Volta | 4.3 (3.6) | 3.2 (2.7) |
| Eastern | 4.2 (3.4) | 3.5 (3.0) |
| Ashanti | 4.2 (3.5) | 3.5 (3.0) |
| Western North | 3.8 (3.3) | |
| Brong Ahafo | 4.8 (3.9) | 4.3 (3.7) |
| Bono | 3.7 (3.4) | |
| Bono East | 4.7 (4.3) | |
| Oti | 5.2 (4.6) | |
| Northern | 6.6 (6.2) | 5.6 (5.1) |
| Savannah | 5.8 (5.4) | |
| North East | 6.6 (6.5) | |
| Upper East | 4.9 (4.5) | 4.6 (4.5) |
| Upper West | 5.2 (4.5) | 4.5 (4.2) |
Other demographic statistics
editDemographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2022.[19]
- One birth every 35 seconds
- One death every 2 minutes
- One net migrant every 53 minutes
- Net gain of one person every 48 seconds
The following demographics are from the independent Ghana Statistical Service[20] and from the CIA World Factbook[21] unless otherwise indicated.
Population
edit- 33,107,275 (2022 est.)
- 30,802,793 (Feb 2020 )
- 25,009,153 (December 2013 est.[22][23]) Females- 50.5% Male- 49.5%
Religions
editChristian: 71.3% (Pentecostal/Charismatic 31.6%, Protestant 17.4%, Catholic 10%, other 12.3%), Muslim 19.9%, traditionalist 3.2%, 2.1% Hindu, other 1.3%, none 1.1% (2021 est.)
Age structure
edit - 0-14 years: 37.44% (male 5,524,932/female 5,460,943)
- 15-24 years: 18.64% (male 2,717,481/female 2,752,601)
- 25-54 years: 34.27% (male 4,875,985/female 5,177,959)
- 55-64 years: 5.21% (male 743,757/female 784,517)
- 65 years and over: 4.44% (male 598,387/female 703,686) (2020 est.)
- 0–14 years: 37.83% (male 5,344,146 /female 5,286,383)
- 15–24 years: 18.61% (male 2,600,390 /female 2,629,660)
- 25–54 years: 34.21% (male 4,663,234 /female 4,950,888)
- 55–64 years: 5.05% (male 690,327 /female 727,957)
- 65 years and over: 4.3% (male 557,155 /female 652,331) (2018 est.)
Population growth rate
edit- 2.23% (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 35th
- 2.16% (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 40th
Birth rate
edit- 28.55 births/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 34th
- 30.2 births/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 35th
- 16.03 births/1,000 population (2013 est.)
Death rate
edit- 6.14 deaths/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 150th
- 6.8 deaths/1,000 population (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 134th
- 7.53 deaths/1,000 population (2013 est.)
- 3.61 children born/woman (2023 est.) Country comparison to the world: 32nd
- 3.66 children born/woman (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 33rd
- 3.96 children born/woman (2018 est.) Country comparison to the world: 34th
- Fertility rate declined from 3.99 (2000) to 3.28 (2010) with 2.78 in Urban region and 3.94 in rural region.[14]
Median age
edit- total: 21.4 years. Country comparison to the world: 184th
- male: 21 years
- female: 21.9 years (2020 est.)
- total: 21.2 years. Country comparison to the world: 185th
- male: 20.7 years
- female: 21.7 years (2018 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
edit- 22.3 years (2017 est.)
- note: median age at first birth among women 25–29
Contraceptive prevalence rate
edit- 27.2% (2017/18)
Net migration rate
edit- -0.16 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2022 est.) Country comparison to the world: 107th
- -1.8 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.) Country comparison to the world: 154th
- -1.85 migrant(s)/1,020 population (2013 est.)
Infant mortality rate
edit- 39.01 deaths/1,000 live births (2013 est.)
- total dependency ratio: 73 (2015 est.)
- youth dependency ratio: 67.1 (2015 est.)
- elderly dependency ratio: 5.9 (2015 est.)
- potential support ratio: 17.1 (2015 est.)
Urbanization
edit- urban population: 58.6% of total population (2022)
- rate of urbanization: 3.06% annual rate of change (2020–25 est.)
- urban population: 56.1% of total population (2018)
- rate of urbanization: 3.34% annual rate of change (2015–20 est.)
Life expectancy at birth
edit- total population: 69.37 years. Country comparison to the world: 178th
- male: 67.7 years
- female: 71.09 years (2022 est.)
- total population: 67.4 years (2018 est.)
- male: 64.9 years (2018 est.)
- female: 70 years (2018 est.)
- total population: 65.46 years (2013 est.); 66 years
- male: 64.48 years (2013 est.); 66 years
- female: 66.48 years (2013 est.); 67 years (2013 est.)
Nationality
editnoun:
Ghanaian
adjective:
Ghanaian
Citizenship
editLanguages
edit- Asante[8] 16%, Ewe[8] 13%, Fante[8] 11.6%, Dagbanli[24] 10%, Bono[8] (Brong) 4.9%, Dangme[8] 4.2%, Dagarte[8] (Dagaba) 3.9%, Likpakpaanl[8] a.k.a. Konkomba language 3.5%, Akyem[8] 3.2%, Ga[8] 3.1%, Other[8] 31.2%
Literacy
editDefinition: aged 15 and over can read and write
- total population: 79%
- male: 83.5%
- female: 74.5% (2018)
- total population: 76.6% (2015 est.)
- male: 82% (2015 est.)
- female: 71.4% (2015 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
edit- total: 12 years
- male: 12 years
- female: 12 years (2020)
- total population: 71.5%
- male: 78.3%
- female: 65.3% (2010 census)
Major infectious diseases
edit- degree of risk: very high (2020)
- food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
- vectorborne diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever
- water contact diseases: schistosomiasis
- animal contact diseases: rabies
- respiratory diseases: meningococcal meningitis
- note: since October 2021, there has been a yellow fever outbreak in Ghana with numerous cases, including some deaths, in the following regions: Savannah, Upper West, Bono, and Oti; the CDC recommends travelers going to Ghana should receive vaccination against yellow fever at least 10 days before travel and should take steps to prevent mosquito bites while there; those never vaccinated against yellow fever should avoid travel to Nigeria during the outbreak; there are no medications to treat or cure yellow fever
Unemployment, youth ages 15–24
edit- total: 9.1%
- male: 9.4%
- female: 8.7% (2017 est.)
Demographic history
editHistorical population
edit| Year[25] | Total recorded population |
|---|---|
| Pre-independence | |
| 1891 | 764,613 |
| 1901 | 1,549,661 |
| 1911 | 1,503,911 |
| 1921 | 2,296,400 |
| 1931 | 3,160,386 |
| 1948 | 4,118,459 |
| Post-independence | |
| 1960 | 6,726,815 |
| 1970 | 8,559,313 |
| 1984 | 12,296,081 |
| 2000 | 18,912,079 |
| 2010 | 24,658,823 |
| 2021 | 30,832,019 |
Population distribution
edit
Population density increased steadily from 36 per square kilometer in 1970 to 52 per square kilometer in 1984. In 1990 63 persons per square kilometer was the estimate for Ghana's overall population density. These averages did not reflect variations in population distribution. For example, while the Northern Region, one of ten administrative regions, showed a density of seventeen persons per square kilometer in 1984, in the same year Greater Accra Region recorded nine times the national average of 52 per square kilometer.[26]
As was the case in the 1960 and 1970 figures, the greatest concentration of population in 1984 was to the south of the Kwahu Plateau. The highest concentration of habitation continued to be within the Accra-Kumasi-Takoradi triangle, largely because of the economic productivity of the region. All of Ghana's mining centres, timber-producing deciduous forests, and cocoa-growing lands lie to the south of the Kwahu Plateau. The Accra-Kumasi-Takoradi triangle is linked to the coast by rail and road systems—making this area an important magnet for investment and labor.[26]
A large part of the Volta Basin is sparsely populated. The far north is heavily populated. The population density of the Upper East Region is well above the national average. This may be explained in part by the better soil found in some areas.[26]
Urban–rural disparities
editLocalities of 5,000 persons and above have been classified as urban since 1960. The 1960 urban population totalled 1,551,174 persons, or 23.1% of total population. By 1970, the urban percentage had increased to 28%. That percentage rose to 32% in 1984 and was estimated at 33% for 1992.[27]
Urban areas in Ghana have customarily been supplied with more amenities than rural locations. Consequently, Kumasi, Accra, and many settlements within the southern economic belt attracted more people than the savanna regions of the north; only Tamale in the north has been an exception. The linkage of the national electricity grid to the northern areas of the country in the late 1980s may help to stabilize the north-to-south flow of internal migration.[27] Ghana has a hugely rural population that is dependent on subsistence agriculture. Ghana has continued to be a nation of rural communities. Rural residency was estimated to be 67% of the population in 1992. In the 1970s, 72% of Ghana's population lived in rural areas.[27] The "Rural Manifesto," which assessed the causes of rural underdevelopment, was introduced in April 1984. Development strategies were evaluated, and some were implemented to make rural residency more attractive. The Bank of Ghana established more than 120 rural banks to support rural entrepreneurs, and the rural electrification program was intensified in the late 1980s. The government presented its plans for district assemblies as a component of its strategy for rural improvement through decentralized administration.[27]
References
edit- ^ data, 2021 Population And Housing Census-Ghana Statisical Service importance of. "2021 Population and Housing Census". census2021.statsghana.gov.gh. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2023). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (Twenty-sixth ed.). Dallas: SIL International. Retrieved 6 February 2023.
- ^ "The Bureau Of Ghana Languages-BGL". Ghana Embassy Washington DC, USA. 2013. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ^ Kortmann, Bernd; de Gruyter, Walter (2004). A handbook of varieties of English. 1. Phonology, Volume 2. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9783110175325. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ^ "Introduction To The Verbal and Multi-Verbalsystem of Akan" (PDF). ling.hf.ntnu.no. 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2014. Retrieved 16 November 2013.
- ^ a b Alhaji Ibrahim Abdulai; John M. Chernoff (1992). "Master Drummers of Dagbon". University of Chicago Press. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
- ^ "The Bureau Of Ghana Languages-BGL". National Commission on Culture. 2006. Archived from the original on 12 November 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Africa :: GHANA". CIA The World Factbook. 14 April 2022.
- ^ a b c Owusa-Ansah, David (1995). "Population". In Berry, LaVerle Bennette (ed.). Ghana: A country study. Library of Congress.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ Demographic data un.org [dead link]
- ^ "UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics". unstats.un.org. Retrieved 7 April 2024.
- ^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division (2022). "World Population Prospects 2022 Demographic indicators by region, subregion and country, annually for 1950-2100" (XLS (91MB)). United Nations Population Division. 27 (Online ed.). New York: United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. rows 5333:5404, cols M,X,AE,S,AH,S,AA,AV,AI. Archived from the original on 9 August 2022.
- ^ "The DHS Program – Survey Search". Dhsprogram.com. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
- ^ a b National Analytical Report Archived 2018-07-12 at the Wayback Machine. Statsghana.gov.gh.
- ^ "United Nations Statistics Division – Demographic and Social Statistics". Unstats.un.org. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
- ^ "Demographic and Health Survey 2014" (PDF). Dhsprogram.com. Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 October 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
- ^ "Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2014" (PDF). dhsprogram.com.
- ^ "Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2022" (PDF). dhsprogram.com.
- ^ "Ghana Population 2022", World Population Review
- ^ "GSS Online Membership And Data Request Centre (OMaDRC) – Dashboard Home". statsghana.gov.gh. Archived from the original on 27 September 2020. Retrieved 8 May 2020.
- ^ This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: "The World FactBook – Ghana", The World Factbook, 2022
- ^ a b "Facts About Ghana". Touringghana.com. Ministry of Tourism (Ghana). 2014. Archived from the original on 11 November 2014. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ a b "A Journey Through Islam: Muslims have come up well in Ghana". arabnews.com. Arab News. 1 March 2013. Retrieved 21 July 2014.
- ^ "Dagbani Wikimedians User Group: Digitizing Mabia languages in 2022 [Article]". Citinewsroom - Comprehensive News in Ghana. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 24 February 2024.
- ^ "Ghana 2021 Population and Housing Census". Ghana Statistical Service. Archived from the original on 24 September 2021. Retrieved 8 February 2022.
- ^ a b c Owusa-Ansah, David (1995). "Population Distribution". In Berry, LaVerle Bennette (ed.). Ghana: A country study. Library of Congress. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c d Owusa-Ansah, David (1995). "Urban–Rural Disparities". In Berry, LaVerle Bennette (ed.). Ghana: A country study. Library of Congress. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
Further reading
edit- Azunre, Gideon Abagna, Richard Azerigyik, and Pearl Puwurayire. "Deciphering the drivers of informal urbanization by Ghana's urban poor through the lens of the push-pull theory." InPlaning Forum Vol. 18. (2021). online
External links
edit
- (in English) Ghana Statistical Service