Embryo loss (also known as embryo death) is the death of an embryo at any stage of its development which in humans, is between the second through eighth week after fertilization.[1] Failed development of an embryo often results in the disintegration and assimilation of its tissue in the uterus, known as embryo resorption. Loss during the stages of prenatal development after organogenesis of the fetus generally results in the similar process of fetal resorption or miscarriage.[2] Embryo loss often happens without an awareness of pregnancy, and an estimated 40 to 60% of all embryos do not survive.[3]
Moral status
editThere is considerable debate about the moral status of human embryos. These debates are important in relation to abortion and IVF. Some argue that fetuses have the same moral status as infants, children, and adults.[4] However, critics claim that this view is morally inconsistent due to the frequency of embryo loss/miscarriage/spontaneous abortion in general population.[4] Some say that the debate ignores an important biological feature of human embryos, the fact that most human embryos die, before even doctors know they exist.[5]
Fertility clinics
editWithin fertility clinics embryo loss is associated with a high number of implanted embryos.[6] The keeping of embryos in tanks can also increase risks of loss in instances where technical malfunctions can occur.[7]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "Embryo Loss - MeSH - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 26 June 2020.
- ^ "Fetal Resorption - MeSH - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.
- ^ Jarvis, GE (2016). "Early embryo mortality in natural human reproduction: What the data say". F1000Research. 5: 2765. doi:10.12688/f1000research.8937.2. PMC 5443340. PMID 28580126.
- ^ a b Delaney, James (2023). "Embryo Loss and Moral Status". Journal of Medicine and Philosophy. 48 (3): 252–264. doi:10.1093/jmp/jhad010. PMID 37061803.
- ^ Kavanagh, Kathryn (September 2022). "Most human embryos naturally die after conception – restrictive abortion laws fail to take this embryo loss into account". The Conversation.
- ^ Kovalevsky, George; Patrizio, Pasquale (1 September 2002). "Embryo loss in assisted reproductive technologies (ART)". Fertility and Sterility. 78: S256. doi:10.1016/S0015-0282(02)04088-8.
- ^ Kaye, Randi; Nedelman, Michael (May 12, 2018). "'Our future children': Families speak after loss of frozen embryos in tank failure". CNN. Retrieved 2020-06-26.
Further reading
edit- Ord, Toby (23 May 2007). "The Scourge: Moral Implications of Natural Embryo Loss". The American Journal of Bioethics. 8 (7): 12–19. doi:10.1080/15265160802248146. PMID 18759175. S2CID 9273158.
