Galata Tower

Galata Tower
Galata Tower
Galata Kulesi
	Galata Tower (February 2020)
Former names	Turris Sancte Crucis (Holy Cross Tower)
General information
Type	Touristic building; museum; exhibition place; ; Formerly: watchtower; observation tower; fire tower;
Architectural style	Romanesque
Location	Istanbul, Turkey
Coordinates	41°1′32.36″N 28°58′26.96″E / 41.0256556°N 28.9741556°E
Completed	1348; 676 years ago
Renovated	1453; 1510; 1794; 1832; 1875; 1965-1967; 1999-2000; 2020;
Owner	Directorate General of Foundations
Height
Architectural	62.59 m (205 ft)
Top floor	40.04 m (131 ft)
Dimensions
Diameter	Interior: 8.95 m (29.4 ft); Exterior: 16.45 m (54.0 ft)
Technical details
Structural system	Masonry
Material	Stone
Floor count	11 (including the basement, the ground floor and the mezzanine)
Lifts/elevators	2
Grounds	208 m2 (2,240 sq ft)

The Galata Tower (Turkish: Galata Kulesi), officially the Galata Tower Museum (Turkish: Galata Kulesi Müzesi), is an old Genoese tower in the Galata part of the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey. Built as a watchtower at the highest point of the (lost) Walls of Galata,^[1] the tower is now an exhibition space and museum, and a symbol of Beyoğlu and Istanbul.

History edit

During the Byzantine period the Emperor Justinian had a tower erected in what was to become Galata. This tower was destroyed by the Crusaders during the Sack of Constantinople in 1204.

In 1267 a Genoese colony was established in the Galata part of Constantinople. It was surrounded by walls and the Galata Tower was first built at their highest point as the Christea Turris (Tower of Christ) in Romanesque style^[2]^[3] in 1348 during an expansion of the colony. At the time the Galata Tower, at 219.5 ft (66.9 m), was the tallest building in the city.^[4]

After the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, the Genoese colony was abolished and most of the walls of the citadel were later pulled down in the 19th century, during the northward expansion of the city in the districts of Beyoğlu and Beşiktaş; though small parts of the Genoese walls in Galata have survived.^[5]^[6]^[7] The tower was allowed to survive and was turned into a prison. It was from its roof that, in 1638, Hezarfen Ahmed Çelebi supposedly strapped on wings and made the first intercontinental flight, landing in the Doğancılar Meydanı in Üsküdar on the Asian side of the city, a story of doubtful authenticity recounted by the Ottoman travel writer, Evliya Çelebi.

From 1717, the Ottomans used the tower to look out for fires (on the Old Istanbul side of the city the Beyazıt Tower served the same function). In 1794, during the reign of Sultan Selim III, the roof was reinforced in lead and wood, but the stairs were severely damaged by a fire. Another fire damaged the building in 1831, after which further restoration work took place.

In 1875, the tower's conical roof was destroyed during a storm.^[8]^[9] It remained without this roof for the rest of the Ottoman period but, many years later, during restoration work between 1965 and 1967, the conical roof was reconstructed.^[8]^[9] At the same time the tower's wooden interior was replaced with a concrete structure and it was opened to the public.^[10]^[11]

In 2020 the Tower was splendidly restored then reopened as a museum now open for the public and the many tourists visiting Istanbul. ^[12]

It is mainly popular for the 360-degree view of Istanbul visible from its observation deck.

Panoramic view from the observation deck of the Galata Tower during the late Ottoman period

View of the Golden Horn and the Seraglio Point (Sarayburnu) from Galata Tower

Dimensions edit

The nine-story tower is 62.59 m (205.3 ft) excluding the ornament on the top. The observation deck is at 51.65 m (169.5 ft). The tower is 61 m (200 ft) above sea-level. It has an external diameter of 16.45 m (54.0 ft) at the base, an inside diameter of 8.95 m (29.4 ft), and walls that are 3.75 m (12.3 ft) thick.