This version of the scene uses more detailed photon mapping (a larger number of rays were traced from the light source to the transparent and reflective objects), and simulates chromatic dispersion by tracing additional rays to simulate the effective paths of different frequencies of light.
The blue and green colors in the original scene were replaced with black and white to make the chromatic effects more visible. POV-Ray is sampling a fixed set of light frequencies (16 frequencies were used). Monte Carlo methods can be more efficient than sampling fixed frequencies, and can avoid color banding, but they add noise. The faint, grainy lines in the shadow area are likely caused by the pattern of rays used by the photon mapping (Monte Carlo methods can fix this, but again they add noise). It took an hour and 40 minutes minutes to render the image (no GPU acceleration used).
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