Eriocraniidae is a family of moths restricted to the Holarctic region, with six extant genera.[2][3] These small, metallic moths are usually day-flying, emerging fairly early in the northern temperate spring. They have a proboscis with which they drink water or sap. The larvae are leaf miners on Fagales, principally the trees birch (Betula) and oak (Quercus), but a few on Salicales and Rosales.[4]
| Eriocraniidae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Eriocrania semipurpurella | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Suborder: | Glossata |
| Infraorder: | Dacnonypha Hinton, 1946 sensu Minet, 2002[1] |
| Superfamily: | Eriocranioidea |
| Family: | Eriocraniidae Rebel, 1901 |
| Genera | |
|
Dyseriocrania | |
| Diversity | |
| 25 described species | |
Characteristics edit
Moths in this family are diurnal, flying in the spring at dawn, and in sunshine, sometimes in swarms around host trees. They sometimes come to light and also rest on twigs and branches. By tapping branches over a beating tray, they fall and remain motionless. The moths are small with a forewing length of 4–7 mm. Forewings marking are shining pale golden or purple and often mottled. The purple moths can be difficult to tell apart with certainty and may require genitalia examination. The female moth has a piercing ovipositor and the almost colourless eggs are laid in the parenchyma of a leaf or in a leaf bud. The white or grey larvae form large blotches in the leaves containing intertwining strands of frass. Pupa are decticous in a tough, silken cocoon in the soil.[5][6]
Etymology edit
Eriocrania means woolly-headed, from the Greek, erion – wool and kranion – upper part of the head.[7][8]
References edit
- ^ Joël Minet (2002). "Un nom d'infra-ordre pour les Acanthopteroctetidae (Lepidoptera)" [Proposal of an infraordinal name for the Acanthopteroctetidae (Lepidoptera)]. Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France. 107 (3): 222. doi:10.3406/bsef.2002.16845. S2CID 89221735.
- ^ Donald R. Davis (1978). "A revision of the North American moths of the superfamily Eriocranioidea with the proposal of a new family, Acanthopteroctetidae (Lepidoptera)" (PDF). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology. 251 (251): 1–131. doi:10.5479/si.00810282.251.
- ^ Hitomi Mizukawa, Toshiya Hirowatari & Satoshi Hashimoto (2004). "Biosystematic study of Issikiocrania japonicella Moriuti (Lepidoptera: Eriocraniidae), with description of immature stages". Entomological Science. 7 (4): 389–397. doi:10.1111/j.1479-8298.2004.00088.x. S2CID 85351035.
- ^ Kristensen, Niels P. (31 December 1998). "The homoneurous Glossata". In Kükenthal, Willy (ed.). 5. The Homoneurous Glossata. Handbuch der Zoologie. De Gruyter. pp. 51–64. doi:10.1515/9783110804744.51. ISBN 978-3-11-015704-8.
- ^ Heath, John (1983). Eriocraniidae. In The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland. Volume 1. Colchester: Harley Books. pp. 156–165. ISBN 0-946589-15-1.
- ^ Sterling, Phil; Parsons, Mark; Lewington, Richard (2012). Field Guide to the Micro moths of Great Britain and Ireland. Gillingham, Dorset: British Wildlife. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-9564902-1-6.
- ^ Smith, Frank. "Microlepidoptera (Micro-Moths)". Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Federation for Biological Recorders. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
- ^ Emmet, A Maitland (1991). The Scientific Names of the British Lepidoptera. Their history and meaning. Colchester: Harley Books. p. 42. ISBN 0-946589-35-6.
External links edit
- Tree of Life Archived 19 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine
- Generic Names and their Type-species[permanent dead link]
- British moth Leaf Mines
- Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2003 onwards. British insects: the families of Lepidoptera. Version: 29 December 2011 Detailed description and figures including wing venation. Archived 24 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine